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  1. Fulltext The Immediate Term Effect Of Chewing Meswak (Salvadora Persica) On Flow Rate And PH Of Whole Saliva
    Hairuddin, N.M., Abdul Jalil, R.
    Ann Dent, 2000;7(1):-.
    MyJurnal
    The objective of this study was to determine the effect chewing of two differently sized commercially available meswak might have on flow rate and pH of whole saliva. Twenty subjects participated in this study. They were distributed into two groups (A and B). Subjects in both groups A and B were asked to first chew on either a sized #1 or #2 cotton roll followed by the chewing of an equivalent sized piece of meswak (approximately 5 mm. and 10 mm. diameter) respectively. For subjects in group A, no differences in mean flow rate was seen after both the chewing regimes. In group B however, the increase in mean flow rate after the chewing of meswak compared to cotton roll was statistically significant at p < 0.05. Statistically significant lower values for pH were registered after the chewing of meswak compared to cotton roll in both groups A and B at p
  2. Fulltext The Immediate Term Effect Of Chewing Commercially Available Meswak (Salvadora Persica) On Levels Of Calcium, Chloride, Phosphate And Thiocyanate In Whole Saliva.
    Kaur, S., Abdul Jalil, R., Akmar, S.L.
    Ann Dent, 2004;11(1):-.
    MyJurnal
    The objective of this study was to determine the effect of chewing commercially available meswak may have on levels of calcium, chloride, phosphate and thiocyanate in stimulated whole saliva. A total of 20 subjects participated in the investigation. They were distributed into two groups. Those in group A (10 individuals) were asked to first chew on a cotton roll (sized #1) followed by the chewing of an equivalent sized 5mm piece of commercially available meswak. Subjects in group B (10 individuals) did the same but, chewed on cotton roll (sized #2) followed by the chewing of an equivalent sized 10mm piece of commercially available meswak. After following a specified chewing protocol, samples of stimulated whole saliva were collected into a graduated tube at the end of every chewing regime. Calcium, chloride, phosphate and thiocyanate analysis were carried out using colour titration and spectrophotometer. Results from this investigation indicated that commercially available meswak chewing sticks apart from containing high amounts of calcium and chloride may possibly release phosphate and thiocyanate into whole saliva. These findings suggest that the commercially available meswak used as chewing sticks may have the potential of releasing substances into saliva that could influence the state of oral health. Further studies have to be carried out to ascertain the therapeutic benefits of chewing commercially available meswak.
  3. Correlating Streptococcus mutans counts in saliva with plaque amount, gingival inflammation and caries experience in school children
    Jalil RA
    Singapore Dent J, 1995 Jul;20(1):16-20.
    PMID: 9582684
    Samples of stimulated whole saliva were obtained from ninety-four 12-14-year-old school children living in inner London to evaluate if there was a correlation between Streptococcus mutans counts in saliva with plaque amount, gingival inflammation and caries experience. S. mutans counts were obtained by a dip-slide method (Dentocult 'Strip Mutans') in which the count was expressed as 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4 based on visual estimation of the colony density. There was no association between counts' of S. mutans in saliva with plaque amount and gingival inflammation. However, there was a significant trend of increased decayed, missing, filled surfaces (DMFS) with increasing S. mutans counts.
  4. Concentrations of thiocyanate and hypothiocyanite in the saliva of young adults
    Jalil RA
    J Nihon Univ Sch Dent, 1994 Dec;36(4):254-60.
