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Fulltext Validity and reliability of questionnaire to measure usability of a self-learning module using the rasch measurement model

Mat Salleh, N.S., Din, R., Abdul Manaf, S.Z., Hamdan, A., Karim, A.A.

Journal of Advanced Research Design, 2015;8(1):1-11.
MyJurnal

A questionnaire Usability Self Learning Module is developed to measure the overall
development of the learning module Adobe Photoshop constructs involving three modules, module’s
usability, applying theory of the cognitive load and minimalist. The study was conducted to produce
empirical data on the reliability and validity of the Usability of Adobe Photoshop’s Module
questionnaire using the Rasch Measurement Model. A survey was conducted on 120 participants who
attended the course Adobe Photoshop using the modules studied. The questionnaire is distributed
using one of the Web 2.0 technology platform, Google Docs. The reliability and validity of the
Usability Adobe Photoshop’s module questionnaire were tested with the Rasch Measurement Model
using the Winstep version 3.69.1.11 program.The Rasch analysis showed that person reliability index
is 0.87 and item reliability of 0.94. In term of item polarity, each item was able to contribute to
measuring the effectiveness of the learning module development measurement since the PTMEA
CORR exceeded 0.30, in specific between 0.50 to 0.78. There are 27 items in the questionnaire, which
is divided into 3 different constructs. Each construct contains 7 to 11 items. The unidimensionality test
conducted showed standardized residuals variance of 49.8%, with the biggest secondary dimension
in the first constrast amounting variance of 6.5%. Item fit analysis showed that none of the items
needed to be dropped since infit mean square values are between 0.73 and 1.39, and the outfit mean
square values are between 0.70 and 1.40. Items in the questionnaires are ordered in a continuum of
increasing intensity for the measurement of the Usability of Module construct. This shows the validity
of the constructs in Usability of the module.The Rasch Measurement Model shows that the Usability
of the Module has a high reliability and validity to be used for measuring the usability of the module
and the application of cognitive load theory and the theory of minimalism
Fulltext The usage of computers and internet web 2.0 in generation Y among university students (Penggunaan komputer dan internet Web 2.0 dalam kalangan generasi Y pelajar universiti)

Abdul Manaf, S.Z., Din, R., Hamdan, A., Mat Salleh, N.S., Kamsin, I.F., Abdul Aziz, J.

Journal of Advanced Research Design, 2015;7(1):10-18.
MyJurnal

At present, the learning activities carried out is in line with the rapid growth of development of technology and lifestyle. ICT literacy is categorised as those who can operate a computer and Internet. This study is conducted to determine the level of computer and Internet literacy in generation Y. A total of ten respondents among university students were interviewed. The level of the skill is measured in terms of the use of information processing systems and the Internet. The new knowledge addresses the themes in information communication technology literacy namely; defining, accessing, assessing, managing, integrating, creating and passing data. As such, the model of computer technology in education can also be produced. A more robust method of learning can be heightened by seeing the level of skills possessed by university students. The findings of this study is expected to determine the level of competence of the students and university can provide the necessary equipment to ensure effective teaching and learning.
Fulltext Trihoney reduces lipid peroxidation and enhances antioxidant enzyme activities in hypercholesterolaemic atherosclerotic rabbits

Alfarisi, H. A. H., Ibrahim, M.,, Mohamed, Z. B. H., Hamdan, A. H., Che Mohamad, C. A.

