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Fulltext Influence of electron irradiation factor on haruan traditional extract (HTE) for oral drug delivery

Ibrahim, I., Abdul Manan, M.J., Kamaruddin, H.

Jurnal Sains Nuklear Malaysia, 2014;26(1):1-8.
MyJurnal

Haruan or Channa striatus is source of protein that is widely consumed in the region and its extract
is well known for having medical values. It is of great advantage if this product could be taken
orally rather than by injection because the oral route of drug delivery is still preferred by the vast
majority of patients. However protein and peptides can be denatured or degraded by the acidic pH
of the stomach and the presence of endogenous enzymes. In order to protect or prevent digestion
and degradation of the protein in the stomach and to ensure the protein reaches the gastro
intestinal (GI) tract, Carboxymethyl Starch (CMS) nanogel system was developed using electron
irradiation method. However stability of HTE during the irradiation process needed to be studied
before being developed further. In this study, the HTE was irradiated using electron beams. Its
stability was analysed in terms of physical and chemical changes by looking at colour difference,
melting point by using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and molecular bonds by using
Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) respectively. The results of this study were that no apparent
colour difference was observed with HTE before and after irradiation. These observations were
supported by the FTIR and DSC results that showed that there were no changes in molecular bonds
and melting point, compared between no irradiation and irradiation HTE during electron
irradiation up to 10 kGy. Statistically the test showed no significant difference at p < 0.005 between
melting temperatures.
Fulltext Evaluation of Refractive Status and Ocular Biometric Parameters in Primary Angle Closure Disease

Loh CC, Kamaruddin H, Bastion MC, Husain R, Mohd Isa H, Md Din N

Ophthalmic Res, 2021;64(2):246-252.
PMID: 32810853 DOI: 10.1159/000510925

INTRODUCTION: The aim of the study was to evaluate the refractive status and ocular biometric parameters in subjects with angle closure in Malaysia.
METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 171 primary angle closure patients (268 eyes). Visual acuity, refraction, and ocular biometry (central anterior chamber depth [ACD], axial length [AL], and lens thickness) were recorded. Vitreous cavity length (VL) and relative lens position (RLP) were calculated.
RESULTS: A total of 92 Primary Angle Closure Suspect (PACS), 30 Primary Angle Closure (PAC), and 146 Primary Angle Closure Glaucoma (PACG) eyes were included. Chinese ethnicity formed the majority (n = 197, 73.5%), followed by Malay (n = 57, 21.3%) and Indian (n = 14, 5.2%). There was a significant female preponderance with a female to male ratio of 1.85. Mean age was 65.7 ± 7.7 years. Mean spherical equivalent was +0.33 ± 1.29 D. Approximately half (n = 137, 51%) of the eyes were hyperopic (spherical power ≥+0.5), with PACG having the highest percentage of hyperopia (n = 69, 50.4%). Myopia and emmetropia were present in 48 (17.9) and 83 (31%) eyes, respectively. Although AL and VL in myopia patients were significantly longer than emmetropic and hyperopic eyes (p < 0.001), the ACD was not significantly different (p = 0.427). While the RLP is smaller in myopic eyes, lens thickness was increased in hyperopic eyes. PACG was significantly higher in elderly patients compared to PACS and PAC (p = 0.005). A total of 37 (13.8%) eyes were blind (vision worse than 3/60) and 19 of them (51.3%) were female patients.
CONCLUSION: A decrease in RLP is predictive of angle closure disease in myopic eyes, whereas increased lens thickness contributes to angle closure disease in hyperopic eyes.
Fulltext Catquest-9SF questionnaire: validation of Malay and Chinese-language versions using Rasch analysis

Adnan TH, Mohamed Apandi M, Kamaruddin H, Salowi MA, Law KB, Haniff J, et al.

Health Qual Life Outcomes, 2018 Jan 05;16(1):5.
PMID: 29304817 DOI: 10.1186/s12955-017-0833-3