    PMID: 7869127
    The study was conducted to determine thiocyanate (SCN-) and hypothiocyanite (OSCN-) concentrations in resting (RWS) and stimulated whole saliva (SWS) and stimulated parotid saliva (SPS) of 20 healthy young adults aged 21-29 y. Samples of saliva were collected at 12:30, immediately before lunch. Resting saliva was collected by expectoration, and stimulated saliva was collected during the uniform chewing of paraffin wax. Parotid secretion was collected using a modified Carlsson-Crittenden cup (Carlsson et al., Am, J. Physiol., 26, 169-177, 1910). SCN- concentration was determined by the ferric nitrate method (Betts et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 75, 5721-5727, 1953) whilst OSCN- was assayed using 2-mercaptoethanol as a reducing agent (Pruitt et al., Caries Res., 16, 315-323, 1982). In RWS, SWS and SPS, the mean SCN- concentrations (in mM) were 1.48 +/- 0.59(S.D.), 0.90 +/- 0.56(S.D.) and 1.24 +/- 0.65(S.D.) whilst the mean OSCN- concentrations (in microM) were 31.21 +/- 13.54(S.D.), 24.90 +/- 12.61 and 30.19 +/- 23.35(S.D.) in the respective salivas. The presence of OSCN- in the secretion collected from the parotid gland supported previous findings by Tenovuo and Pruitt (Tenovuo et al., J. Oral Path, ol. 13, 573-584, 1984), who suggested an endogenous glandular (eukaryotic) source of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), since parotid saliva from healthy glands is devoid of bacteria and leukocytes.
  5. Relationship between oral hygiene state and levels of oral sensory perception and motor ability
    Jalil RA, Cornick DE
    J Nihon Univ Sch Dent, 1994 Sep;36(3):175-82.
    PMID: 7989959
    It has been postulated that subjects with high levels of oral sensory perception and motor ability are able to achieve higher standards of oral hygiene even under different dietary regimes. In this study, eleven dental personnel volunteers were started on a low-sucrose diet for one week, followed by a high-sucrose diet for another week, while eleven others followed a reverse-order dietary regime. Oral sensory perception and motor ability were assessed by the oral stereognosis test and a test for oral motor ability. There was a greater trend for subjects to have more plaque on their teeth when they were on the high-sucrose diet, even when normal oral hygiene procedures were taken. There were no significant correlations between the state of oral hygiene and levels of oral sensory perception and motor ability. These results do not support the hypothesis that subjects with high levels of oral sensory perception and motor ability are likely to achieve better oral hygiene.
  6. Fulltext Effects of water-based contrast media on experimentally induced established atherosclerotic plaques in rabbits.
    Isa MR, Mohd Noor N, Nawawi H, Kaur M., Rahman T, Mohd Kornain NK, et al.
    IIUM Medical Journal Malaysia, 2020;19(2):21-28.
    MyJurnal
    Imaging techniques involving optical coherence tomography, computed tomography (CT) and high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are used as tools to identify atherosclerotic plaques. However, the effects of water-based contrast media used in Post Mortem Computed Tomography Angiography (PMCTA) on the histopathology of atherosclerotic plaques have not been widely explored. The objective of this study is to determine the effects of water-based contrast media used in PMCTA on the histopathology of atherosclerotic plaques and biomarkers of atherosclerosis in experimentally induced established atherosclerotic rabbits. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty male New Zealand white rabbits were divided into 2 groups. One group was given a high cholesterol diet (HCD) for 12 weeks to establish atherosclerosis and the control group normal diet (ND). Five rabbits from each group were then given intravenous water-based contrast media before being sacrificed. The entire length of aorta was dissected and submitted for histopathological examination and determination of tissue biomarkers α-SMA and MMP-9. RESULTS:Histopathological examination of the aorta including percentage of area covered by plaque and foam cell formation showed no significant difference in atheromatous plaque formation in both groups of HCD rabbits with or without intravenous contrast media injection (plaque: 55±41 vs. 63±15, p=0.731; foam cells: 124±83 vs. 171±55, p=0.325). Similarly, α-SMA and MMP-9 protein expression also showed no significant difference in both groups (α-SMA: 70±20 vs. 67±26, p=0.807; MMP-9: 60±12 vs. 57±17, p=0.785). CONCLUSION:Water-based contrast media used in PMCTA does not affect the morphology or the immunohistochemistry staining of SMA and MMP-9 in atherosclerotic plaques.
  7. Fulltext Effect of domestic cooking methods on physicochemical, nutritional and sensory properties of different varieties of brown rice from Southern Thailand and Malaysia
    Chapagai, M. K., Wan Rosli ,W. I., Wan Manan, W. M., Jalil, R. A., Karrila, T., Pinkaew, S.
    International Food Research Journal, 2017;24(3):1140-1147.
