MyMedR

Displaying all 4 publications

Abstract:

Sort:

New Determination Method of Two Bioactive Saponins in Lysimachia capillipes Hemsl. by Quantitative Analysis of Multi-Components by Single-Marker

Zhang X, Chen X, Jin J, Gong M, He Q, Li S, et al.

J Chromatogr Sci, 2021 Oct 29;59(10):941-948.
PMID: 33728454 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmab028

Capilliposide B (CPS-B) and Capilliposide C (CPS-C), as the key components in Lysimachia capillipes Hemsl., increasingly aroused the interest and research concern of many researchers due to the good bioactivities. Nowadays, the reference standards of CPS-B and CPS-C yield were very limited. Due to the deficit of reference standards, the determination could be difficult to carry out, and the quality control and evaluation would be restrained afterwards. To solve this urgent problem, a quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker (QAMS) method was proposed and established based on high-performance liquid-chromatography tandem evaporative light-scattering detector. In this QAMS method, the content of the two bioactive components could be calculated by buddlejasaponin IV, which is applied as an external standard and readily obtained. And the methodological experiments were evaluated and indicated accuracy, stability and feasibility of this QAMS method. Therefore, in this study, this built method would properly meet the requirement of determination of CPS-B, CPS-C and quality control of the L. capillipes Hemsl. plant.
Fulltext First Report of Anthracnose Caused by Colletotrichum sansevieriae on Sansevieria trifasciata var. laurentii in China

Li J, Deng H, Diao L, Zhang R, Li J, Liu HX, et al.

Plant Dis, 2022 Aug 08.
PMID: 35939754 DOI: 10.1094/PDIS-03-22-0673-PDN

Sansevieria trifasciata var. laurentii (De Wild.) N.E. Brown, commonly known as variegated snake plant or variegated mother-in-law's tongue, is a popular landscape and house plant. In September and October 2019, the obvious leaf spot symptoms were observed on the plants in a 0.2 hm2 of nursery in Qingdao city of China with incidence of 55%. The disease usually starts from the tip or edge of the leaf, initially have slightly water-soaked semi-circular or round brown lesions, which gradually expanded and coalesced into irregular shapes about 3-8 cm in diameter. Grayish brown sunken spots with dark margins that evolve into concentric rings of acervuli which were characteristic of anthracnose, and orange sticky conidial masses were observed under the moist condition. The leaves with typical anthracnose symptoms were collected and deposited in the herbarium of Qingdao agricultural university under accessions no. QDHB074-QDHB087. Subsequently 20 isolates with the same colony and morphological characteristics were obtained from ten diseased leaves by placing surface-sterilized tissue pieces with typical spots on potato dextrose agar (PDA). Colonies are floccose with grayish-white to dark olivaceous gray color, and gray black on the reverse after 14 days at 28°C. Straight conidia [15.0 to 27.5 × 3.5 to 7.0 μm in size (average 18.2 × 6.1 μm) (n = 50)] were cylindrical, aseptate, hyaline, slippery surface, most with one tapering end and the other oval. Setae were black, 185-230 μm in length, with a thin tip and septate in the middle. Appressoria [6.5 to 7.3 × 7.8 to 9.2 μm in size (average 6.8 × 8.1 μm) (n = 15)] were black to dark brown, solitary, spherical with smooth wall. The fungal isolates were identified as Colletotrichum sansevieriae Nakamura (Nakamura et al. 2006), based on the morphological characteristics. To confirm the identification, the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and calmodulin (CAL) regions of a representative isolate HWL-1016 were amplified by primers ITS1/ITS4 (White et al. 1990) and CMD5/CMD6 (Weir et al. 2012), respectively. The 549 bp ITS (MN922517) and 597 bp CAL (OM994078) sequences had respectively 100% and 99.30% identity with the sequences from holotype species of C. sansevieriae MAFF 239721 (no. NR_152313 and LC180125). Phylogenetic tree based on ITS and CAL sequences respectively or jointly constructed by PAUP4.0 (Swofford 2002) revealed that the fungus in this study clustered with C. sansevieriae isolates (NR_152313, KC790947, HQ433226, JF911349, MN386823). Pathogenicity test of isolate HWL1016 was evaluated on five 3- to 4-month-old potted S. trifasciata var. laurentii under greenhouse conditions (27±2 °C, 16-hr light/8-hr dark photoperiod, 80% relative humidity). Conidial suspension (1×106 conidia/mL) of the isolated fungus from PDA colonies cultured for 15 days and sterile distilled water (as control) were sprayed on pin-pricked surface-sterilized (70% alcohol) leaves of potted plants, respectively. Three replications (three plants) were done for each treatment, and the experiment was repeated twice. The inoculated plants were covered with plastic films for 2 days and obvious water-soaked wounds were observed on the sixth day. After 16 days, the symptoms of the inoculated plants were similar to those in the nursery, with disease incidence reached 100%, while controls remained symptomless. C. sansevieriae was subsequently reisolated from the symptomatic tissues. Anthracnose on S. trifasciata var. laurentii caused by C. sansevieriae has been reported in Australia, Iran, Japan, Malaysia (Kee et al. 2020), South Korea, USA (Talhinhas & Baroncelli 2021), India (Gautam et al. 2012) and Thailand (Li et al. 2020). To our knowledge, this is the first report of C. sansevieriae causing anthracnose on S. trifasciata var. laurentii in China. This study will contribute to guide effective management based on pathogen.
The Impact of Quality Improvement Interventions in Improving Surgical Infections and Mortality in Low and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Jin J, Akau Ola S, Yip CH, Nthumba P, Ameh EA, de Jonge S, et al.

