AIM: To see the causative factors, associations and outcomes of posterior capsule rupture (PCR). METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was done of all patients with PCR from 2007 to 2014 in Melaka Hospital. Associations between ocular comorbidities, lens related complications, surgeon grade, type of cataract surgery, whether done alone or in combination, with the occurrences of PCR were studied. The final visual outcome of cases with PCR was studied. RESULTS: PCR was the commonest intraoperative complication (n=623, 4.8%) among 12 846 patients. Ocular comorbidities and status of the lens did not cause PCR. Experience and seniority of surgeons were significantly associated with PCR. Medical officers had more PCRs than gazetting specialists (P=0.0000), who inturn had more PCRs than specialists (P=0.000). Each type of cataract surgery done was also significantly associated with PCR-phacoemulsification (phaco), phaco convert to extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) and intracapsular cataract extraction (ICCE) (P=0.000), lens aspiration (P=0.020), and ECCE (P=0.003). Specialists got good outcomes compared to trainees without PCR occurring (P=0.001) and also with PCR occurring (P=0.013). However, no difference was observed in the occurrence of PCR in complicated cases between specialists and trainees. Vision was compromised mainly by astigmatism following PCR. Impaired vision (P=0.000) and poor vision (P=0.000) were more than good vision. Poor vision was more in PCR compared to other complications.(P=0.000). CONCLUSION: PCR occurs in all types of cataract surgeries and is the main intraoperative complication causing poor vision. Good outcomes were significantly more when specialists got PCR compared to trainees. Junior surgeons should practice in wet labs and be given more cases. Copyright 2016 by the IJO Press.
Beberapa siri pengiraan ab-initio telah dijalankan bagi meneliti perubahan bentuk struktur dan ciri elektronik noktah kuantum silikon berdasarkan kesan pempasifan bahan bukan organik, hidroksil (OH) dan bahan organik, metil (CH3). Hasil pengoptimuman geometri menunjukkan bahawa noktah kuantum yang dipasifkan secara tepu dengan bahan organik dan bukan organik perlu menjalani proses penstrukturan semula keadaan permukaan bagi membolehkan pempasifan permukaan tepu dijalankan tanpa meninggalkan sebarang ikatan terjuntai. Kajian juga mendapati bahawa panjang ikatan meningkat pada ikatan silikon-hidroksil pada permukaan noktah kuantum. Manakala, herotan diperhatikan semasa proses pengenduran dinamik di bahagian teras noktah kuantum. Bagi pempasif metil pula, peningkatan ikatan silikon-metil pada permukaan meningkat lebih ketara, sementara pembentukan geometri tetrahedral pada bahagian teras dikekalkan. Hal ini menyumbang kepada kesan pengurungan elektron yang lebih jelas. Ringkasnya, kedua-dua jenis pempasif memberikan kesan perubahan penting pada ciri elektronik dalam tiga perspektif. Pertama, terdapat pengurangan nilai jurang tenaga apabila bahan pempasif yang digunakan mempunyai darjah kebebasan pergerakan yang sangat dinamik menyebabkan pengherotan pada bahagian teras. Kedua, walaupun kehadiran kedua-dua pempasif mempengaruhi nilai jurang tenaga, namun ia tetap menunjukkan sifat elektronik tenaga jurang-langsung. Ketiga, kewujudan jurang tenaga kecil juga diperhatikan agak ketara dalam jalur tenaga bagi noktah kuantum bersaiz kecil, dengan kesan kehadirannya boleh menyebabkan pengurangan hasil kuantum semasa proses eksiton berlaku.