    MyJurnal
    Consumption of brown rice is increasing on account of higher nutritional components such as
    vitamins, minerals, fibres and antioxidants than white rice. However, the effect of domestic
    cooking methods on nutritional attributes of brown rice is not well-characterized. Hence, this
    study aimed to investigate the effect of cooking methods; pressure cooker (PC) and rice cooker
    (RC) on physicochemical, nutritional and sensory properties of brown rice from five different
    varieties: Sungyod (SY), Chiang (CH), and Lepnok (LP) of Thai and long grain LS1 and LS2 of
    Malaysian origin. Peak viscosity (PV) and final viscosity (FV) among uncooked samples were
    significantly different except for LS1 and LS2. Between cooking methods, protein content (8.17
    – 10.14%) was significantly different (p < 0.05) except in SY, LS1 and LS2 varieties whereas fat
    (1.74 – 2.71%) and ash content (1.15 – 1.46%) showed significant difference (p < 0.05) only
    in LP and SY varieties. Loss of iron was significantly higher in RC method than PC method
    but zinc and thiamine was insignificant. The LS1 and LS2 cooked in PC was significantly
    softer (p < 0.05) than cooked in RC. Hardness of PC cooked rice was correlated with PV (r
    = –0.965), breakdown viscosity (r = –0.973), setback viscosity (r = –0.944) at p < 0.01 and
    pasting temperature (r = 0.89, p < 0.05) of uncooked brown rice flours. Overall, PC was found
    better over RC in terms of cooking time, textural properties, nutrients and sensory attributes.
  8. Fetal Atrial Ectopic Rhythm Detected Using Handheld Doppler
    Mohd Jalil R, Radzi NS, Yahaya Z, Muhar M
    Malays Fam Physician, 2020;15(1):50-53.
    PMID: 32284806
    Atrial ectopic rhythm is one of the most common fetal arrhythmias that can present during the prenatal period. Detection of fetal arrhythmia can be made by auscultating fetal heart rate and rhythm using a fetal handheld Doppler, and this can be done even in a resource-limited setting. The finding of an abnormal fetal heart rate and rhythm should prompt early referral to a pediatric cardiologist, as this may improve clinical outcomes. We present a case of atrial ectopic rhythm detected in utero using a handheld Doppler.
  9. Conversion from Sandimmune to Neoral in patients with stable renal allograft function: UHKL experience
    Goh BL, Jalil R, Koh SN, Chua CT, Tan SY
    Transplant Proc, 1998 Nov;30(7):3535-6.
    PMID: 9838548
  10. Application of Nanotechnology in Wood-Based Products Industry: A Review
    Jasmani L, Rusli R, Khadiran T, Jalil R, Adnan S
    Nanoscale Res Lett, 2020 Nov 04;15(1):207.
    PMID: 33146807 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-020-03438-2
    Wood-based industry is one of the main drivers of economic growth in Malaysia. Forest being the source of various lignocellulosic materials has many untapped potentials that could be exploited to produce sustainable and biodegradable nanosized material that possesses very interesting features for use in wood-based industry itself or across many different application fields. Wood-based products sector could also utilise various readily available nanomaterials to enhance the performance of existing products or to create new value added products from the forest. This review highlights recent developments in nanotechnology application in the wood-based products industry.
  11. Breast milk expression among formally employed women in urban and rural Malaysia: A qualitative study
    Ismail TA, Sulaiman Z, Jalil R, Muda WM, Man NN
    Int Breastfeed J, 2012;7(1):11.
    PMID: 22929649
    Many women are unable to practice exclusive breastfeeding because they are separated from their infants while working. Expressing their breast milk helps them to continue breastfeeding. This study explores the perception and experiences related to the feasibility, acceptability and safety of breast milk expression among formally employed women in Kelantan, Malaysia.
  12. Porous carboxymethyl cellulose carbon of lignocellulosic based materials incorporated manganese oxide for supercapacitor application
    Ali MSM, Zainal Z, Hussein MZ, Wahid MH, Bahrudin NN, Muzakir MM, et al.
    Int J Biol Macromol, 2021 Jun 01;180:654-666.
