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Effectiveness of adjunct psychotherapy for cancer treatment: a review

Chen Y, Ahmad M

Future Oncol, 2018 Jun;14(15):1487-1496.
PMID: 29767550 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2017-0671

Psychotherapies were offered to alleviate psychological and physical symptoms; however, most psychological interventions were only delivered after cancer treatment. Newly diagnosed cancer patients experienced psychological distress while waiting for treatments. This review paper focused on randomized control trial studies, aimed to investigate the effectiveness of psychological intervention among newly diagnosed cancer patients. Eight randomized control trial papers were found in recent 10 year period through electronic database. A moderate to large effect size was detected on the outcomes, ranging from 0.43 to 0.89. This indicated that psychological-based prehabilitation with standard care yielded better outcomes than standard care alone. Psychological-based prehabilitation provides evidence in its effectiveness to reduce psychological distress, functional impairment, recurrence of cancer, numbers of immune reactivity and sleeping quality; however, inconsistent with longer survival result among cancer patients. In conclusion, psychological-based prehabilitation before cancer treatment is necessary for better treatment outcome, and future research is needed to investigate more directly the outcome.
Does China Overseas Economic and Trade cooperation Zone affect CO2 emissions in host countries? Evidence from a quasi-natural experimental of countries along the "Belt and Road"

Jiang Y, Chen Y

Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2023 Sep;30(41):94276-94289.
PMID: 37531059 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29081-9

China Overseas Economic and Trade Cooperation Zone (COCZs) which as a platform for China's foreign investment and trade has a potential impact on CO2 emissions, while strengthening bilateral investment and trade between China and the host countries. Since most of the COCZs are located in countries along the "Belt and Road," the purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of COCZs on CO2 emissions of the countries along the "Belt and Road" and the mechanism of this impact. We constructed a panel data of 63 countries along the "Belt and Road" from 2000 to 2020, and conducted an empirical study using the difference-in-difference (DID) model. Our research result show that COCZs can significantly increase the CO2 emissions of the countries along the "Belt and Road." Then, we conduct a series of robustness tests and endogeneity test on the estimation results of the baseline model, and the results of the tests all support the conclusion reached by the baseline model. Our heterogeneity analysis reveals that the effect of COCZs on CO2 emissions is more significant in Asian countries with lower national income or industrialization and higher country risk. Finally, we analyzed industrial value added and energy depletion as possible impact mechanisms, the results of mechanism model shows that COCZs can increase the industrial value added and then significantly increase CO2 emissions, but energy depletion was not an efficient mechanism. Our paper provides a new insight into the impact of bilateral economic and trade cooperation zones on CO2 emissions in host countries.
Abstracts of the 34th World Congress on Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology, 15-18 September 2024, Budapest, Hungary

Tian M, Yu G, Chen Y

Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol, 2024 Sep;64 Suppl 1:159.
PMID: 39249795 DOI: 10.1002/uog.28213
Fulltext Introduction of psychological skills laboratory in medical education

Chen YY, Ting CH

J Postgrad Med, 2023;69(4):221-223.
PMID: 37602634 DOI: 10.4103/jpgm.jpgm_341_23

Depression and anxiety are common psychological issues among university students, yet many of them hesitate to seek professional help due to stigma. Unfortunately, university curricula often lack self-help strategies to manage these challenges and provide timely support to those in need. To address this gap, we introduced the Psychological Skills Lab (PSL) component in the undergraduate medical curriculum, which emphasizes experiential learning to promote self-determination and autonomy in health promotion. The lab allows active interaction among students, lecturers, and peers through activities like presentations, peer reviews, in session practice, gratitude journals, group discussions, and role plays. PSL helps students develop skills, empathy, mindfulness, and self compassion through regular interactions. This innovative teaching approach raises mental health awareness and empowers students to assist others when required. Thus, by incorporating self-help measures into the curriculum, students are better equipped to manage their emotional well-being while supporting those around them.
Upregulation of miR-424 inhibit retinal endothelial cells proliferation under high glucose condition via cyclin D1

