MyMedR

Fulltext Use of social media and WhatsApp to conduct teaching activities during the COVID-19 lockdown in Pakistan

Khan TM

Int J Pharm Pract, 2021 Feb 10;29(1):90.

Potential for community pharmacies to promote rational drug use in Pakistan

Ali I, Khan TM

Res Social Adm Pharm, 2016 Jan-Feb;12(1):167-8.

PMID: 26443471 DOI: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2015.09.003

Fulltext Factors influencing community pharmacist decision to dispense generic or branded medicines; Eastern Province, Alahsa, Saudi Arabia

Albadr Y, Khan TM

Saudi Pharm J, 2015 Apr;23(2):143-6.

PMID: 25972733 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2014.07.002

Rising costs of medicines have increased the interest of policy makers in generic medicines. However, consumers' and health care providers' perception and attitude towards generic medicine act as a main barrier to the promotion of generic medicines.

Fulltext Medication misuse among elderly population in Pakistan

Saleem A, Khan TM

Ther Adv Drug Saf, 2016 Jun;7(3):122-3.

PMID: 27298723 DOI: 10.1177/2042098616637250

Fulltext Hospital pharmacists' knowledge about and attitude toward HIV/AIDS and patients living with HIV/AIDS in Kedah, Malaysia

Khan TM, Baig MR

Arch Med Sci, 2013 Dec 30;9(6):1117-24.

PMID: 24482660 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2012.30953

The current study aims to explore the knowledge, attitude, and perception of hospital pharmacists towards HIV/AIDS and patients living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in the state of Kedah, Malaysia.

Fulltext Polio vaccination in Pakistan: by force or by volition?

Khan TM, Chiau LM

Lancet, 2015 Oct 31;386(10005):1733.

PMID: 26545429 DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00689-3

Challenges to health workers and their opinions about parents' refusal of oral polio vaccination in the Khyber Pakhtoon Khawa (KPK) province, Pakistan

Khan TM, Sahibzada MU

Vaccine, 2016 Apr 19;34(18):2074-81.

PMID: 26993330 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.03.008

A qualitative study design was adapted to explore the challenges faced by health workers (HWs) during the polio health campaign. In addition, HWs' opinions about the factors causing parents to refuse oral polio vaccination (OPV) were also explored. Four focus group discussions (FGDs) were held (from 1st January 2015-31st March 2015) with the HWs who participated in the OPV campaigns in the polio red zones of Khyber Pakhtoon Khawa (KPK) province of Pakistan, namely Kohat (FG 1), Domel and Bannu (FG 2), Hangoo (FG 3), and Peshawar (FG 4). A total of N=42 HWs (10-11 in each FG) agreed to participate in this study. Overall, HWs disclosed that public attitude and harsh behaviour towards the HWs and security threats are the two main challenges they face. Common issues hindering parents' willingness to vaccinate their children against OPV are: OPV is seen as haram and not permitted in Islam, it is said to contain the blood of pigs (Khinzir) and monkeys, and parents are afraid that it is done to induce sterility among their children. HWs also shared that parents have a strong belief in the conspiracies that are associated with OPV, i.e. the USA and CIA, are spying on us and our government is helping them to achieve their agenda. Furthermore, HWs revealed that frequent visits may further strengthen parents' perceptions and make them more resistant to OPV. The common side effects of OPV reported by parents were mainly gastro-intestinal problems and in some cases mild to moderate fever with some respiratory symptoms. There is a great need to improve the logistics and facilities for HWs assisting in vaccination programmes. Furthermore, it is necessary to improve education, so people understand the basic concept of revaccination and booster doses, thereby assisting in creating a basic understanding of vaccinations, which may trigger changes in attitudes and make people believe in the benefits of OPV rather than following the conspiracies that lead them to refuse it.

Enough With Polio: It's Measles' Turn Now in Pakistan

Rehman IU, Khan TM

Disaster Med Public Health Prep, 2016 08;10(4):539-40.

PMID: 27263952 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2016.91

Fulltext Quality of life among patients suffering from cholestatic liver disease-induced pruritus: A systematic review

Jin XY, Khan TM

J Formos Med Assoc, 2016 Sep;115(9):689-702.