International Food Research Journal, 2020;27(3):568-575.
MyJurnal

Oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species (ROS) constitute a major pathogenic mechanism
for the development of atherosclerosis. In the present work, the antioxidant potential of
Trihoney was investigated in hypercholesterolaemic rabbits. Thirty-six male New Zealand
white (NZW) rabbits were grouped into: normal diet (C), normal diet with 0.6 g/kg/day of
Trihoney (C+H), 1% cholesterol diet (HCD), 1% cholesterol diet with 0.3 g/kg/day of
Trihoney (HCD+H1
), 1% cholesterol diet with 0.6 g/kg/day of Trihoney (HCD+H2
), and 1%
cholesterol diet with 2 mg/kg/day of atorvastatin (HCD+At.). Animals were sacrificed following 12 weeks of treatment, and their serum was analysed for oxidised-low density lipoprotein
(Ox-LDL). Serum and aortic tissue homogenate were assayed for superoxide dismutase
(SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and malondialdehyde (MDA). Hypercholesterolemia
caused a significant (p < 0.05) elevation in serum Ox-LDL and a significant (p < 0.05) reduction of antioxidant enzyme activities in serum of the HCD group. Trihoney induced a significant (p < 0.05) increase in antioxidant enzyme activities in serum as compared to the HCD
group. The high cholesterol diet suppressed both antioxidant enzymes in aortic homogenate.
Trihoney significantly (p < 0.05) enhanced both antioxidant enzymes in aortic homogenate.
Hypercholesterolemia induced a significant (p < 0.05) elevation of serum lipid peroxidation in
the HCD group. Trihoney caused a significant (p < 0.05) reduction of lipid peroxidation in
aortic homogenate. These results demonstrated that Trihoney has the potential to ameliorate
oxidative stress systemically, as well as locally in the atherosclerotic aorta.
Fulltext Effects of Nigella Sativa on Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review

Hamdan A, Haji Idrus R, Mokhtar MH

Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2019 12 05;16(24).
PMID: 31817324 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16244911

Diabetes mellitus is one of the most prevalent metabolic disorders that affect people of all genders, ages, and races. Medicinal herbs have gained wide attention from researchers and have been considered to be a beneficial adjuvant agent to oral antidiabetic drugs because of their integrated effects. Concerning the various beneficial effects of Nigella sativa, this systematic review aims to provide comprehensive information on the effects of Nigella sativa on glucose and insulin profile status in humans. A computerized database search performed through Scopus and Medline via Ebscohost with the following set of keywords: Nigella Sativa OR black seed oil OR thymoquinone OR black cumin AND diabetes mellitus OR hyperglycemia OR blood glucose OR hemoglobin A1C had returned 875 relevant articles. A total of seven articles were retrieved for further assessment and underwent data extraction to be included in this review. Nigella sativa was shown to significantly improve laboratory parameters of hyperglycemia and diabetes control after treatment with a significant fall in fasting blood glucose, blood glucose level 2 h postprandial, glycated hemoglobin, and insulin resistance, and a rise in serum insulin. In conclusion, these findings suggested that Nigella sativa could be used as an adjuvant for oral antidiabetic drugs in diabetes control.
Fulltext Reply to "Comment on: Effects of Nigella Sativa on Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review"

Hamdan A, Idrus RH, Mokhtar MH

Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2020 04 29;17(9).
PMID: 32365740 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17093111

Thank you for your interest and the comments [1] on our review article "Effects of Nigella Sativa on Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review" [2]; we believe research into natural products needs to be supported, as they are at the forefront of drug discovery [...].
Reconstruction for chronic grade-II posterior cruciate ligament deficiency in Malaysian military personnel

Ahmad S, Mahidon R, Shukur MH, Hamdan A, Kasmin M

J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong), 2014 Dec;22(3):325-8.
PMID: 25550011

To evaluate the outcome of reconstruction for chronic grade-II posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) deficiency in Malaysian military personnel.
Interspecific Cross-Mating Between Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus Laboratory Strains: Implication of Population Density on Mating Behaviors

Marcela P, Hassan AA, Hamdan A, Dieng H, Kumara TK

J Am Mosq Control Assoc, 2015 Dec;31(4):313-20.
PMID: 26675452 DOI: 10.2987/moco-31-04-313-320.1

Mating behavior between Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus, established colony strains were examined under laboratory conditions (30-cm(3) screened cages) for 5 consecutive days. The effect of selected male densities (30, 20, 10) and female density (20) on the number of swarming, mating pairs, eggs produced, and inseminated females were evaluated. Male densities significantly increased swarming behavior, mating pairs, and egg production of heterospecific females, but female insemination was reduced. Aedes aegypti males mate more readily with heterospecific females than do Ae. albopictus males. The current study suggests that Ae. aegypti males were not species-specific in mating, and if released into the field as practiced in genetically modified mosquito techniques, they may mate with both Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus females, hence reducing populations of both species by producing infertile eggs.
Incarcerated strangulated anal fibroepithelial polyp: a rare case of anorectal emergency

