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COVID-19 Outbreak in Malaysia

Elengoe A

Osong Public Health Res Perspect, 2020 Jun;11(3):93-100.
PMID: 32494567 DOI: 10.24171/j.phrp.2020.11.3.08

In 2020 a significant threat to public health emerged. The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) epidemic outbreak emerged in December 2019 from Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China and spread to the rest of the world. This disease was named COVID-19 by World Health Organization. To date (17th April 2020) a total of 2,230,439 cases of COVID-19; 150,810 cases of deaths and 564,210 recovered cases have been reported worldwide. In this review the SARS-CoV-2 morphology, pathogenic mechanism, similarities and differences between SARS-CoV and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome and severe acute respiratory syndrome, transmission mode, diagnosis, treatment, and preventive measures were investigated. The outbreak of COVID-19 from a Malaysian perspective was explored and mental health care during the COVID-19 outbreak was explored. To date, there is no vaccine or no specific treatment for COVID-19. Therefore, preventive measures are very important to prevent and control the rapid spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Preparedness should be a priority for future pandemic outbreaks.
Sanitation of Ro-Ro vessel at the port of ferry branch Merak Banten - Indonesia

Mukhlasin, Fitri M, Elengoe A

Enferm Clin, 2020 06;30 Suppl 5:213-215.
PMID: 32713573 DOI: 10.1016/j.enfcli.2019.11.057

Ship Sanitation is one of the efforts to overcome several factors of the physical environment that are needed for the main creatures' things that have the damaging effects of physical development, health, and survival. What is done on a transport device that uses a machine or screen that travels nationally or internationally. This type of research uses descriptive methods with a sample of all Ro-Ro vessels at the Merak Ferry Port of 20 ships. Data collection using ship sanitation observation sheets. The results of the study with univariate analysis showed the condition of kitchen sanitation on Ro-Ro vessels which were categorized as not meeting the requirements of 55%, the sanitary conditions of the food raft room category fulfilled the requirements of 85%, the sanitation conditions 80%, the physical conditions of drinking water 100%, the sanitation requirements of the facilities 70% medical, Ro-Ro ship sanitation requirements do not meet the requirements of 53%. Through this research, the authors expect the efforts of related parties to improve the sanitation of Ro-Ro vessels to be safe by increasing sanitation production of clean and healthy Ro-Ro ships.
In Silico Molecular Modeling and Docking Studies on Novel Mutants (E229V, H225P and D230C) of the Nucleotide-Binding Domain of Homo sapiens Hsp70

Elengoe A, Hamdan S

Interdiscip Sci, 2017 Dec;9(4):478-498.
PMID: 27517798 DOI: 10.1007/s12539-016-0181-8

In this study, we explored the possibility of determining the synergistic interactions between nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) of Homo sapiens heat-shock 70 kDa protein (Hsp70) and E1A 32 kDa of adenovirus serotype 5 motif (PNLVP) in the efficiency of killing of tumor cells in cancer treatment. At present, the protein interaction between NBD and PNLVP motif is still unknown, but believed to enhance the rate of virus replication in tumor cells. Three mutant models (E229V, H225P and D230C) were built and simulated, and their interactions with PNLVP motif were studied. The PNLVP motif showed the binding energy and intermolecular energy values with the novel E229V mutant at -7.32 and -11.2 kcal/mol. The E229V mutant had the highest number of hydrogen bonds (7). Based on the root mean square deviation, root mean square fluctuation, hydrogen bonds, salt bridge, secondary structure, surface-accessible solvent area, potential energy and distance matrices analyses, it was proved that the E229V had the strongest and most stable interaction with the PNLVP motif among all the four protein-ligand complex structures. The knowledge of this protein-ligand complex model would help in designing Hsp70 structure-based drug for cancer therapy.
Fulltext Modeling and docking studies on novel mutants (K71L and T204V) of the ATPase domain of human heat shock 70 kDa protein 1

Elengoe A, Naser MA, Hamdan S

Int J Mol Sci, 2014;15(4):6797-814.
PMID: 24758925 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15046797

The purpose of exploring protein interactions between human adenovirus and heat shock protein 70 is to exploit a potentially synergistic interaction to enhance anti-tumoral efficacy and decrease toxicity in cancer treatment. However, the protein interaction of Hsp70 with E1A32 kDa of human adenovirus serotype 5 remains to be elucidated. In this study, two residues of ATPase domain of human heat shock 70 kDa protein 1 (PDB: 1 HJO) were mutated. 3D mutant models (K71L and T204V) using PyMol software were then constructed. The structures were evaluated by PROCHECK, ProQ, ERRAT, Verify 3D and ProSA modules. All evidence suggests that all protein models are acceptable and of good quality. The E1A32 kDa motif was retrieved from UniProt (P03255), as well as subjected to docking interaction with NBD, K71L and T204V, using the Autodock 4.2 program. The best lowest binding energy value of -9.09 kcal/mol was selected for novel T204V. Moreover, the protein-ligand complex structures were validated by RMSD, RMSF, hydrogen bonds and salt bridge analysis. This revealed that the T204V-E1A32 kDa motif complex was the most stable among all three complex structures. This study provides information about the interaction between Hsp70 and the E1A32 kDa motif, which emphasizes future perspectives to design rational drugs and vaccines in cancer therapy.
Fulltext A Novel Protein Interaction between Nucleotide Binding Domain of Hsp70 and p53 Motif