PMID: 27431691 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2016.05.006

A systematic assessment of literature was done to estimate the impact of pruritus on health-related quality of life among patients with cholestatic liver disease (CLD). All the articles were reviewed manually for study design, population, outcomes, and study quality. A qualitative approach was used to analyze and extract data from included studies. A total of eight studies were retrieved, of which one was a cohort study and the other seven were cross-sectional studies. Overall, it appears that the incidence of pruritus was a common complication reported by most of the studies. Among patients with CLD incidence of pruritus was 29%. Pruritus was found to have a substantial impact on patients' health-related quality of life. Greater health-related quality of life impairment was observed with increased severity of pruritus. Pruritus was found to have a significant association (p<0.05) in quality-of-life instrument domains such as role limitation-physical, role limitation-emotional, bodily pain, vitality, energy, and physical mobility. Evidence suggests that pruritus has a substantial impact on health-related quality of life among patients with CLD. More research is required to support the evidence.

Fulltext Validity and reliability of the Urdu version of the 5D itching scale to assess pruritus among patients with chronic kidney disease in Pakistan

Rehman IU, Khan TM

BMC Nephrol, 2017 Oct 02;18(1):302.

PMID: 28969584 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-017-0717-0

BACKGROUND: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has become a major public health issue worldwide in the past few years. Pruritus is a common, well-recognized complication often seen in patients with chronic renal failure. For assessment of pruritus, different tools are used but these tools are unable to identify the changes and variations in the severity of pruritus. The aim of our study was to validate the Urdu-version of the Urdu-version of the 5D itch scale among patients suffering from chronic kidney disease in Pakistan.

METHOD: The 5D itch scale was translated from English into Urdu following translation guidelines for translation. Face and content validity was determined by a panel of experts and piloted. For retest, the Urdu version of the 5D itch scale was administered at baseline and two weeks.

RESULTS: A total of 50 participants with end stage renal disease were recruited, and of these, 64% were males. Exploratory factor analysis revealed that the 5D-IS had 2-factor loadings: "Pattern and activity" and "Distribution" with Kaiser-Mayer-Olkin (KMO) = 0.802, Bartlett's test of sphericity was significant (df = 28, p

Hepatitis C Transmission among Intravenous Drug Users in Pakistan: Time to Intervene

Rehman IU, Khan TM

J Coll Physicians Surg Pak, 2017 Nov;27(11):735.

PMID: 29132493 DOI: 2758

Fulltext Public attitude and justification to purchase antibiotics in the Eastern region Al Ahsa of Saudi Arabia

Emeka PM, Al-Omar M, Khan TM

Saudi Pharm J, 2014 Dec;22(6):550-4.

PMID: 25561868 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2014.02.014

Use of non-prescription antibiotics can portend danger and predispose the populace to changes in bacterial resistance pattern. The aims of this study were to (a) evaluate the knowledge and attitudes of residents of Al-Ahsa community, Saudi Arabia on the use of non-prescribed antibiotics. (b) To identify possible predictors (if any) for self-medication within the community. A cross-sectional survey study, using self-administered questionnaire was conducted in two sections; demographics and self-medication attitude (in form of self-antibiotic use). Questions contained the following outcomes; for demographics; gender, age, education level and common disease within the community. Whereas the second part evaluated sources of information, knowledge of antibiotics, frequency/duration of use, underlined illness in which drug use was employed, names of antibiotics used and awareness of adverse effects of antibiotics. Results revealed that the adult population in the 18-40 year age range constituted about 82.5% of the respondents. Also 18-29 age group made of 60.5% of the respondents and that 56.8% the respondents are university graduates. Cold (18.8%) and sore throat (13.0%) were the diseases commonly found among the community that drove them to using non-prescribed antibiotics. About 337 (72.8%) of the respondent mention the use of antibiotics to treat the illness, and 21 (4.5%) were aiming to prevent the illness. While, 19.4% of the respondents admitted to taking non-prescribed antibiotics for both prevention and treatment of illness. 43.6% of the respondents disclosed that they are not aware of the dangers of using non-prescribed antibiotics. In conclusion the use of non-prescribed antibiotics in this community is evident, as a significant number use them from previous experience for prevention and treatment of illness. Therefore introduction of rational use of drugs will help in limiting the attendant development of bacterial resistance.

