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Unusual foreign body in the rectum

Lal M

Med J Malaysia, 1975 Jun;29(4):309-10.
PMID: 1196180
A foetus in the abdomen of a boy

Lal M

Med J Malaya, 1971 Jun;25(4):307-10.
PMID: 4261309
Unusual presentation of chorion epithelioma malignum

Subramanyam C, Lal M

Med J Malaya, 1970 Jun;24(4):306-7.
PMID: 4248354
Poliomyelitis in Malaysia: two confirmed cases after 6 years without polio

Ismail HI, Lal M

Ann Trop Paediatr, 1993;13(4):339-43.
PMID: 7506880

Poliomyelitis in Malaysia has not been reported since 1986. We report two cases of poliomyelitis in non-immunized children whose parents, though relatively educated, opted not to vaccinate their children for socio-cultural reasons. This recent trend may interfere with our attempts to eradicate poliomyelitis globally by the year 2000. The clinical features, pathophysiology and differential diagnosis are discussed.
Congenital atresia and stenosis of the duodenum--a case report

Lal M, Said MY

Med J Malaysia, 1974 Jun;28(4):283-6.
PMID: 4278623
A comparison of cardiovascular risk factors among Indo-Asian and caucasian patients admitted with acute myocardial infarction in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia and Birmingham, England

Dhanjal TS, Lal M, Haynes R, Lip G

Int J Clin Pract, 2001 Dec;55(10):665-8.
PMID: 11777289

Indo-Asians in the UK are at an increased risk of coronary artery disease (CAD); this may be a reflection of their cardiovascular risk factor profile as well as of a more sedentary lifestyle. We hypothesised that Indo-Asians in Malaysia and the UK may exhibit a similar cardiovascular risk factor and physical activity profile, which would be more adverse compared with caucasians. We studied 70 consecutive Indo-Asian patients admitted to hospitals in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (n=42; 35 males; mean age 60.6 years, SD 11.8); and Birmingham, England (n=28; 20 males; mean age 60.8 years, SD 12.9). Both groups of Indo-Asian patients were compared with 20 caucasian patients (13 males; mean age 62.7 years, SD 9.4) admitted with myocardial infarction from Birmingham. There was a higher prevalence of diabetes among Indo-Asians in both countries than among caucasians (p=0.0225). By contrast, caucasians had a higher prevalence of hypercholesterolaemia (p=0.0113), peripheral vascular disease (p=0.0008), regular alcohol consumption (p<0.0001) and family history of CAD (p=0.0041). There were no significant differences in mean age, body mass index or blood pressures. There was a significantly lower leisure activity score (p=0.001) and total physical activity score (p=0.003) among Indo-Asians in both countries than among caucasians. This survey has demonstrated differences in cardiovascular risk factors among Indo-Asian and caucasian patients. The high prevalence of diabetes, as well as the lower physical activity and sedentary lifestyles among Indo-Asians, in both Malaysia and the UK, may in part contribute to the high incidence of CAD in this ethnic group.
Optimizing hybrid vigor: a comprehensive analysis of genetic distance and heterosis in eggplant landraces

Rajan N, Debnath S, Perveen K, Khan F, Pandey B, Srivastava A, et al.

Front Plant Sci, 2023;14:1238870.
PMID: 37719210 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1238870

INTRODUCTION: This study explored the molecular characterization of 14 eggplant (brinjal) genotypes to evaluate their genetic diversity and the impact of heterosis. As eggplant is a vital horticultural crop with substantial economic and nutritional value, a comprehensive understanding of its genetic makeup and heterosis effects is essential for effective breeding strategies. Our aim was not only to dissect the genetic diversity among these genotypes but also to determine how genetic distance impacts heterotic patterns, which could ultimately help improve hybrid breeding programs.
METHODS: Genetic diversity was assessed using 20 SSR markers, and the parental lines were grouped into five clusters based on the Unweighted Pair Group Method of Arithmetic Means (UPGMA). Heterosis was examined through yield and yield-related traits among parents and hybrids.
RESULTS: Polymorphisms were detected in eight out of the twenty SSR markers across the parental lines. Notably, a high genetic distance was observed between some parents. The analysis of yield and yield-related traits demonstrated significant heterosis over mid, superior, and standard parents, particularly in fruit yield per plant. Two crosses (RKML-26 X PPC and RKML1 X PPC) displayed substantial heterosis over mid and better parents, respectively. However, the positive correlation between genetic distance and heterosis was only up to a certain threshold; moderate genetic distance often resulted in higher heterosis compared to very high genetic distance.
DISCUSSION: These findings emphasize the critical role of parental selection in hybrid breeding programs. The results contribute to the understanding of the relationship between genetic distance and heterosis, and it is suggested that future research should delve into the genetic mechanisms that drive heterosis and the effect of genetic distance variance on heterosis. The insights drawn from this study can be harnessed to enhance crop yield and economic value in breeding programs.
Safety and efficacy of Ensifentrine in COPD: A Systemic Review and Meta-analysis

Yappalparvi A, Balaraman AK, Padmapriya G, Gaidhane S, Kaur I, Lal M, et al.

Respir Med, 2024 Nov 16.
PMID: 39557208 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2024.107863

BACKGROUND: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) significantly impacts global health due to persistent airflow limitation and inflammation. Despite standard therapies, symptoms persist. Ensifentrine, targeting both bronchoconstriction and inflammation as a dual phosphodiesterase 3 and 4 inhibitor, offers a promising therapeutic advancement for COPD management. This meta-analysis evaluates the safety and efficacy of ensifentrine in improving lung function, dyspnea, and quality of life in COPD patients.
METHODS: We searched PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science through August 2024 for randomized controlled trials evaluating ensifentrine in COPD patients over a minimum of four weeks. Data extraction and screening utilized Knowledge software, and meta-analyses were performed using R v4.4 with a random-effects model.
RESULTS: From 206 studies identified, four met our inclusion criteria. Ensifentrine improved FEV1 significantly at a dose of 3 mg (LS mean difference: 40.90 mL; 95% CI: 19.65-62.15). It also improved dyspnea as measured by the Transition Dyspnea Index (TDI) (LS mean difference: 0.91; 95% CI: 0.61-1.21) and quality of life according to the St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire-C (SGRQ-C) scores (LS mean difference: -1.92; 95% CI: -3.28 to -0.55). Safety profiles were comparable between the ensifentrine and placebo groups, with no significant increase in treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) (RR: 1.02; 95% CI: 0.94-1.10).
CONCLUSION: Ensifentrine significantly enhances lung function, reduces dyspnea, and improves quality of life in COPD patients, especially at a 3 mg dose. These benefits, coupled with a stable safety profile, support its use as an adjunctive therapy in COPD management.