Elengoe A, Naser MA, Hamdan S

Int J Genomics, 2015;2015:391293.
PMID: 26098630 DOI: 10.1155/2015/391293

Currently, protein interaction of Homo sapiens nucleotide binding domain (NBD) of heat shock 70 kDa protein (PDB: 1HJO) with p53 motif remains to be elucidated. The NBD-p53 motif complex enhances the p53 stabilization, thereby increasing the tumor suppression activity in cancer treatment. Therefore, we identified the interaction between NBD and p53 using STRING version 9.1 program. Then, we modeled the three-dimensional structure of p53 motif through homology modeling and determined the binding affinity and stability of NBD-p53 motif complex structure via molecular docking and dynamics (MD) simulation. Human DNA binding domain of p53 motif (SCMGGMNR) retrieved from UniProt (UniProtKB: P04637) was docked with the NBD protein, using the Autodock version 4.2 program. The binding energy and intermolecular energy for the NBD-p53 motif complex were -0.44 Kcal/mol and -9.90 Kcal/mol, respectively. Moreover, RMSD, RMSF, hydrogen bonds, salt bridge, and secondary structure analyses revealed that the NBD protein had a strong bond with p53 motif and the protein-ligand complex was stable. Thus, the current data would be highly encouraging for designing Hsp70 structure based drug in cancer therapy.
The effectiveness of gamelan therapy on depression levels in chronic kidney failure patients

Nurhidayati T, Pambudi DA, Rahayu DA, Elengoe A, Ramuni K

Enferm Clin, 2020 06;30 Suppl 5:69-72.
PMID: 32713588 DOI: 10.1016/j.enfcli.2019.11.023

INTRODUCTION: The effect of depression on human behavior have been widely recognized in chronic kidney failure patients who undergoing hemodialysis. There was some depression technique management which could be applied. It could be a pharmacological or non-pharmacological technique. One of the complementary non-pharmacological therapy are Javanese gamelan therapy.
OBJECTIVE: This research reduced depression level with Javanese gamelan therapy in chronic kidney failure patients' who undergo hemodialysis at RSUD KRMT Wongsonegoro Semarang.
METHOD: It was a quasi-experimental research with pretest-post-test without control group. The research was administered during March-May 2019 with 30 respondents taken as sample using the total sampling technique.
RESULTS: The research on 30 respondents showed that p-value=0.00,
In silico targeting breast cancer biomarkers by applying rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum) phytocompounds

Parvizpour S, Elengoe A, Alizadeh E, Razmara J, Shamsir MS

J Biomol Struct Dyn, 2023 Nov;41(19):10037-10050.
PMID: 36451602 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2152868

Worldwide, breast cancer is the leading type of cancer among women. Overexpression of various prognostic indicators, including nuclear receptors, is linked to breast cancer features. To date, no effective drug has been discovered to block the proliferation of breast cancer cells. This study has been designed to discover target-based small molecular-like natural drug candidates that have anti-cancer potential without causing any serious side effects. A comprehensive substrate-based drug design was carried out to discover the potential plant compounds against the target breast cancer biomarkers including phytochemicals screening, active site identification, molecular docking, pharmacokinetic (PK) properties prediction, toxicity prediction, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation approaches. Twenty plant compounds extracted from the rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum) were obtained from PubChem Database; and screened against the breast cancer biomarkers including estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and androgen receptor (AR). The best docking interaction was chosen based on the higher binding affinity. Analyzing the pharmacokinetic properties and toxicity prediction results indicated that the fifteen selected plant compounds have good potency without toxicity and are safe for humans. Four phytochemicals with a higher binding affinity were chosen for each breast cancer biomarker to study their stability in interaction with the target proteins using MD simulation. Among the above compounds, Ellagic acid showed the high binding affinity against all three breast cancer biomarkers.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
Fulltext Recent perspectives and awareness on transmission, clinical manifestation, quarantine measures, prevention and treatment of COVID-19 among people living in Malaysia in 2020

Alabed AAA, Elengoe A, Anandan ES, Almahdi AY

Z Gesundh Wiss, 2022;30(5):1133-1142.
PMID: 33078089 DOI: 10.1007/s10389-020-01395-9

BACKGROUND: There is a major public health challenge threatening the world with the rapid spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which emerged in December 2019 from Wuhan, China.
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice regarding COVID-19 and its transmission, causes and prevention among people living in Malaysia.
METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among people living in Malaysia by using an online survey in March and April 2020.
RESULTS: Out of 520 respondents, the mean age was 36.9 ± 14.9, between 19 and 67 years with the majority being female. Most respondents had good knowledge, attitude and practice towards COVID-19 with mean ± sd 18.2 ± 1.7, 5.2 ± 1.1 and 4.1 ± 1.4, respectively. In addition, the majority had good knowledge regarding cause, mode of transmission, signs and symptoms, prevention and treatment and quarantine measures after answering 21 questions.
CONCLUSION: To date, there is no specific treatment or vaccine for COVID-19, thus staying at home is the best preventive measure to curb the further growth of positive cases in the country. These findings could provide an insight in designing effective preparedness for future pandemic outbreaks.