Fulltext A study assessing the impact of different teaching modalities for pharmacy students in a Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) course

Khan TM, Hassali MA, Rasool ST

Saudi Pharm J, 2013 Oct;21(4):375-8.

PMID: 24227957 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2012.11.002

The current study aims to assess the effectiveness of different teaching methods adopted for the practical session of Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR). CPR training is one of the compulsory modules of the Public Health Pharmacy (PHP) course at Universiti Sains Malaysia. CPR training comprises of 10% of total marks of the PHP course. To test the effectiveness of the different teaching strategies, three groups were defined using a two-stage cohort distribution-i.e. based on grade point average (GPA) and different teaching modalities. Group One was instructed using images and PowerPoint lecture slides. Group Two was instructed using videos and PowerPoint lecture slides. Group Three was instructed using PowerPoint slides with white boards and videos. Students in Group Three were not provided with a hard/soft copy of the PowerPoint slides and were encouraged to write down all the information on their personal notebooks. A 20-item questionnaire was used to assess the students' understanding toward the CPR session. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Science Students, SPSS version 13®. Based on the response attained, the comparison of the final score among the groups was undertaken using one way ANOVA. Twenty-seven students have participated in this study. Final evaluation using the questionnaire revealed that student's in Group Three had a better understanding of CPR (18.1 ± 1.5, p <0.001) than the other two. Students' note taking during the lecture and use of traditional chalkboard teaching were found significant to improve the students' understanding and learning in the CPR session.

Knowledge towards breast cancer among Malaysian university students

Khan TM, Anwar M, Gillani W

Breast J, 2011 Sep-Oct;17(5):553-4.

PMID: 21827564 DOI: 10.1111/j.1524-4741.2011.01142.x

Fulltext A survey of knowledge of sexually transmitted infections among patients at a public hospital in Pulau Pinang, Malaysia

Anwar M, Sulaiman SA, Khan TM

Med Princ Pract, 2010;19(4):312-8.

PMID: 20516709 DOI: 10.1159/000312719

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the patients' knowledge and awareness of sexually transmitted infections (STIs).
SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A face-to-face interview was conducted among the patients visiting the Venereal Diseases Outpatient Department of the General Hospital of Pulau Pinang (Malaysia). A 19-item questionnaire was used. A total of 116 patients participated in the study and 107 patients had valid responses. The reliability and internal consistency of the questionnaire tool was estimated on the basis of Cronbach's alpha (= 0.81). The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS 13.0(R)) was used for data analysis. Student's t test and analysis of variance were used to analyse the knowledge differences among the groups.
RESULTS: Of the 107 patients, 82 (76.6%) were diagnosed with syphilis; AIDS was the most commonly known STI among the patients. Of the 107 patients, 35 were sexually active and of these 23 (65.7%) had more than 1 sexual partner. The most popular source of knowledge was newspapers (51 patients, 47.7%), with hospitals (3 patients, 2.8%) being the least popular one. Overall mean score on knowledge questions was 12.21 out of the maximum of 33 points. Knowledge about causative organisms, risk groups, transmission, symptoms, prevention and treatment of STIs was inadequate. The knowledge level was significantly related to gender (p = 0.03), religion (p = 0.005), educational level (p = 0.000), marital status (p = 0.000) and income level (p = 0.036).
CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated evidence of poor knowledge of STIs amongst the patients attending an STI service in the General Hospital of Pulau Pinang (Malaysia). Hence there is an immediate need for efforts towards improving patient knowledge of STIs.
Study site: Venereal Diseases Outpatient Department, General Hospital Pulau Pinang, Malaysia

Fulltext Use of drug information resources by the community pharmacist in Penang, Malaysia

Hassali MA, Khan TM, Shafie AA

Inform Prim Care, 2010;18(3):213-6.