BACKGROUND: Catquest questionnaire was originally developed in Swedish to measure patients' self-assessed visual function to evaluate the benefit of cataract surgery. The result of the Rasch analysis leading to the creation of the nine-item short form of Catquest, (Catquest-9SF), and it had been translated and validated in English. The aim is therefore to evaluate the translated Catquest-9SF questionnaire in Malay and Chinese (Mandarin) language version for measuring patient-reported visual function among cataract population in Malaysia.
METHODS: The English version of Catquest-9SF questionnaire was translated and back translated into Malay and Chinese languages. The Malay and Chinese translated versions were self-administered by 236 and 202 pre-operative patients drawn from a cataract surgery waiting list, respectively. The translated Catquest-9SF data and its four response options were assessed for fit to the Rasch model.
RESULTS: The Catquest-9SF performed well in the Malay and Chinese translated versions fulfilling all criteria for valid measurement, as demonstrated by Rasch analysis. Both versions of questionnaire had ordered response thresholds, with a good person separation (Malay 2.84; and Chinese 2.59) and patient separation reliability (Malay 0.89; Chinese 0.87). Targeting was 0.30 and -0.11 logits in Malay and Chinese versions respectively, indicating that the item difficulty was well suited to the visual abilities of the patients. All items fit a single overall construct (Malay infit range 0.85-1.26, outfit range 0.73-1.13; Chinese infit range 0.80-1.51, outfit range 0.71-1.36), unidimensional by principal components analysis, and was free of Differential Item Functioning (DIF).
CONCLUSIONS: These results support the good overall functioning of the Catquest-9SF in patients with cataract. The translated questionnaire to Malay and Chinese-language versions are reliable and valid in measuring visual disability outcomes in the Malaysian cataract population.
Fulltext Impact of pharmacist insulin injection re-education on glycemic control among type II diabetic patients in primary health clinics

Selvadurai S, Cheah KY, Ching MW, Kamaruddin H, Lee XY, Ngajidin RM, et al.

Saudi Pharm J, 2021 Jul;29(7):670-676.
PMID: 34400860 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2021.04.028

Background: Insulin injection technique re-education and diabetes knowledge empowerment has led to improved glycemic control.
Objectives: To evaluate the impact of pharmacist's monthly re-education on insulin injection technique (IT), lipohypertrophy, patients' perception on insulin therapy and its effect on glycaemic control.
Methods: This randomized controlled, multi-centered study was conducted among type 2 diabetics from 15 government health clinics. 160 diabetics with baseline HbA1C ≥ 8% and unsatisfactory IT technique were randomized into control or intervention group. Control group received standard pharmacist counselling during initiation and at 4th month. Intervention group received monthly counselling and IT re-education for 4 months. Assessment of diabetes, IT knowledge, adherence and perception towards diabetes were conducted using validated study tools Insulin Treatment Appraisal Scale (ITAS) and Medication Compliance Questionnaire (MCQ)).
Results: 139 patients completed the study; control group (69), intervention group (70). In control group, all outcomes shown improvement except for patient's perception. Mean HbA1C decreased 0.79% ± 0.24 (p = 0.001). In intervention group, all outcomes improved significantly. HbA1c reduces significantly by 1.19% ± 0.10 (p
Fulltext Corrigendum to "Inventory and composting of yard waste in Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia" [Heliyon 6 (7) (July 2020) 04486]

Abdul Rahman MH, Sadi T, Ahmad AA, Masri IN, Mohammad Yusoff M, Kamaruddin H, et al.

Heliyon, 2020 Aug;6(8):e04748.
PMID: 32885080 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04748

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04486.].
Fulltext Inventory and composting of yard waste in Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

Abdul Rahman MH, Sadi T, Ahmad AA, Masri IN, Mohammad Yusoff M, Kamaruddin H, et al.

Heliyon, 2020 Jul;6(7):e04486.
PMID: 32715140 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04486

Composting of yard waste is one of the waste management approaches in the Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (MARDI) in Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. The yard waste inventory was developed in the headquarters' area and a pilot-scale study was performed on the potential compost product. The total amount of yard waste generated from June 2017 to December 2017 was 16.75 tonnes with an average generation of 0.60 tonnes per week on the dry weight (d.w.) basis. The collected yard waste consisted of three major characteristics, namely dry leaves, fresh green leaves, and grass cuttings, and a waste estimation technique was applied to determine the composition of these three elements. The acquired information was used to formulate the initial compost mixture. The wastes were then mixed with an appropriate amount of livestock manure and other wastes to obtain the optimum initial C/N ratio, which was then found in the analysis to range between 25:1 and 42:1. Meanwhile, the C/N ratios obtained from the matured compost product were from 10:1 and 15:1. Moreover, most of the compost yield ranged between 50% and 70% (w w-1 d.w. basis), while the percentage of the seed germination in the compost was over 95%. The viability of the project was indicated from the economic analysis, with benefit to cost ratio (BCR) values of more than 1. The results also suggested that the large scale composting of yard waste in MARDI was feasible and its applicability is continuous. This technique also fulfilled the objective of producing quality compost, which was suitable for agricultural use.