MyMedR

Biodiesel production from Jatropha oil by catalytic and non-catalytic approaches: an overview

Juan JC, Kartika DA, Wu TY, Hin TY

Bioresour Technol, 2011 Jan;102(2):452-60.

PMID: 21094045 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.09.093

Biodiesel (fatty acids alkyl esters) is a promising alternative fuel to replace petroleum-based diesel that is obtained from renewable sources such as vegetable oil, animal fat and waste cooking oil. Vegetable oils are more suitable source for biodiesel production compared to animal fats and waste cooking since they are renewable in nature. However, there is a concern that biodiesel production from vegetable oil would disturb the food market. Oil from Jatropha curcas is an acceptable choice for biodiesel production because it is non-edible and can be easily grown in a harsh environment. Moreover, alkyl esters of jatropha oil meet the standard of biodiesel in many countries. Thus, the present paper provides a review on the transesterification methods for biodiesel production using jatropha oil as feedstock.

Microwave-assisted synthesis of Zn/Al layered double hydroxide-(anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonate) nanocomposite

bin Hussein MZ, Zainal Z, Hin TY, Tat OW

J Microw Power Electromagn Energy, 2001;36(2):113-9.

PMID: 15040529

Nanocomposites of Zn/Al-layered double hydroxide(anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonate) were synthesized by spontaneous direct assembly of inorganic and organic phases from aqueous solution. Powder X-ray diffraction patterns showed that a pure, single nanocomposite phase of good crystallinity was obtained using 1.0 M antraquinone-2,6-disulfonate ion (AQ26) and aging at 80 degrees C using conventional heating for 7 days or 0.5 h under microwave radiation, and these samples are denoted as ZAAN26C or ZAAN26MH, respectively. Zn/Al-nitrate-layered double hydroxide synthesized by a conventional method (ZANLC) showed a basal spacing of 8.3 A while both the nanocomposites showed 18.8 A as a result of AQ26 intercalation. FTIR study showed that the resulting nanocomposites are free from nitrate, the co-anion present in the mother liquor, indicating that only AQ26 is preferred during intercalation for the formation of the nanocomposite. The Brunauer, Emmet and Teller (BET) and micropore surface areas for ZAAN26C decreased relative to the ZANLC from 16.2 to 4.7 and 1.6 to 1.3 m2/g, respectively. These results indicate that AQ26 can be rapidly interdcalated in layered double hydroxide using microwave-aging resulting in a nanocomposite.

Microminutinin: A Novel Coumarin from Micromelum minutum

Rahmani M, Hin TY, Ismail HB, Sukari MA, Manas AR

Planta Med, 1993 Feb;59(1):93-4.

PMID: 17230343

Bioactive sesquiterpenes from Curcuma ochrorhiza and Curcuma heyneana

Aspollah Sukari M, Wah TS, Saad SM, Rashid NY, Rahmani M, Lajis NH, et al.

Nat Prod Res, 2010 May;24(9):838-45.

PMID: 20461629 DOI: 10.1080/14786410903052951

Curcuma ochrorhiza ('temu putih') and C. heyneana ('temu giring') are two Zingiberaceous species which are commonly used in traditional medicine in Malaysia and Indonesia. Phytochemical investigations on these Curcuma species have resulted in the isolation of six sesquiterpenes, namely zerumbone (1), furanodienone (2), zederone (3), oxycurcumenol epoxide (4), curcumenol (5) and isocurcumenol (6), along with phytosterols stigmasterol and alpha-sitosterol. Compounds 1 and 2 were obtained for the first time for C. ochrorhiza while 4 was new to C. heyneana. The hexane extract of C. ochrorhiza and sesquiterpenes 1 and 3 showed very strong cytotoxicity activity against T-acute lymphoblastic leukaemia cells (CEM-SS), with IC(50) values of 6.0, 0.6 and 1.6 microg mL(-1), respectively. Meanwhile, constituents from C. heyneana (4-6) demonstrated moderate inhibition against CEM-SS in cytotoxic assay, with IC(50) values of 11.9, 12.6 and 13.3 microg mL(-1), respectively. The crude extracts and sesquiterpenes isolated were moderately active against certain bacteria tested in antimicrobial screening.

Fulltext Synthesis of (cinnamate-zinc layered hydroxide) intercalation compound for sunscreen application

Mohsin SM, Hussein MZ, Sarijo SH, Fakurazi S, Arulselvan P, Hin TY

Chem Cent J, 2013 Feb 06;7(1):26.

PMID: 23383738 DOI: 10.1186/1752-153X-7-26

BACKGROUND: Zinc layered hydroxide (ZLH) intercalated with cinnamate, an anionic form of cinnamic acid (CA), an efficient UVA and UVB absorber, have been synthesized by direct method using zinc oxide (ZnO) and cinnamic acid as the precursor.

