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  1. Factors associated with unsuccessful quitters in stop smoking services in Perlis, Malaysia
    Ikhwan MI, Hamid NA, Nor Izwana H
    Med J Malaysia, 2022 Jan;77(1):47-52.
    PMID: 35086994
    INTRODUCTION: Tobacco smoking is one of major risk factor of non-communicable disease worldwide. As a prevention strategy, stop smoking services has been advocated at primary care. However, evidence suggests that worldwide there is high rate of unsuccessful quitters. In Malaysia, such evidence has come from small studies or single site study, and evidence on factors associated with failure to quit is scarce. This study aimed to identify the factors associated with unsuccessful quitters among smokers in Stop Smoking Services provided by government health clinics at North Peninsular of Malaysia.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a retrospective study record review using data from the Stop Smoking Services registry and patient file card between January 2017 and Jun 2019. Independent variables included in this analysis are sociodemographic data, comorbidity, number appointments attended, duration of smoking, age of starting smoking, previous attempt to quit, fagerstrom score and type of treatment. The outcome of interest, is unsuccessful quitters defined as those who continued to smoke at 6 months after attending the service. A total of 427 sample randomly cases selected from 490 eligible sample was analysed. Logistic regression was used to model factors associated with unsuccessful quitters.

    RESULTS: The study suggested that clients who attended 0-3 clinic sessions (AdjOR 6.57; 95% CI: 4.14, 10.43) and being single, unmarried (AdjOR: 2.78; 95%CI: 1.07, 7.18) was associated with increased risk of being unsuccessful quitters among smokers in Northern state of Malaysia CONCLUSION: The number of clinic sessions attended and marital status were factors associated with unsuccessful quitters among smokers in the State of Perlis, of Malaysia.

  2. Fulltext Numerical study of tides in the Malacca Strait with a 3-D model
    Haditiar Y, Putri MR, Ismail N, Muchlisin ZA, Ikhwan M, Rizal S
    Heliyon, 2020 Sep;6(9):e04828.
    PMID: 32939416 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04828
    Malacca Strait (MS) has an important role and potential for many countries. It is a major transportation route for oil and commodities across continents. In addition, various activities such as shipping, fishing, aquaculture, oil drilling, and energy are also carried out in MS. Tides strongly affect the MS environment so that it becomes a major parameter in MS management. This paper is the first study, which presents MS tidal hydrodynamics based on a baroclinic and nonhydrostatic approach. Tidal hydrodynamics in MS and the surrounding waters were assessed using tidal forces, temperature, salinity, and density. This study analyzes the amplitude, phase, current ellipses, and semi-major axis of the tides. These variables are obtained from the simulation results of the three-dimensional numerical models of M2 tides and combined tides (M2, S2, N2, K1, and O1) with nonhydrostatic models. Then the results obtained are verified by observation data. Amplitude and phase of the tidal wave in MS originate from two directions, namely the northern part of MS (Andaman Sea) and the South China Sea (SCS). Tides from the north of MS propagate into the MS, while tides from the SCS travel to Singapore Waters (SW) and the south of MS. This causes a complex residual flow in SW and shoaling in the middle of MS. Shoaling in the middle of MS is characterized by a large amplitude and semi-major, as in B. Siapiapi. The results of this analysis show that tidal waves are dominated by semidiurnal types rather than diurnal types. The M2 current ellipse has dominantly anticlockwise rotation along the west of the MS, while along the east of MS, it has generally a clockwise rotation.
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