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  1. Mechanism Linking Cigarette Pack Factors, Point-of-Sale Marketing and Individual Factors With Smoking Intention Among School-Going Adolescents
    Jetly K, Ismail A, Hassan N, Mohammed Nawi A
    J Public Health Manag Pract, 2024 Sep 05.
    PMID: 39236215 DOI: 10.1097/PHH.0000000000001960
    CONTEXT: Tobacco usage accounts for one of the most preventable causes of death.

    OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to explore mechanisms linking cigarette pack factors, point-of-sale marketing, and individual factors (psychological reactant trait) to predict smoking intention among school-going adolescents.

    DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This was a cross-sectional study conducted among 6 urban secondary schools. A pretested and validated self-administered questionnaire was used. Data analysis for structural equation modeling was done using SMART-PLS v3.2.8.

    MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: The main outcome measure was to determine the direct and indirect effects of cigarette pack factors, point-of-sale marketing, and individual factors (psychological reactant trait) to predict smoking intention among school-going adolescents in a theory-based model.

    RESULTS: A total of 386 adolescents fulfilling the inclusion criteria participated. Pictorial warning message reactance (β = .153, P ≤ .001), pack receptivity of conventional pack (β = .297, P = .004), and psychological reactant trait (β = .174, P ≤ .001) were positively related to smoking intention. Pictorial warning negative affect (β = -.153, P = .001) was negatively related to smoking intention. The psychological reactant trait was positively related to message reactance (β = .340, P ≤ .001). However, recall exposure to point-of-sale marketing and pack appraisal of conventional pack was not positively related to smoking intention (β = .038, P = .215 and β = -.026, P = .39, respectively). Pictorial warning message reactance also positively mediates the relationship between psychological reactant trait and smoking intention (β = 0.05, p = .001). The model has strong predictive power.

    CONCLUSION: In conclusion, cigarette pack factors and psychological reactant traits are essential in predicting smoking intention. Hence, policymakers should consider these factors in developing smoking policies.

  2. Fulltext The Prevalence and Risk Factors of Hypertension among the Urban Population in Southeast Asian Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
    Mohammed Nawi A, Mohammad Z, Jetly K, Abd Razak MA, Ramli NS, Wan Ibadullah WAH, et al.
    Int J Hypertens, 2021;2021:6657003.
    PMID: 33628485 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6657003
    The trend of global prevalence for hypertension has been dramatically increasing for the past two decades in Southeast Asian countries. A systematic review aiming to assess the prevalence of hypertension and its risk factors among the urban population in Southeast Asian countries was conducted. We performed database searches of PubMed and Web of Science and performed meta-analysis to determine the pooled prevalence estimate. The overall pooled prevalence estimate of hypertension for Southeast Asian urban population was 33.82%. Among this, 33.98% of hypertension was reported in the community and 32.45% among adolescents in school. The common risk factors that we found were male, ethnicity, education and socioeconomic level, body mass index, waist circumference, smoking, and dyslipidaemia. The review indicates an urgent need for primary and secondary prevention activities. Therefore, a multisectoral and intersectoral approach and collaboration should be undertaken to improve the overall health outcomes of all populations in all Southeast Asian countries.
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