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  1. Ch'ng YH, Osman MA, Jong HY
    Malays J Med Sci, 2021 Apr;28(2):161-170.
    PMID: 33958970 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2021.28.2.15
    Background: Specific language impairment (SLI) diagnosis is inconvenient due to manual procedures and hardware cost. Computer-aided SLI diagnosis has been proposed to counter these inconveniences. This study focuses on evaluating the feasibility of computer systems used to diagnose SLI.

    Methods: The accuracy of Webgazer.js for software-based gaze tracking is tested under different lighting conditions. Predefined time delays of a prototype diagnosis task automation script are contrasted against with manual delays based on human time estimation to understand how automation influences diagnosis accuracy. SLI diagnosis binary classifier was built and tested based on randomised parameters. The obtained results were cross-compared to Singlims_ES.exe for equality.

    Results: Webgazer.js achieved an average accuracy of 88.755% under global lighting conditions, 61.379% under low lighting conditions and 52.7% under face-focused lighting conditions. The diagnosis task automation script found to execute with actual time delays with a deviation percentage no more than 0.04%, while manually executing time delays based on human time estimation resulted in a deviation percentage of not more than 3.37%. One-tailed test probability value produced by both the newly built classifier and Singlims_ES were observed to be similar up to three decimal places.

    Conclusion: The results obtained should serve as a foundation for further evaluation of computer tools to help speech language pathologists diagnose SLI.

  2. Jong HY, Rozaida AR, Abdullah JM, Reza MF, Kuan G
    Malays J Med Sci, 2022 Dec;29(6):132-145.
    PMID: 36818906 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2022.29.6.13
    BACKGROUND: Specific language impairment (SLI) is described as a heterogeneous deficit that causes difficulties in various aspects of language. We performed a comparative study of two methods of language assessment with the primary objective of determining the most effective approach for identifying adolescents with syntactic SLI and typical development (TD) in use.

    METHODS: A software-assisted method using E-Prime 2.0 was used to create an experiment. The participants were Malay adolescents aged 13 years old-15 years old. The conventional method was compared with the software-assisted method to assess the participants' comprehension and production performance. Data on reaction time (RT), scoring and no response (NR) were obtained from the adolescents.

    RESULTS: Based on the two methods, the findings on the selection of participants for the SLI and TD groups was different. The two methods produced similar results in terms of the selection of TD group and most participants in the syntactic SLI group except for two participants who failed in the conventional method but passed the test in the software-assisted method.

    CONCLUSION: The descriptive evaluation of the findings suggested selecting software-assisted method as the alternative source because the provided information was detailed and this information enabled the researcher to identify the SLI group.

  3. Jong HY, Rauf RA, Abdullah JM, Reza F, Tye J, Karageorghis CI, et al.
    Malays J Med Sci, 2023 Aug;30(4):132-146.
    PMID: 37655149 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2023.30.4.12
    BACKGROUND: Adolescents with syntactic specific language impairment (S-SLI) fail to comprehend which object questions. We hypothesised that rhythmic music training is more effective in treating this condition than conventional methods because music is often perceived as having a clear, isochronous beat or pulse. Thus, this study aims to investigate the effects of rhythmic music training on the syntactic structure processing of Malay which questions among native adolescents.

    METHODS: In this research study, the participants were three groups of Malay adolescents aged 13 years old-15 years old: i) adolescents with S-SLI with music training, ii) adolescents with S-SLI without music training and iii) typically developing adolescents. Before and after music training, the participants were given a sentence-picture matching task. Accuracy measures and reaction times were captured using E-Prime 2.0.

    RESULTS: The results indicated that with music training, the accuracy and reaction time associated with which object questions among the two SLI groups were significantly higher and lower, respectively.

    CONCLUSION: The implications of using rhythmic music training in enhancing syntactic structure processing are also discussed.

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