Nor AM, Mohamad AM, Elagili F, Hamdan A

ANZ J Surg, 2021 12;91(12):2855-2856.
PMID: 34913562 DOI: 10.1111/ans.17303
Fulltext Comparison and optimization of conventional and ultrasound-assisted solvent extraction for synthetization of lemongrass (Cymbopogon)-infused cooking oil

Lim SF, Hamdan A, David Chua SN, Lim BH

Food Sci Nutr, 2021 May;9(5):2722-2732.
PMID: 34026085 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2234

The lemongrass plant, which is widely cultivated in Asia, Australia, and Africa, has been reported to have many significant health benefits such as antimicrobial, insecticide, anticancer, fight fever, and disinfection. Therefore, it is an added benefit to have lemongrass compounds in cooking oil. This study was aimed to compare the conventional (CSE), and ultrasound-assisted solvent extraction (UASE) for citral compounds from lemongrass (Cymbopogon) leaves and to optimize the best extraction method using the response surface methodology (RSM) and ANOVA. RSM design of experiments using three types of cooking oils; palm oil, sunflower oil, and corn oil. The effect of three independent variables, which are temperature (48.2-81.8°C), extraction time (4.8-55.2 min), and solvent to leaves ratio (5.3-18.7), was investigated. The characterization of lemongrass-infused cooking oil was evaluated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis for confirmation of the citral compound extraction. This extraction process is optimized using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) for producing the lemongrass-infused cooking oil. After optimization, the UASE process gives 1.009 × 106 maximum citral area for palm oil and 1.767 × 106 maximum citral area for sunflower oil. CSE process only can give 2.025 × 105 and 2.179 × 105 citral area in the GC-MS spectrum for palm oil and sunflower oil respectively. For both the UASE and the CSE, the optimum operating conditions are 81.8°C of extraction temperature and 55.2 min of extraction time except for lemongrass-infused palm oil in the CSE process with 45 min extraction time. The optimum solvent to leaves ratio varies from 5.3:1 to 12.9:1. This study found that corn oil cannot be used as a solvent to extract lemongrass-infused cooking oil due to the insignificant changes and no citral peak. The lemongrass (Cymbopogon)-infused palm oil and sunflower oil extracted using the UASE have a higher maximum citral area than the CSE process.
Fulltext Pollination Services of Mango Flower Pollinators

Huda AN, Salmah MR, Hassan AA, Hamdan A, Razak MN

J Insect Sci, 2015;15.
PMID: 26246439 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/iev090

Measuring wild pollinator services in agricultural production is very important in the context of sustainable management. In this study, we estimated the contribution of native pollinators to mango fruit set production of two mango cultivars Mangifera indica (L). cv. 'Sala' and 'Chok Anan'. Visitation rates of pollinators on mango flowers and number of pollen grains adhering to their bodies determined pollinator efficiency for reproductive success of the crop. Chok Anan failed to produce any fruit set in the absence of pollinators. In natural condition, we found that Sala produced 4.8% fruit set per hermaphrodite flower while Chok Anan produced 3.1% per flower. Hand pollination tremendously increased fruit set of naturally pollinated flower for Sala (>100%), but only 33% for Chok Anan. Pollinator contribution to mango fruit set was estimated at 53% of total fruit set production. Our results highlighted the importance of insect pollinations in mango production. Large size flies Eristalinus spp. and Chrysomya spp. were found to be effective pollen carriers and visited more mango flowers compared with other flower visitors.
Screening of nematophagous-fungi from fresh faeces of grazing animals and soils