PMID: 21396245

This study aimed to identify the types of drug information resources used by community pharmacists in daily practice in Penang, Malaysia.

Fulltext Burden of chronic kidney disease and its risk factors in Malaysia

Begum R, Khan TM, Ming LC

J Epidemiol Glob Health, 2016 12;6(4):325-326.

PMID: 27095074 DOI: 10.1016/j.jegh.2016.03.004

Review of data exclusivity provisions in the Trans-Pacific Partnership agreement

Lee KS, Khan TM, Ming LC

Res Social Adm Pharm, 2016 03 24;12(4):545-7.

PMID: 27086064 DOI: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2016.03.002

Patient satisfaction and medication adherence assessment amongst patients at the diabetes medication therapy adherence clinic

Bakar ZA, Fahrni ML, Khan TM

Diabetes Metab Syndr, 2016 Apr-Jun;10(2 Suppl 1):S139-43.

PMID: 27055354 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2016.03.015

AIMS: To determine the satisfaction and current adherence status of patients with diabetes mellitus at the diabetes Medication Therapy Adherence Clinic and the relationship between patient satisfaction and adherence.
METHODS: This cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out at three government hospitals in the state of Johor, Malaysia. Patient's satisfaction was measured using the Patient Satisfaction with Pharmaceutical Care Questionnaire; medication adherence was measured using the eight-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale.
RESULTS: Of n=165 patients, 87.0% of patients were satisfied with DMTAC service (score 60-100) with mean scores of 76.8. On the basis of MMAS, 29.1% had a medium rate and 26.1% had a high rate of adherence. Females are 3.02 times more satisfied with the pharmaceutical service compared to males (OR 3.03, 95% CI 1.12-8.24, p<0.05) and non-Malays are less satisfied with pharmaceutical care provided during DMTAC compared to Malays (OR 0.32, 95% CI 0.12-0.85, p<0.05). Older patients age group ≥60 years were 3.29 times more likely to adhere to their medications (OR 3.29, 95% CI 1.10-9.86, p<0.05). Females were the most adherent compared to males (OR 2.33, 95%CI 1.10-4.93, p<0.05) and patients with secondary level of education were 2.72 times more adherent to their medications compared to those in primary school and no formal education (OR 2.72, 95%CI 1.13-6.55, p<0.05). There is a significant (p<0.01), positive fair correlation (r=0.377) between satisfaction and adherence.
CONCLUSION: Patients were highly satisfied with DMTAC service, while their adherence levels were low. There is an association between patient satisfaction and adherence.
Keyword: Diabetes medication therapy adherence clinic (DMTAC)
Study site: Medication Therapy Adherence Clinic, Pharmacy, Hospitals, Johor, Malaysia

Fulltext Effectiveness of posthemodialysis administration of pregabalin (75 mg) in treatment resistance uremia pruritus

Khan TM, Aziz A, Suleiman AK

J Pharm Bioallied Sci, 2016 3 10;8(1):74-6.

PMID: 26957874 DOI: 10.4103/0975-7406.171736

Uremic pruritus (UP) is one of the complications faced by majority of the patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD). Due to complex pathophysiology of UP, most of the anti-inflammatory and tropical lubricants often not provide a long lasting control over pruritus. Recently the uses of certain anti-epileptics are found to demonstrate promising relief to UP. To test the effect of 75 mg pregabalin in patients with treatment resistance pruritus. Data was prospectively collected from a patient with ESRD and suffering from treatment resistance pruritus. Intensity of pruritus was recorded using 5D-itching scale (5D-IS) and visual analogue scale (VAS). Pre and post assessment was done for this patient, on initial assess the parathyroid hormone level of the patient was 70.5 pg/ml with a serum phosphate level of 2.61 mmol/L. Upon initial assess the VAS score was 8 and 5D-IS score was twenty. After the duration of four weeks of pregabalin 75 mg post hemodialysis, 5D-IS score reduced to 8 and VAS score move down to 3. Pregabalin 75 mg post hemodialysis was found to reduce the intensity of UP. Pregabalin 75 mg post hemodialysis can be another option to treat UP.

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