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Evaluation of angiotensin II receptor blockers for drug formulary using objective scoring analytical tool

Lim TM, Ibrahim MI

Pharm Pract (Granada), 2012 Jul;10(3):136-42.
PMID: 24155829

Drug selection methods with scores have been developed and used worldwide for formulary purposes. These tools focus on the way in which the products are differentiated from each other within the same therapeutic class. Scoring Analytical Tool (SAT) is designed based on the same principle with score and is able to assist formulary committee members in evaluating drugs either to add or delete in a more structured, consistent and reproducible manner.
Fulltext Mortality in the Department of Surgery, Alor Setar Hospital

Lim TM, Naidu RR

Med J Malaysia, 2001 Jun;56(2):240-2.
PMID: 11771087

This is a retrospective study of the annual mortality that occurred in the Department of Surgery, Alor Setar Hospital, for the years 1995 to 1997. This study looks at the number of admissions to the surgical wards and categorizes the causes of death. The annual mortality rates were 2.60, 2.89 and 3.25 per hundred admissions for the year 1995, 1996 and 1997 respectively. Head injury was the leading cause of death whilst sepsis and advanced malignancies second and third commonest causes. We hope that with the publication of these figures, we can initiate more studies to analyse similar local data.
Biologically active indole and bisindole alkaloids from Tabernaemontana divaricata

Kam TS, Pang HS, Lim TM

Org Biomol Chem, 2003 Apr 21;1(8):1292-7.
PMID: 12929658

The ethanol extract of the leaves of Tabernaemontana divaricata (double flower variety) provided a total of 23 alkaloids, including the new aspidosperma alkaloids, taberhanine, voafinine, N-methylvoafinine, voafinidine, voalenine and the new bisindole alkaloid, conophyllinine in addition to the previously known, biologically active bisindole, conophylline and its congener, conofoline. The structures of the new alkaloids were established by spectroscopic methods. The preparation and characterization of the corresponding quinones of the biologically active bisindoles are also described in relation to a structure-activity study of these compounds with respect to their action in stimulating insulin expression.
Cardiovascular effects of aspidofractinine-type alkaloids from Kopsia

Mok SL, Yoganathan K, Lim TM, Kam TS

J Nat Prod, 1998 Mar;61(3):328-32.
PMID: 9544563

Intravenous injection of the aspidofractinine alkaloid, kopsingine (1, 0.2-10.0 mg/kg) from Kopsia teoi, produced dose-related decreases in the mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate in anesthetized spontaneously hypertensive rats, which were similar to those seen in normotensive controls. Minor modifications in the molecular structure of kopsingine, as in kopsaporine (2, the 12-demethoxy derivative of kopsingine) and 14,15-dihydrokopsingine (4), did not significantly alter the hypotensive responses, whereas a more drastic change in the structure, as in the heptacyclic kopsidine A (3) and the 3-to-17 oxo-bridged compound 5, resulted in an increase in blood pressure. The antihypertensive effects of kopsingine (1) and its congeners (2 and 4) along with the pressor effects produced by the heptacyclic oxo-bridged compounds (5 and 3) could be ascribed to central as well as peripheral actions.
Fulltext An audit of upper gastrointestinal bleeding at Seremban Hospital

Lim TM, Lu PY, Meheshinder S, Selvindoss P, Balasingh D, Ramesh J, et al.

Med J Malaysia, 2003 Oct;58(4):522-5.
PMID: 15190627

We retrospectively analyzed all patients presenting with upper gastrointestinal bleeding to Seremban Hospital over a one-year period. A quarter of the oesophagogastro-duodenoscopies (OGD) performed were performed as emergency for upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding. Gastric ulcers and duodenal ulcers were the two most common findings. Our results suggest that there is a male preponderance of 2:1, the Chinese were more likely to be affected and the elderly (> 60 years) were at highest risk.
Fulltext Botanical Origin Differentiation of Malaysian Stingless Bee Honey Produced by Heterotrigona itama and Geniotrigona thoracica Using Chemometrics

Ng WJ, Sit NW, Ooi PA, Ee KY, Lim TM

Molecules, 2021 Dec 16;26(24).
PMID: 34946710 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26247628

Stingless bee honey, specifically honeydew honey, is generally valued for its better health benefits than those of most blossom types. However, scientific studies about the differentiation of stingless bee honey based on honeydew and blossom origins are very limited. In this study, 13C NMR spectroscopy was employed to quantify the seven major sugar tautomers in stingless bee honey samples, and the major sugar compositions of both honeydew and blossom types were found not significantly different. However, several physicochemical properties of honeydew honey including moisture content, free acidity, electrical conductivity, ash content, acetic acid, diastase, hydrogen peroxide, and mineral elements levels were significantly higher; while total soluble solid, proline, and hydroxymethylfurfural were significantly lower than blossom honey. Greater antioxidant capacity in honeydew honey was proven with higher total phenolic compounds, ABTS, DPPH, superoxide radical scavenging activities, peroxyl radical inhibition, iron chelation, and ferric reducing power. Using principal component analysis (PCA), two clusters of stingless bee honey from the honeydew and blossom origin were observed. PCA also revealed that the differentiation between honeydew and blossom origin of stingless bee honey is possible with certain physicochemical and antioxidant parameters. The combination of NMR spectroscopy and chemometrics are suggested to be useful to determine the authenticity and botanical origin of stingless bee honey.
Fulltext Renal targeting potential of a polymeric drug carrier, poly-l-glutamic acid, in normal and diabetic rats

Chai HJ, Kiew LV, Chin Y, Norazit A, Mohd Noor S, Lo YL, et al.

Int J Nanomedicine, 2017;12:577-591.
PMID: 28144140 DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S111284

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Poly-l-glutamic acid (PG) has been used widely as a carrier to deliver anticancer chemotherapeutics. This study evaluates PG as a selective renal drug carrier.
EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: 3H-deoxycytidine-labeled PGs (17 or 41 kDa) and 3H-deoxycytidine were administered intravenously to normal rats and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. The biodistribution of these compounds was determined over 24 h. Accumulation of PG in normal kidneys was also tracked using 5-(aminoacetamido) fluorescein (fluoresceinyl glycine amide)-labeled PG (PG-AF). To evaluate the potential of PGs in ferrying renal protective anti-oxidative stress compounds, the model drug 4-(2-aminoethyl)benzenesulfonyl fluoride hydrochloride (AEBSF) was conjugated to 41 kDa PG to form PG-AEBSF. PG-AEBSF was then characterized and evaluated for intracellular anti-oxidative stress efficacy (relative to free AEBSF).
RESULTS: In the normal rat kidneys, 17 kDa radiolabeled PG (PG-Tr) presents a 7-fold higher, while 41 kDa PG-Tr shows a 15-fold higher renal accumulation than the free radiolabel after 24 h post injection. The accumulation of PG-AF was primarily found in the renal tubular tissues at 2 and 6 h after an intravenous administration. In the diabetic (oxidative stress-induced) kidneys, 41 kDa PG-Tr showed the greatest renal accumulation of 8-fold higher than the free compound 24 h post dose. Meanwhile, the synthesized PG-AEBSF was found to inhibit intracellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (a reactive oxygen species generator) at an efficiency that is comparable to that of free AEBSF. This indicates the preservation of the anti-oxidative stress properties of AEBSF in the conjugated state.
CONCLUSION/IMPLICATIONS: The favorable accumulation property of 41 kDa PG in normal and oxidative stress-induced kidneys, along with its capabilities in conserving the pharmacological properties of the conjugated renal protective drugs, supports its role as a potential renal targeting drug carrier.