RESULTS: The resulting obtained intercalation compound, ZCA, showed a basal spacing of 23.9 Å as a result of cinnamate intercalated in a bilayer arrangement between the interlayer spaces of ZLH with estimated percentage loading of cinnamate of about 40.4 % w/w. The UV-vis absorption spectrum of the intercalation compound showed excellent UVA and UVB absorption ability. Retention of cinnamate in ZLH interlayers was tested against media usually came across with sunscreen usage to show low release over an extended period of time. MTT assay of the intercalation compound on human dermal fibroblast (HDF) cells showed cytotoxicity of ZCA to be concentration dependent and is overall less toxic than its precursor, ZnO.

CONCLUSIONS: (Cinnamate-zinc layered hydroxide) intercalation compound is suitable to be used as a safe and effective sunscreen with long UV protection effect.

Evaluation of Controlled-Release Property and Phytotoxicity Effect of Insect Pheromone Zinc-Layered Hydroxide Nanohybrid Intercalated with Hexenoic Acid

Ahmad R, Hussein MZ, Kadir WR, Sarijo SH, Hin TY

J Agric Food Chem, 2015 Dec 30;63(51):10893-902.

PMID: 26501358 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b03102

A controlled release formulation for the insect pheromone hexenoic acid (HE) was successfully developed using zinc-layered hydroxide (ZLH) as host material through a simple coprecipitation technique, resulting in the formation of inorganic-organic nanolayered material with sustained release properties. The release of HE from its nanohybrid was found to occur in a controlled manner, governed by a pseudo-second order kinetics model. The maximum amount of HE released from the nanocomposite into solutions at pH 4, 6.5, and 8 was found to be 84, 73, and 83% for 1100 min, respectively. The hexenoate zinc-layered hydroxide nanomaterial (HEN) was found to be nontoxic for plants when green beans and wheat seeds were successfully germinated in all HEN concentrations tested in the experiment, with higher percentage of seed germination and higher radical seed growth as compared to its counter anion, HE. ZLH can be a promising carrier for insect pheromone toward a new generation of environmentally safe pesticide nanomaterial for crop protection.

A new flavonoid and sulphur-containing amides from Glycosmis chlorosperma

Rahmani M, Leng KW, Ismail HB, Hin TY, Sukari MA, Ali AM, et al.

Nat Prod Res, 2004 Feb;18(1):85-8.

PMID: 14974620

A new flavonoid, dihydroglychalcone-A, was isolated from the leaves extract of Glycosmis chlorosperma in addition to two known sulphur-containing amides, dambullin and gerambullin. The structure of the new compound was assigned as 2'-hydroxy-4,6'-dimethoxy-3',4'-(2",2"-dimethylpyrano)dihydrochalcone. The extract of the leaves was also found to exhibit antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities.

Coumarins from Malaysian Micromelum minutum

Rahmani M, Susidarti RA, Ismail HB, Sukari MA, Hin TY, Lian GE, et al.

Phytochemistry, 2003 Oct;64(4):873-7.

PMID: 14559284

In a continuation of our study of the Rutaceae, detailed chemical investigation on Micromelum minutum (Rutaceae) collected from Sepilok, Sabah, Malaysia gave four new coumarins. The structures of the coumarins have been fully characterised by spectroscopic methods as 3",4"-dihydrocapnolactone 1, 2',3'-epoxyisocapnolactone 2, 8-hydroxyisocapnolactone-2',3'-diol 3 and 8-hydroxy-3",4"-dihydrocapnolactone-2',3'-diol 4.

DPPH free radical scavenger components from the fruits of Alpinia rafflesiana Wall. ex. Bak. (Zingiberaceae)

Mohamad H, Abas F, Permana D, Lajis NH, Ali AM, Sukari MA, et al.

Z Naturforsch C J Biosci, 2005 1 26;59(11-12):811-5.

PMID: 15666539

The methanol extract of the dried ripe fruits of Alpinia rafflesiana was investigated for its DPPH free radical scavenger constituents. 2',3',4',6'-Tetrahydroxychalcone (7), which has never been isolated from natural sources was found to be most active as a DPPH free radical scavenger with the IC50 value of 55 microM. Other known compounds isolated from this species include 5,6-dehydrokawain (1), flavokawin B (2). 1,7-diphenyl-5-hydroxy-6-hepten-3-one (3), (-)-pinocembrin (4), cardamonin (5) and (-)-pinostrobin (6). The DPPH free radical scavenger compounds were detected using TLC autographic analysis. The percentage inhibition of DPPH free radical scavenging activity was measured on isolates (5-7) using colorimetric analysis.

A new coumarin and triterpenes from Malaysian Micromelum minutum

Asmah Susidarti R, Rahmani M, Ismail HB, Sukari MA, Yun Hin TY, Ee Cheng Lian G, et al.

Nat Prod Res, 2006 Feb;20(2):145-51.

PMID: 16319008

A new coumarin, 8,4''-dihydroxy-3'',4''-dihydrocapnolactone-2',3'-diol (1) and two known triterpenes, 5(6)-gluten-3-one (2) and 5(6)-gluten-3alpha-ol (3) were isolated from the leaves of Micromelum minutum (Rutaceae) collected from Sepilok, Sabah, Malaysia and their structures were characterized by spectroscopic methods.

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