    PMID: 33722623 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.03.054
    The present work developed porous carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) carbon film from lignocellulosic based materials as supercapacitor electrode. Porous CMC carbon films of bamboo (B) and oil palm empty fruit bunch (O) were prepared through simple incipient wetness impregnation method followed by calcination process before incorporation with manganese oxide (Mn2O3). The carbonization produced porous CMC carbon whereby CMCB exhibited higher surface area than CMCO. After Mn2O3 incorporation, the crystallite size of CMCB and CMCO were calculated as 50.09 nm and 42.76 nm, respectively whereas Mn2O3/CMCB and Mn2O3/CMCO composite films were revealed to be 26.71 nm and 35.60 nm in size, respectively. Comparatively, the Mn2O3/CMCB composite film exhibited higher electrochemical performance which was 31.98 mF cm-2 as compared to 24.15 mF cm-2 by Mn2O3/CMCO composite film and both CMC carbon films with fairly stable cycling stability after 1000 charge-discharge cycles. Therefore, it can be highlighted that Mn2O3/CMC composite film as prepared from bamboo and oil palm fruit can potentially become the new electrode materials for supercapacitor application.
  13. Socioeconomic Status and Glycemic Index Among Punjabis in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: Possible Association with Metabolic Syndrome
    Kaur S, Yim HS, Abdul Jalil R, Mohd-Yusof BN, Jan Mohamed HJ
    J Immigr Minor Health, 2018 Dec;20(6):1380-1386.
    PMID: 29603090 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-018-0731-8
    There are only limited reports on Punjabi's health status in Malaysia. This cross-sectional study assessed the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (Mets) and its risk factors among 277 subjects recruited from the Malaysian Punjabi community. Overall prevalence of Mets was 43%, but 61% among females. Subjects classified with Mets had significantly (p 
  14. Fulltext Association between household food insecurity and nutritional outcomes among children in Northeastern of Peninsular Malaysia
    Ali Naser I, Jalil R, Wan Muda WM, Wan Nik WS, Mohd Shariff Z, Abdullah MR
    Nutr Res Pract, 2014 Jun;8(3):304-11.
    PMID: 24944776 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2014.8.3.304
    BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the study was to investigate the relationship between household food insecurity and nutritional status of children in low-income households. A cross sectional study involved a survey of households (n = 223) receiving the financial assistance.
    SUBJECTS/METHODS: Eligible mothers that fulfilled the inclusion criteria such as non-pregnant, non-lactating mothers, aged 18 to 55 years with their youngest children aged 2 to 12 years, were purposively selected. The Radimer/Cornell hunger and food-insecurity instrument was administered and children's height and weight were measured.
    RESULTS: About 16.1% of the households were food secure, while 83.9% experienced some kind of food insecurity. Out of food insecure category, 29.6% households were food insecure, 19.3% women were individual food insecure and 35.0% fell into the child hunger category. Education of the mother (P = 0.047), household size (P = 0.024), number of children (P = 0.024), number of children going to school (P = 0.048), total monthly income (P < 0.001), income per capital (P < 0.001), number of household members contributing to the income (P = 0.018) and food expenditure (P = 0.006) were significant risk factors for household food insecurity. The prevalence of underweight, stunting and wasting in children were 61.0%, 61.4% and 30.6% respectively. Based on multinomial logistic regression, children in food-insecure households were 2.15 times more likely to be underweight and three times to be stunted than children in the food-secure households.
    CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that household food insecurity is associated with the nutritional status of the children in the rural area of Northeastern Peninsular Malaysia.
    KEYWORDS: Northeastern Peninsular Malaysia; child hunger; household food insecurity; nutritional status
  15. Fulltext Efficient adsorption of organic pollutants phthalates and bisphenol A (BPA) utilizing magnetite functionalized covalent organic frameworks (MCOFs): A promising future material for industrial applications
    Devi T, Saleh NM, Kamarudin NHN, Roslan NJ, Jalil R, Hamid HA
    Ecotoxicol Environ Saf, 2023 Dec;268:115706.