Farah Haziqah MT, Nur Hikmah AM, Mat Hasan H, Hamdan A, Nik Him NAII

Trop Biomed, 2019 Sep 01;36(3):687-693.
PMID: 33597490

An investigation was undertaken for screening and isolating nematophagous-fungi from the faecal samples of various grazing animals and soils in Malaysia. Total of 111 faeces and 50 soil samples were collected and the samples were cultured on 2% water agar plates. The growth of nematophagous-fungi was stimulated by sprinkling-baiting technique. The conidia of suspected nematophagous-fungi were inoculated on 2% water agar plates. All isolated were maintained on 2% cornmeal agar plates. Verticillium spp., Fusarium spp. and Arthrobotrys spp. were identified from the faecal and soil samples. 62.5% of the faecal samples and 100% of the soil samples were shown to be positive with nematophagous-fungi. This study highlights the present of nematophagous-fungi population in faecal and soil samples. Much study remains to be done to better understanding some fungi especially their mode of action and their predatory behaviour against parasitic nematodes.
Fulltext The epidemiology of haematological cancers in Sarawak, Malaysia (1996 to 2015)

Kuan JW, Su AT, Wahab M, Hamdan A, Hashim J, Kiyu A, et al.

BMC Cancer, 2023 Jun 19;23(1):563.
PMID: 37337159 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-10988-y

BACKGROUND: Published epidemiological studies of haematological cancers are few. Hereby we present a 20-year epidemiological data of haematological cancers in Sarawak from a population-based cancer registry.
METHODS: Haematological cancer cases with ICD-10 coded C81-C96 and ICD-O coded /3 diagnosed from 1996 to 2015 were retrieved from Sarawak Cancer Registry. Adult was defined as those 15 years and above. Incidence rate (IR) was calculated based on yearly Sarawak citizen population stratified to age, gender, and ethnic groups. Age-standardised IR (ASR) was calculated using Segi World Standard Population.
RESULTS: A total of 3,947 cases were retrieved and analysed. ASR was 10 and male predominance (IR ratio 1.32, 95%CI 1.24,1.41). Haematological cancers generally had a U-shaped distribution with lowest IR at age 10-14 years and exponential increment from age 40 years onwards, except acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) with highest IR in paediatric 2.8 versus adult 0.5. There was a significant difference in ethnic and specific categories of haematological cancers, of which, in general, Bidayuh (IR ratio 1.13, 95%CI 1.00, 1.27) and Melanau (IR ratio 0.54, 95%CI 0.45, 0.65) had the highest and lowest ethnic-specific IR, respectively, in comparison to Malay. The ASR (non-Hodgkin lymphoma, acute myeloid leukaemia, ALL, chronic myeloid leukaemia, and plasma cell neoplasm) showed a decreasing trend over the 20 years, -2.09 in general, while Hodgkin lymphoma showed an increasing trend of + 2.80. There was crude rate difference between the 11 administrative divisions of Sarawak.
CONCLUSIONS: This study provided the IR and ASR of haematological cancers in Sarawak for comparison to other regions of the world. Ethnic diversity in Sarawak resulted in significant differences in IR and ASR.
Fulltext Changing domesticity of Aedes aegypti in northern peninsular Malaysia: reproductive consequences and potential epidemiological implications

Saifur RG, Dieng H, Hassan AA, Salmah MR, Satho T, Miake F, et al.

PLoS One, 2012;7(2):e30919.
PMID: 22363516 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0030919

BACKGROUND: The domestic dengue vector Aedes aegypti mosquitoes breed in indoor containers. However, in northern peninsular Malaysia, they show equal preference for breeding in both indoor and outdoor habitats. To evaluate the epidemiological implications of this peridomestic adaptation, we examined whether Ae. aegypti exhibits decreased survival, gonotrophic activity, and fecundity due to lack of host availability and the changing breeding behavior.
METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: This yearlong field surveillance identified Ae. aegypti breeding in outdoor containers on an enormous scale. Through a sequence of experiments incorporating outdoors and indoors adapting as well as adapted populations, we observed that indoors provided better environment for the survival of Ae. aegypti and the observed death patterns could be explained on the basis of a difference in body size. The duration of gonotrophic period was much shorter in large-bodied females. Fecundity tended to be greater in indoor acclimated females. We also found increased tendency to multiple feeding in outdoors adapted females, which were smaller in size compared to their outdoors breeding counterparts.
CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE: The data presented here suggest that acclimatization of Ae. aegypti to the outdoor environment may not decrease its lifespan or gonotrophic activity but rather increase breeding opportunities (increased number of discarded containers outdoors), the rate of larval development, but small body sizes at emergence. Size is likely to be correlated with disease transmission. In general, small size in Aedes females will favor increased blood-feeding frequency resulting in higher population sizes and disease occurrence.
Fulltext A preliminary study of mirror-induced self-directed behaviour on wildlife at the Royal Belum Rainforest Malaysia

Hamdan A, Ab Latip MQ, Abu Hassim H, Mohd Noor MH, Tengku Azizan TRP, Mohamed Mustapha N, et al.