Chen Y, Chen K, Zhu W, Chen J, Huang Z

Malays J Pathol, 2024 Aug;46(2):279-286.
PMID: 39207004

INTRODUCTION: Diabetic retinopathy is characterised by retinal vascular impairment. A number of aberrant microRNAs (miRNAs) have a role in the pathophysiology of vascular dysfunction. However, the relevance of miR-424 in retinal vascular endothelial cell dysfunction during hyperglycemia stress remains unknown. The purpose of this study is to investigate this issue.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Rhesus macaque choroid retinal endothelial cell line (RF/6A) cells were cultivated in normal glucose (NG) and high glucose (HG) conditions. The mRNA expression of miR-424 and Cyclin D1 (CCND1) was quantified using qPCR, and the protein quantity of CCND1 was detected using Western Blot. miR-424 mimics, miR-424 inhibitors, miR-424 inhibitor+ siRNA-CCND1 or vehicle molecules were transfected into RF/6A cells. MTT test was used to assess cell proliferation, and flow cytometric analysis was used to assess cell cycle. The interaction between miR-424 and CCND1 was predicted using bioinformatics and validated using dual luciferase reporter analysis.
RESULTS: miR-424 was up-regulated, and cell viability was reduced in HG compared to NG. By reversing the expression of miR-424 in certain situations, the phenotypes can be changed. CCND1 has been identified as a miR-424 target gene, and it may be regulated at the transcriptional and translational levels. Manipulation of silencing CCND1 can counteract the effect of transfecting miR-424 inhibitor into RF/6A cells under HG such as proliferation stimulation.
CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that miR-424 plays an important role in hyperglycemia induced ARPE-19 cells damage, and it could be a new therapeutic target for DR by preventing retinal vascular cells from HG-induced injury.
Toxicological studies of insecticides on Cullex quinquefasciatus Say and Aedes aegypti (L.)

Chen YP, Sudderuddin KI

Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health, 1978 Sep;9(3):378-83.
PMID: 749224

Toxicity tests carried out on the larvae of A. aegypti and C. quinquefasciatus showed the former to be more tolerant of all insecticides tested, the order of toxicity being temephos greater than DDT greater than DDVP greater than malathion greater than lindane greater than carbaryl; also the second instar larvae of A. aegypti were more susceptible than fourth instar larvae. Enzyme kinetic studies on the total non-specific esterases and CarEs of adults and larvae of both species showed the Km values for total esterases of adult A. aegypti to be 0.333 mM vs 0.233 mM for C. quinquefasciatus; for adult CarEs it was 0.250 mM vs 0.220 mM. For total larval esterases of A. aegypti it was 0.112 mM vs 0.175 mM for C. quinquefasciatus: and for larval CarES it was 0.159 mM vs 0.213 mM respectively. Although some correlation between in vivo toxicity (LD50 values) and in vitro esterase inhibition (I50 values) between species could be discerned, overall correlation could not be established.
Extraction, isolation and characterization of bioactive compounds from plants' extracts

Sasidharan S, Chen Y, Saravanan D, Sundram KM, Yoga Latha L

Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med, 2011;8(1):1-10.
PMID: 22238476

Natural products from medicinal plants, either as pure compounds or as standardized extracts, provide unlimited opportunities for new drug leads because of the unmatched availability of chemical diversity. Due to an increasing demand for chemical diversity in screening programs, seeking therapeutic drugs from natural products, interest particularly in edible plants has grown throughout the world. Botanicals and herbal preparations for medicinal usage contain various types of bioactive compounds. The focus of this paper is on the analytical methodologies, which include the extraction, isolation and characterization of active ingredients in botanicals and herbal preparations. The common problems and key challenges in the extraction, isolation and characterization of active ingredients in botanicals and herbal preparations are discussed. As extraction is the most important step in the analysis of constituents present in botanicals and herbal preparations, the strengths and weaknesses of different extraction techniques are discussed. The analysis of bioactive compounds present in the plant extracts involving the applications of common phytochemical screening assays, chromatographic techniques such as HPLC and, TLC as well as non-chromatographic techniques such as immunoassay and Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) are discussed.
Fulltext Different altered stage correlative expression of high abundance acute-phase proteins in sera of patients with epithelial ovarian carcinoma

Chen Y, Lim BK, Hashim OH

J Hematol Oncol, 2009;2:37.
PMID: 19709441 DOI: 10.1186/1756-8722-2-37

The general enhanced expression of alpha1-antichymotrypsin (ACT), clusterin (CLU), alpha1-antitrypsin (AAT), haptoglobin beta-chain (HAP), and leucine rich glycoprotein (LRG) in the sera of patients with epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOCa) was recently reported. In the present study, we compared the expression of the serum acute-phase proteins (APPs) in the patients according to their stages of cancer.
Synergistic Effect of Polyalthia longifolia Leaf and Antibiotics against Clinical Isolates of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) by Microscopic Technique