    PMID: 37992639 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115706
    The utilization of phthalates and bisphenol A (BPA) as the major component in plastic and its derivative industry has raised concerns among the public due to the harmful effects caused by these organic pollutants. These pollutants are found to exhibit unique physicochemical properties that allow the pollutants to have prolonged existence in the environment, thus causing damage to the environment. Since phthalates and bisphenol A are used in a variety of industrial applications, the industry must recover these compounds from its water before releasing the pollutants into the environment. As a result, these materials have a promising future in industrial applications. Therefore, the discovery of new quick and reliable abatement technologies is important to ensure that these organic pollutants can be detected and removed from the water sources. This review highlights the use of the adsorption method to remove phthalates and BPA from water sources by employing novel modified adsorbent magnetite functionalized covalent organic frameworks (MCOFs). MCOFs is a new class of porous materials that have demonstrated promising features in a variety of applications due to their adaptable structures, significant surface areas, configurable porosity, and customizable chemistry. The structural attributes, functional design strategies, and specialized for environmental applications before offering some closing thoughts and suggestions for further research were discussed in this paper in addition to developing an innovative solution for the industry to the accessibility for clean water.
  16. Validity and reliability of the Malay version of WHO Women's Health and Life Experiences Questionnaire
    Saddki N, Sulaiman Z, Ali SH, Tengku Hassan TN, Abdullah S, Ab Rahman A, et al.
    J Interpers Violence, 2013 Aug;28(12):2557-80.
    PMID: 23508088 DOI: 10.1177/0886260513479029
    The Women's Health and Life Experiences questionnaire measures the prevalence, health implications, and risk factors for domestic violence. This cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the validity and reliability of the Malay version of World Health Organization (WHO) Women's Health and Life Experiences Questionnaire. Construct validity and reliability assessment of the Malay version of the questionnaire was done on 20 specific items that measure four types of intimate partner violence (IPV) act; controlling behaviors (CB), emotional violence (EV), physical violence (PV), and sexual violence (SV), which were considered as the domains of interest. Face-to-face interviewing method was used for data collection. A total of 922 women completed the interviews. The results showed that exploratory factor analysis of four factors with eigenvalues above 1 accounted for 63.83% of the variance. Exploratory factor analysis revealed that all items loaded above 0.40 and the majority of items loaded on factors that were generally consistent with the proposed construct. The internal consistency reliability was good. The Cronbach's α values ranged from 0.767 to 0.858 across domains. The Malay version of WHO Women's Health and Life Experiences Questionnaire is a valid and reliable measure of women's health and experiences of IPV in Malaysia.
  17. Fulltext Incorporation of Hydroxyapatite into Glass Ionomer Cement (GIC) Formulated Based on Alumino-Silicate-Fluoride Glass Ceramics from Waste Materials
    Wan Jusoh WN, Matori KA, Mohd Zaid MH, Zainuddin N, Ahmad Khiri MZ, Abdul Rahman NA, et al.
    Materials (Basel), 2021 Feb 18;14(4).
    PMID: 33670465 DOI: 10.3390/ma14040954
    Glass ionomer cement (GIC) is a well-known restorative material applied in dentistry. The present work aims to study the effect of hydroxyapatite (HA) addition into GIC based on physical, mechanical and structural properties. The utilization of waste materials namely clam shell (CS) and soda lime silica (SLS) glass as replacements for the respective CaO and SiO2 sources in the fabrication of alumino-silicate-fluoride (ASF) glass ceramics powder. GIC was formulated based on ASF glass ceramics, polyacrylic acid (PAA) and deionized water, while 1 wt.% of HA powder was added to enhance the properties of the cement samples. The cement samples were subjected to four different ageing times before being analyzed. In this study, the addition of HA caused an increment in density and compressive strength results along with ageing time. Besides, X-ray Diffraction (XRD) revealed the formation of fluorohydroxyapatite (FHA) phase in HA-added GIC samples and it was confirmed by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis which detected OH‒F vibration mode. In addition, needle-like and agglomeration of spherical shapes owned by apatite crystals were observed from Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM). Based on Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis, the detection of chemical elements in the cement samples were originated from chemical compounds used in the preparation of glass ceramics powder and also the polyacid utilized in initiating the reaction of GIC.