The aim of the present work was to produce low sugar cookies by partial substitution with a
sugar replacer (i.e. maltitol, sorbitol, and isomalt) for sucrose. Four different types of cookies
were prepared. Sucrose was replaced by maltitol, sorbitol, and isomalt at 50% level (based on
relative degree of sweetness of sucrose) to produce CMAL50, CSOR50, and CISO50, respectively. Cookies that contained sucrose represented the control. All the cookies produced were
analysed for chemical properties, physical properties, and sensorial acceptance. The chemical
analysis results indicated that CMAL50, CSOR50, and CISO50 had higher moisture, crude
fibre, and the total carbohydrate content, but with lower ash, crude protein, crude fat, calories,
and total sugar content than the control. CSOR50 showed the lowest total sugar content; thus,
could be denoted as ‘low sugar’ cookies. Cookies containing maltitol and isomalt presented
good physical quality. The hardness value of cookies decreased with 50% substitution of
sorbitol and isomalt for sucrose. CISO50 showed the lowest lightness and yellowness values
than other cookie samples. The sensory evaluation results showed that the cookies incorporated with maltitol and isomalt did not influence the overall acceptability of cookies. In conclusion, the replacement of sucrose with maltitol, sorbitol, and isomalt could reduce sugar and
daily calorie intake. However, sorbitol substitution at 50% level is feasible to produce ‘low
sugar’ cookies, and this cookie could provide benefits to weight and health-conscious
consumers.
In recent decades, minimizing the frequency of nutrient deficiency and malnutrition in rural areas of developing
countries becomes an alarming issue. Oyster mushrooms are rich source of both macro and micro nutrients. The
objective of this paper was to evaluate the yield of newly introduced oyster mushroom strains viz. Pleurotus sajorcaju
(PSC), Pleurotus flabellatus (FLB), Pleurotus florida (FLO), Pleurotus ostreatus (PO2
and PO3
), Pleurotus ostreatus
(HK-51) and Pleurotus geesteranus (PG1
and PG3
) and to justify their nutritional values when grown in the climatic
condition of Bangladesh. Strain HK-51 produced the highest amount of fresh sporophore (197.80 g). In contrast, the
highest number of fruiting body was obtained from the strain FLO (82 g) followed by strain PSC (69 g). Strain PG1 has
recorded the highest biological yield (278 g), productivity (55%) and biological efficiency (96%). Nutrient and mineral
analysis of sporophore of strain PG1 showed protein (31.80%), lipid (3.6%), potassium (1.3 mg/100 g), phosphorus
(0.8 mg/100 g), calcium (32 mg/100 g), iron (43 mg/100 g), magnesium (12 mg/100 g), copper (3.5 mcg/100 g), zinc
(12.5 mcg/100 g) and manganese (2.3 mcg/100 g). This study showed that the strain PG1
performed well with regard to
quality and productivity as compared to other strains. Hence, oyster mushroom strain PG1
is a potential cheap source
of nutrients and minerals to combat socioeconomic problems including malnutrition, diseases linked to malnutrition,
poverty reduction and agricultural diversity.
INTRODUCTION: Various studies in primary care and hospitalized patients have discouraged routine use of chest x-ray (CXR) in medical examination.
PURPOSE: The study aims to determine the prevalence of abnormal routine CXR and cost of one CXR at a public health clinic and discuss the rationale of CXR in routine medical examination.
METHODOLOGY: Data of patients who visited Klinik Kesihatan Bandar Kota Bharu (KKBKB), a public health clinic, from 1 January until 31 December 2010 were examined. The study used cross-sectional design. All patients who came for medical examination and CXR at KKBKB were included. Cost analysis was performed from the perspective of provider.
FINDINGS: About 63.1% of 8315 CXR films in KKBKB were produced as part of routine medical examination. Prevalence of abnormal CXR was 0.25%. The cost of producing one CXR ranges from RM15.87 to RM32.34.
DISCUSSION: Low yield from CXR screening and high cost of CXR are the main concern. CXR screening would also lead to unnecessary radiation; and false-positive screening resulting in physical risk, unwarranted anxiety and more expenditure. CXR screening is appropriately reserved for high-risk patients and those with relevant clinical findings.