World J Surg, 2021 10;45(10):2993-3006.
PMID: 34218314 DOI: 10.1007/s00268-021-06208-y

BACKGROUND: Morbidity and mortality in surgical systems in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) remain high compared to high-income countries. Quality improvement processes, interventions, and structure are essential in the effort to improve peri-operative outcomes.
METHODS: A systematic review and meta-analysis of interventional studies assessing quality improvement processes, interventions, and structure in developing country surgical systems was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Studies were included if they were conducted in an LMIC, occurred in a surgical setting, and measured the effect of an implementation and its impact. The primary outcome was mortality, and secondary outcomes were rates of rates of hospital-acquired infection (HAI) and surgical site infections (SSI). Prospero Registration: CRD42020171542.
RESULT: Of 38,273 search results, 31 studies were included in a qualitative synthesis, and 28 articles were included in a meta-analysis. Implementation of multimodal bundled interventions reduced the incidence of HAI by a relative risk (RR) of 0.39 (95%CI 0.26 to 0.59), the effect of hand hygiene interventions on HAIs showed a non-significant effect of RR of 0.69 (0.46-1.05). The WHO Safe Surgery Checklist reduced mortality by RR 0.68 (0.49 to 0.95) and SSI by RR 0.50 (0.33 to 0.63) and antimicrobial stewardship interventions reduced SSI by RR 0.67 (0.48-0.93).
CONCLUSION: There is evidence that a number of quality improvement processes, interventions and structural changes can improve mortality, HAI and SSI outcomes in the peri-operative setting in LMICs.
Effectiveness of Quality Improvement Processes, Interventions, and Structure in Trauma Systems in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Jin J, Akau'ola S, Yip CH, Nthumba P, Ameh EA, de Jonge S, et al.

World J Surg, 2021 07;45(7):1982-1998.
PMID: 33835217 DOI: 10.1007/s00268-021-06065-9

BACKGROUND: Trauma mortality in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) remains high compared to high-income countries. Quality improvement processes, interventions, and structure are essential in the effort to decrease trauma mortality.
METHODS: A systematic review and meta-analysis of interventional studies assessing quality improvement processes, interventions, and structure in developing country trauma systems was conducted from November 1989 to August 2020 according to the Preferred Reporting Items of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Studies were included if they were conducted in an LMIC population according to World Bank Income Classification, occurred in a trauma setting, and measured the effect of implementation and its impact. The primary outcome was trauma mortality.
RESULTS: Of 37,575 search results, 30 studies were included from 15 LMICs covering five WHO regions in a qualitative synthesis. Twenty-seven articles were included in a meta-analysis. Implementing a pre-hospital trauma system reduced overall trauma mortality by 45% (risk ratio (RR) 0.55, 95% CI 0.4 to 0.75). Training first responders resulted in an overall decrease in mortality (RR 0.47, 95% CI 0.28 to 0.78). In-hospital trauma training with certified courses resulted in a reduction of mortality (RR 0.71, 95% CI 0.62 to 0.78). Trauma audits and trauma protocols resulted in varying improvements in trauma mortality.
CONCLUSION: There is evidence that quality improvement processes, interventions, and structure can improve mortality in the trauma systems in LMICs.