  18. Fulltext Maternal Obesity and Its Associated Factors and Outcomes in Klang Valley, Malaysia: Findings from National Obstetric Registry
    Shahrir NF, Abdul Jalil R, R Jeganathan JR, Devi Karalasingam S, Mohd Nordin N, Abdullah MF, et al.
    Malays Fam Physician, 2021 Nov 30;16(3):56-67.
    PMID: 34938393 DOI: 10.51866/oa1138
    Introduction: Maternal obesity presents significant health risks to mothers and their fetuses. This study aimed to determine the proportion, associated factors and outcomes of maternal obesity among pregnant women in Klang Valley, Malaysia.

    Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted between January 2018 and March 2018 using secondary data from the Malaysian National Obstetric Registry (NOR) for the year 2015. All pregnant women with first-trimester booking at 12 weeks and below that were registered with the NOR and met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in the study. Descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regression analysis were used. Data were analysed using SPSS version 22.0. A total of 2113 respondents were included in this study to determine the proportion, associated factors and outcomes of maternal obesity. Regarding the univariate and multivariate analyses, respondents were classified into two groups: normal and obese. The obese group comprised overweight and obese mothers. The underweight group was excluded in the subsequent analysis.

    Results: Out of the 2113 respondents, 7.1% were underweight, 41.7% were of normal weight, 28.6% were overweight, 15.9% were in obese class I, 4.6% were in obese class II, and 2.1% were in obese class III according to the WHO (1995) reference. However, when the MOH (2003) cutoff point was used, there was a marked increase in the proportion of respondents in the overweight categories by 2.7% and obesity class I by 12.8%. The Indian (AdjOR 2.06, 95% CI: 1.11, 3.83, p=0.021) and Malay (AdjOR 1.75, 95% CI: 1.02, 3.00, p=0.040) ethnicities, as well as both multiparity (AdjOR 1.46, 95% CI: 1.23, 1.73, p <0.001) and grand multiparity (AdjOR 2.41, 95% CI: 1.78, 3.26, p <0.001), were significantly associated with maternal obesity. There were significant association between maternal obesity with hypertensive disorder in pregnancy (p=0.025), caesarean section delivery (p=0.002) and macrosomic infant (p <0.001).

    Conclusion: The identification of risk factors for maternal obesity is important to facilitate intervention programmes focused on improving the pregnancy outcomes for a high-risk group of women.

  19. Fulltext A review of the discussions on cultivated meat from the Islamic perspective
    Hamdan MN, Abdul Jalil R, Ramli MA, Ramli N, Ibrahim MNA, Ab Rahman MF, et al.
    Heliyon, 2024 Apr 15;10(7):e28491.
    PMID: 38601623 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28491
    Since the introduction of the cultivated meat burger in 2013, numerous discussions have transpired between researchers and consumers, manifesting in various forms such as academic publications, opinions on personal websites and interactions on social platforms. For Muslim consumers, a primary concern revolves around the halal status of cultivated meat, given the pivotal role of adhering to a halal diet as a divine obligation in their lives. Therefore, this article seeks to systematically review the existing literature on cultivated meat from an Islamic perspective as articulated by Muslim scholars, whether these perspectives are issued by an established fatwa organisation or representations of personal views. The sources incorporated into this analysis span from academic publications, newspaper articles, fatwa bodies, personal websites and interviews. Employing thematic analysis, five principal themes were discerned within the discourse among Muslim scholars regarding cultivated meat: (i) the ontological status of cultivated meat, (ii) the status and source of stem cells used in the cultivation process, (iii) the theological implications of cultivated meat production on altering God's creation, (iv) foundational principles for halal cultivated meat production, and (v) the contemporary necessity of cultivated meat from the perspective of al-maqasid al-shariah. It is duly recommended that international fatwa organisations such as the International Islamic Fiqh Academy (IIFA) engage in discussions and deliberations on this matter of growing significance within the food industry. The fatwas and resolutions issued by IIFA are frequently cited as the most recognised authority in many Islamic countries.
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