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Letter to the editor concerning "Time to surgery: Is it truly crucial in initially stable patients with penetrating injury?"

Chen TH, Hsiao CH, Hsieh SL, Shin SD, Jamaluddin SF, Chiang WC, et al.

Injury, 2021 11;52(11):3528-3529.
PMID: 34275643 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2021.07.003
Association between the time to definitive care and trauma patient outcomes: every minute in the golden hour matters

Hsieh SL, Hsiao CH, Chiang WC, Shin SD, Jamaluddin SF, Son DN, et al.

Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg, 2021 Nov 25.
PMID: 34825274 DOI: 10.1007/s00068-021-01816-8

PURPOSE: This study examined the association between lapsed time and trauma patients, suggesting that a shorter time to definitive care leads to a better outcome.
METHODS: We used the Pan-Asian Trauma Outcome Study registry to analyze a retrospective cohort of 963 trauma patients who received surgical intervention or transarterial embolization within 2 h of injury in Asian countries between January 2016 and December 2020. Exposure measurement was recorded every 30 min from injury to definitive care. The 30 day mortality rate and functional outcome were studied using the Modified Rankin Scale ratings of 0-3 vs 4-6 for favorable vs poor functional outcomes, respectively. Subgroup analyses of different injury severities and patterns were performed.
RESULTS: The mean time from injury to definitive care was 1.28 ± 0.69 h, with cases categorized into the following subgroups:
Traumatic retinal detachment: A contemporary update

Chauhan K, Dave VP, de Ribot FM, Agrawal R, Sallam AB, Andayani G, et al.

Surv Ophthalmol, 2024 Aug 31.
PMID: 39222801 DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2024.08.008

Retinal detachment following ocular trauma (TrRD) is one of the leading causes of blindness and visual impairment worldwide. In the absence of a standardized definition, the diagnosis of traumatic retinal detachment relies on identifying a history of trauma that precedes the detachment. There is an increasing pool of data regarding the etiology and epidemiology of TrRD.Various causes of TrRD mentioned in the literature include work-related eye trauma in construction and manufacturing industries, sports injuries, explosive eye injuries, road traffic accidents, and intraocular foreign bodies. Although there is extensive literature on post-trauma retinal detachments, a comprehensive discussion of its pathogenesis, management, outcomes, and complications is lacking. This article offers an in-depth review of the epidemiology, risk factors, pathogenesis, diagnosis, management, and outcomes of TrRD based on the current literature. A literature review was conducted in PubMed and Google Scholar using the keywords 'ocular trauma,' 'traumatic retinal detachments,' 'open globe injury,' 'closed globe injury,' and 'post-traumatic retinal detachment.'
Fulltext Discriminant ability of the shock index, modified shock index, and reverse shock index multiplied by the Glasgow coma scale on mortality in adult trauma patients: a PATOS retrospective cohort study

Chen TH, Wu MY, Do Shin S, Jamaluddin SF, Son DN, Hong KJ, et al.

Int J Surg, 2023 May 01;109(5):1231-1238.
PMID: 37222717 DOI: 10.1097/JS9.0000000000000287

BACKGROUND: The shock index (SI) predicts short-term mortality in trauma patients. Other shock indices have been developed to improve discriminant accuracy. The authors examined the discriminant ability of the SI, modified SI (MSI), and reverse SI multiplied by the Glasgow Coma Scale (rSIG) on short-term mortality and functional outcomes.
METHODS: The authors evaluated a cohort of adult trauma patients transported to emergency departments. The first vital signs were used to calculate the SI, MSI, and rSIG. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves and test results were used to compare the discriminant performance of the indices on short-term mortality and poor functional outcomes. A subgroup analysis of geriatric patients with traumatic brain injury, penetrating injury, and nonpenetrating injury was performed.
RESULTS: A total of 105 641 patients (49±20 years, 62% male) met the inclusion criteria. The rSIG had the highest areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve for short-term mortality (0.800, CI: 0.791-0.809) and poor functional outcome (0.596, CI: 0.590-0.602). The cutoff for rSIG was 18 for short-term mortality and poor functional outcomes with sensitivities of 0.668 and 0.371 and specificities of 0.805 and 0.813, respectively. The positive predictive values were 9.57% and 22.31%, and the negative predictive values were 98.74% and 89.97%. rSIG also had better discriminant ability in geriatrics, traumatic brain injury, and nonpenetrating injury.
CONCLUSION: The rSIG with a cutoff of 18 was accurate for short-term mortality in Asian adult trauma patients. Moreover, rSIG discriminates poor functional outcomes better than the commonly used SI and MSI.