Sci Rep, 2020 08 24;10(1):14105.
PMID: 32839483 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71047-1

Mirror-induced behaviour has been described as a cognitive ability of an animal to self-direct their image in front of the mirror. Most animals when exposed to a mirror responded with a social interactive behaviour such as aggressiveness, exploratory and repetitive behaviour. The objective of this study is to determine the mirror-induced self-directed behaviour on wildlife at the Royal Belum Rainforest, Malaysia. Wildlife species at the Royal Belum Rainforest were identified using a camera traps from pre-determined natural saltlick locations. Acrylic mirrors with steel frame were placed facing the two saltlicks (Sira Batu and Sira Tanah) and the camera traps with motion-detecting infrared sensor were placed at strategically hidden spot. The behavioural data of the animal response to the mirror were analysed using an ethogram procedure. Results showed that barking deer was the species showing the highest interaction in front of the mirror. Elephants displayed self-directed response through inspecting behaviour via usage of their trunk and legs while interacting to the mirror. Interestingly, the Malayan tapir showed startled behaviour during their interaction with the mirror. However, the absence of interactive behaviour of the Malayan tiger signalled a likelihood of a decreased social response behaviour. These results suggested that the ability to self-directed in front of the mirror is most likely related to the new approach to study the neural mechanism and its level of stimulus response in wildlife. In conclusion, research on mirror-induced self-directed behaviour in wildlife will have profound implications in understanding the cognitive ability of wildlife as an effort to enhance the management strategies and conservation.
Fulltext Impact of natural salt lick on the home range of Panthera tigris at the Royal Belum Rainforest, Malaysia

Lazarus BA, Che-Amat A, Abdul Halim Shah MM, Hamdan A, Abu Hassim H, Mustaffa Kamal F, et al.

Sci Rep, 2021 05 19;11(1):10596.
PMID: 34012045 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89980-0

Natural salt lick (sira) is a strategic localisation for ecological wildlife assemblage to exhibit geophagy which may act as a population dynamic buffer of prey and predators. Undoubtedly, many agree that geophagy at natural licks is linked to nutritional ecology, health and assembly places facilitating social interaction of its users. Overall, natural salt licks not only save energy of obtaining nutrient leading to health maintenance but also forms the basis of population persistence. The Royal Belum Rainforest, Malaysia (Royal Belum) is a typical tropical rainforest in Malaysia rich in wildlife which are mainly concentrated around the natural salt lick. Since this is one of the most stable fauna ecology forest in Malaysia, it is timely to assess its impact on the Malayan tiger (Panthera tigris) home range dynamics. The three-potential home ranges of the Malayan tiger in this rainforest were selected based on animal trails or foot prints surrounding the salt lick viz (e.g. Sira Kuak and Sira Batu; Sira Rambai and Sira Buluh and Sira Papan) as well as previous sightings of a Malayan tiger in the area, whose movement is dependent on the density and distribution of prey. Camera traps were placed at potential animal trails surrounding the salt lick to capture any encountered wildlife species within the area of the camera placements. Results showed that all home ranges of Malayan tiger were of no significance for large bodied prey availability such as sambar deer (Rusa unicolor), and smaller prey such as muntjacs (Muntiacus muntjac) and wild boar (Sus scrofa). Interestingly, all home range harbour the Malayan tiger as the only sole predator. The non-significance of prey availability at each home range is attributed to the decline of the Malayan tiger in the rainforest since tigers are dependant on the movement of its preferred prey surrounding natural salt licks. Thus, the information from this study offers fundamental knowledge on the importance of prey-predator interaction at salt lick which will help in designing strategy in rewilding or rehabilitation programs of the Malayan tiger at the Royal Belum Rainforest.

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