Adult-onset dermatomyositis has been found to be associated with underlying malignancies in up to 40% of patients. The aims of this study were to determine the demographic profile, the underlying cancer and outcome in patients with dermatomyositis. This was a retrospective review of 38 patients with dermatomyositis seen over a 12-year period in the Department of Dermatology, Kuala Lumpur Hospital. Of these, 18 (47.4%) had an associated underlying malignancy. The male to female ratio was 2:1. Ten patients (55.6%) were Chinese. The youngest patient encountered was 32 years old. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (61.1%) was the most common malignancy in our study population. Tumour markers were not useful as the initial screening for malignancies. Thorough screening for malignancy is imperative in adult dermatomyositis especially those above 40 years old.
This work investigates the development of a nanofabrication process to achieve high aspect-ratio nanostructures on quartz substrates using electron beam lithography (EBL) patterning and fluorinated plasma etching processes. An imaging layer of a poly(methyl methacrylate) bi-layer resist was spun coated on quartz substrate and exposed by an e-beam with the designed patterns of sub-100 nm feature sizes using a Raith-150 EBL patterning tool. Additive pattern transfer was employed by depositing a 40 nm thick Nichrome layer on the resist pattern using a metal evaporator which was later lifted off by soaking in acetone. Nichrome was employed as an etch mask and an Oxford Plasmalab 80Plus reactive ion etcher was used for the etching process. The etching process was carried out in a gas mixture of CHF(3)/Ar with a flow rate ratio of 50/30 sccm, pressure of 20 mTorr, radiofrequency power of 200 W and at room temperature. These etching process parameters were found to achieve a 10 nm min(-1) etch rate and tall vertical side walls profile. An aspect-ratio of 10:1 was achieved on 60 nm feature size structures.
"Cauliflower Ears" describes the appearance of swelling of the auricular cartilage resulting in gross distortion of the auricle. The underlying pathology is inflammation of the auricular cartilage. We report a case of a patient who presented to the ophthalmology clinic with an ocular inflammation, whose subsequent diagnosis of replapsing polychondritis was clinched with the finding of "Cauliflower Ears". This case emphasizes the importance of an appropriate general examination of ophthalmic patients for early diagnosis and prompt institution of medical treatment, which may prevent life-threatening complications to the patient.
Study site: Eye clinic, University Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Tibial fractures are common and complications occur more frequently than any other long bone fractures. The effect of fibula and location of fracture on union of Tibia fracture remain controversial. A retrospective study of unilateral closed tibial shaft fractures without any associated injury was done. From 1988 to 1992, 74 out of 103 patients were available for the study. There were 60 males and 14 females with the age ranges from 3 to 75 years with an average of 29.7 years. The differences of fractures healing were analyses with respect to the status of the fibula and the location of the tibial fracture. This study concludes that the location of the fracture and the status of the fibula have no significant influence on healing (p > 0.05).
Pectoralis major myocutaneous flap reconstruction of the defect following surgery for oral cancer in fourteen patients is described. The problems and complications encountered have been found to be minimal. Functional and cosmetic results were acceptable.
A case of traumatic chylothorax is presented with its typical clinical presentation. Failure of conservative measures led to a transthoracic ligation of the thoracic duct, with good result.
Carcinoma of the buccal mucosa is the commonest intra-oral malignancy seen in Malaysia. The purpose of this paper is to present 12 patients with carcinoma of the buccal mucosa who were seen by the authors between January 1981 to September 1981. The principal problems are those of late presentation and treatment, these aspects are illustrated, with a view of early return to normal life.
This paper presents four cases of Fournier's gangrene, including one involving a reconstructive procedure using a preputial rotation flap to cover the raw area, to reduce the period of wound healing. Since Fournier's description of Idiopathic scrotal gangrene in 1884, there have been a number of reports on this relatively rare disease but the problem of achieving early healing and epithelialisation remains.
A patient with ocular syphilis is presented. She experienced deterioration in vision following the commencement of treatment due to a Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction. This is a transient febrile illness that can occur in patients after the first adequate dose of an anti-microbial drug to treat infectious diseases such as syphilis, Lyme disease and relapsing fever. However, a Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction occurring in a patient receiving treatment for ocular syphilis can be serious, resulting in the rapid loss of vision.
