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  1. Lim GT, Teh YG, Ng CY, Mohd Khalid H, Hayati F
    Ann Med Surg (Lond), 2021 Feb;62:84-87.
    PMID: 33505677 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2021.01.003
    Introduction and importance: The differential diagnosis of a paediatric abdominal mass can be extensive, as it potentially involves multiple organs including gastrointestinal, genitourinary, endocrine, and gynaecological systems. Hence, a systematic approach to history taking and physical examination is needed to clinch the diagnosis. Specifically, the approach for assessing, investigating, and managing a ballotable left hypochondrial mass in a child can be challenging.

    Case presentation: We report a 10-year-old Dusun girl presenting with left hypochondrial pain and noted a left hypochondrial mass on examination. This report highlights the role of clinical imaging during the pre-operative and post-operative phases.

    Clinical discussion: Ultrasound and CT imaging was useful in determining that the tumor originated from the tail of the pancreas. The presence of a definite capsule with internal solid-cystic components helped narrowed the differential diagnosis to solid pseudopapillary neoplasm (SPN) of the pancreas. MR liver was useful to rule out liver metastasis in this child.

    Intervention and outcome: The patient was scheduled for laparotomy and tumour excision at a regional paediatric centre. Successful excision of the tumor en-mass was performed and the child's subsequent recovery was uneventful.

    Conclusion: Clinical imaging plays a critical role in the diagnosis and management of paediatric solid organ tumours. Other than renal origin, suspicion of pancreatic tail origin should be considered by clinicians when encountering a ballotable left abdominal mass.

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