Cobia Rachycentron canadum, is one of the emerging aquaculture species but is usually a non-target resource in fisheries
industry and within Malaysia, their landings are among the highest worldwide. Identification of stocks with unique
morphological characters is important for effective management and sustainable utilization. Morphometric variations
among three different cobia populations from Kedah, Terengganu and Johor were studied. All the morphometric
characteristics varied among the three populations as all the elements of the first Eigen vector were positive. Discriminant
analysis suggested that head depth (HD) and maximum body depth, (MaxD) were the most varied among the populations.
Cobia populations from Kedah and Johor were in a single cluster in the dendrogram with a 63.69% similarity while
Terengganu was in another cluster with a similarity of 8.01% from Kedah and Johor. The differences in the observed
morphometry may be resulted from different trophic activities and/or habitat productiveness explored by each of the
populations
The presence of weeds in areas of agricultural activities is a hinderance to the development of these activities. It is important to take advantage of the vast open spaces suitable for agriculture and provide food security for humans, and also it is an important indicator for determining the feasibility of growing crops, benefiting from yield and determining the percentage of loss, clearing fields through agricultural practices, that protect crops from weed attack and agricultural practice method must be followed that will reduce weed presence. This study was conducted during the years 2018 to 2020 to evaluate Portulacaceae of Flora in the Taif area in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia at different altitudes (Area 1 =1700 m, Area 2 =1500 m, Area 3 =1500 m, Area 4 =500 m ِ Area 5 = 2200 m, and Area 6 = 2200 m). The results show that there were 2,816 individuals of Portulaca oleracea weed, with the highest density found in A 1, followed by A 2, while in A 5 and A 6, no weeds were recorded. The highest density of weeds were in the Pomegranate fields, followed by Grape fields. The lowest density was found in A man field. The results of this study will help to take the necessary measures to combat weeds and its management in areas of agricultural activity, while more studies are needed to survey the ecology of weeds of Taif in The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Oleum azadirachti consists of the oil obtained from dried seeds of Azadirachta indica A. Juss. (family: Meliaceae). Local names of Azadirachta indica A. Juss. are Abodua, aforo-oyinbo, anwe egyane, arista, azad dirakht, azadarakht, azedarach and bead tree. Indigenous to India, and widely distributed in South and South-East Asia and cultivated in Africa, the South Pacific Islands, South and Central America and Australia, and in southern Florida and California, United States of America, it is a straight-boled deciduous tree, which is 6-25 m high. Bark is dark-brown, externally fissured with a buff inner surface and fibrous fracture. Leaves alternately arranged, pinnately compound and up to 40 cm long, and composed of 8-18 short-petiolate narrow-ovate, pointed and curved toothed leaflets, 3-10 cm long and 1-4 cm wide arranged in alternate pairs. The major constituents are oxidized tetranortriterpenes including azadirachtin (azadirachtin A), azadiriadione, epoxyazadiradione, azadirone, nimbidin, nimbin, deacetylnimbin, salannin, gedunin, mahmoodin, 17-hydroxydiradione and related derivatives. It is of various medicinal uses, such as a contraceptive for intravaginal use, a mosquito repellent, and treatment of vaginal infections, treatment of gastric ulcers, cardiovascular disease, malaria, rheumatism and skin disorders, external applications for treatment of septic wounds, ulcers and boils, treatment of allergic skin reactions, asthma, bruises, colic, conjunctivitis, dysmenorrhoea, fever, gout, headache, itching due to varicella, kidney stones, leukorrhoea, psoriasis, scabies, sprains and muscular pain, and wounds. It is also used as an emmenagogue, tonic, stomatic and vermicide. In conclusion, the plant oil had antifertility, antihyperglycaemic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiviral, antiulcer, estrogenic, immune, contraceptive, antibacterial, insect repellent, and skin treatment effects.