Kirubakari B, Chen Y, Sasidharan S

Antiinflamm Antiallergy Agents Med Chem, 2020;19(3):323-334.
PMID: 31113347 DOI: 10.2174/1871523018666190522112902

BACKGROUND: Polyalthia longifolia is a popular medicinal plant and has been widely used as a traditional remedy for centuries in curing of various ailments. The purpose of this study was conducted to determine the in situ antimicrobial synergistic effects between Polyalthia longifolia leaf ethyl acetate fraction (PLEAF) and ampicillin against MRSA local isolate by using modern microscopy technique.
METHODS: Hence, the evaluation of the synergistic activity of PLEAF and ampicillin against MRSA local isolate was conducted with scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
RESULTS: The combinational effect of PLEAF fraction and ampicillin exhibited significant antibacterial activity against MRSA. Bacterial cells observations showed invagination, impaired cell division, extensive wrinkles, cell shrinkage, the appearance of a rougher cell with fibrous matrix and clustered cells which confirmed the synergistic effect of PLEAF and ampicillin against MRSA local isolate by SEM.
CONCLUSION: Conclusively, the in situ SEM observation proved the synergistic antimicrobial activity between PLEAF fraction and ampicillin to destroy the MRSA resistance bacteria which is an important aspect of PLEAF fraction to be used in the future combinational therapy.
Characterization and biological properties of NanoCUR formulation and its effect on major human cytochrome P450 enzymes

Shamsi S, Chen Y, Lim LY

Int J Pharm, 2015 Nov 10;495(1):194-203.
PMID: 26319630 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.08.066

Curcumin (CUR) has been formulated into a host of nano-sized formulations in a bid to improve its in vivo solubility, stability and bioavailability. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the encapsulation of CUR in nanocarriers would impede its biological interactivity, specifically its potential anti-cancer adjuvant activity via the modulation of CYP enzymes in vitro. NanoCUR, a micellar dispersion prepared via a thin film method using only Pluronic F127 as excipient, was amenable to lyophilization, and retained its nano-sized spherical dimensions (17-33 nm) upon reconstitution with water followed by dilution to 5 μM with HBSS or EMEM. NanoCUR was a weaker cytotoxic agent compared to CUR in solution (sCUR), affecting HepG2 cell viability only when the incubation time was prolonged from 4h to 48 h. Correlation with 2h uptake data suggests this was due to a lower cellular uptake rate of CUR from NanoCUR than from sCUR. The poorer CUR accessibility might also account for NanoCUR being a weaker inhibitor of CYP2C9 and CYP2D6 than sCUR. NanoCUR was, however, 1.76-fold more potent against the CYP3A4 (IC50 5.13 ± 0.91 μM) metabolic function. The higher activity against CYP3A4 might be attributed to the synergistic action of Pluronic F127, since the blank micellar dispersion also inhibited CYP3A4 activity. Both sCUR and NanoCUR had no effect on the CYP3A4 mRNA levels in the HepG2 cells. NanoCUR therefore, maintained most of the biological activities of CUR in vitro, albeit at a lower potency and response rate.
Methods of sampling population of the Japanese encephalitis vector mosquitoes. A preliminary report

Ree HI, Chen YK, Chow CY

Med J Malaya, 1969 Jun;23(4):293-5.
PMID: 4310350
Shrimp Plasma MANF Works as an Invertebrate Anti-Inflammatory Factor via a Conserved Receptor Tyrosine Phosphatase

Luo K, Chen Y, Wang F

J Immunol, 2022 Feb 11.
PMID: 35149533 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100595

For a long time, how anti-inflammatory factors evolved was largely unknown. In this study, we chose a marine invertebrate, Litopenaeus vannamei, as a model and identified that shrimp mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF) was an LPS-induced plasma protein, which exerted its anti-inflammatory roles on shrimp hemocytes by suppressing ERK phosphorylation and Dorsal expression. In addition, we demonstrated that shrimp MANF could be associated with a receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase (RPTP) to mediate negative regulation of ERK activation and Dorsal expression. More interestingly, shrimp RPTP-S overexpression in 293T cells could switch shrimp and human MANF-mediated ERK pathway activation to inhibition. In general, our results indicate that this conserved RPTP is the key component for extracellular MANF-mediated ERK pathway inhibition, which gives a possible explanation about why this neurotropic factor could both protect neuron cells from apoptosis and inhibit immune cell M1 activation in various species.
Anticancer Activity and Molecular Mechanism of Polyphenol Rich Calophyllum inophyllum Fruit Extract in MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells

Shanmugapriya, Chen Y, Kanwar JR, Sasidharan S

Nutr Cancer, 2017 10 25;69(8):1308-1324.
PMID: 29068745 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2017.1367944

This study was conducted to investigate the anticancer effects and mechanism of Calophyllum inophyllum fruit extract against MCF-7 cells. C. inophyllum fruit extract was found to have markedly cytotoxic effect against MCF-7 cells in a dose-dependent manner with the IC50 for 24 h of 23.59 µg/mL. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that C. inophyllum fruit extract mediated cell cycle at G0/G1 and G2/M phases, and MCF-7 cells entered the early phase of apoptosis. The expression of anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2 was decreased whereas the expression of the pro-apoptotic protein Bax, cytochrome C and p53 were increased after treatment. C. inophyllum fruit extract led to apoptosis in MCF-7 cells via the mitochondrial pathway in a dose dependent manner. This is evidenced by the elevation of intracellular ROS, the loss of mitochondria membrane potential (Δψm), and activation of caspase-3. Meanwhile, dose-dependent genomic DNA fragmentation was observed after C. inophyllum fruits extract treatment by comet assay. This study shows that C. inophyllum fruits extract-induced apoptosis is primarily p53 dependent and mediated through the activation of caspase-3. C. inophyllum fruit extract could be an excellent source of chemopreventive agent in the treatment of breast cancer and has potential to be explored as green anticancer agent.
Fulltext Study on the eye movement characteristics of the badminton practitioners of different levels regarding visual attention

Chen Y, Zulnaidi H, Syed Ali SKB

Front Psychol, 2022;13:1026006.
PMID: 36875544 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1026006

Badminton is a highly sophisticated, fierce, and competitive tactical game. It requires the same action of hitting a ball with different landing points. Therefore, the complexity of badminton practitioner's sports decision-making is relatively high. Accordingly, it is extremely important to study the difference between the eye movement characteristics of different levels of badminton athletes and the difference between the eye movement characteristics of different sports levels of amateur athletes. Overall, 15 students from the badminton professional training team of the Physical Education College of the Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University and 15 students from the common public sports and badminton course were included as experimental participants in the present study. The laboratory experimental test on the virtual sports situation in badminton was conducted using an eye tracker. The eye movement index of both the badminton professionals and the experimental participants was recorded for statistical analysis, and the following results were obtained: (1) In the cognitive decision-masking task, the reaction time of the professional badminton practitioners was faster than that of the amateur practitioners. Similarly, in the intuitive decision-masking task, the reaction time and accuracy of the former were better than those of the latter. (2) The professional badminton practitioners' group was able to process and integrate the searched information in the process of sports attention selection information; although the amateur group was able to search and filter information, they were passive and could not actively process and assimilate the searched information. (3) The professional badminton practitioners could allocate their attention reasonably and process information in the process of attention transfer, while their amateur counterparts were affected easily by external interference factors. The level of motor intelligence of badminton practitioners in the professional group was higher than that of the amateur practitioners. Thus, these two groups of different levels showed attention transfer. (4) The mental skills of the professional group were higher than those of the amateur group.
Fulltext Design and analysis of management platform based on financial big data

Chen Y, Mustafa H, Zhang X, Liu J

PeerJ Comput Sci, 2023;9:e1231.
PMID: 37346728 DOI: 10.7717/peerj-cs.1231

Traditional financial accounting will become limited by new technologies which are unable to meet the market development. In order to make financial big data generate business value and improve the information application level of financial management, aiming at the high error rate of current financial data classification system, this article adopts the fuzzy clustering algorithm to classify financial data automatically, and adopts the local outlier factor algorithm with neighborhood relation (NLOF) to detect abnormal data. In addition, a financial data management platform based on distributed Hadoop architecture is designed, which combines MapReduce framework with the fuzzy clustering algorithm and the local outlier factor (LOF) algorithm, and uses MapReduce to operate in parallel with the two algorithms, thus improving the performance of the algorithm and the accuracy of the algorithm, and helping to improve the operational efficiency of enterprise financial data processing. The comparative experimental results show that the proposed platform can achieve the best the running efficiency and the accuracy of financial data classification compared with other methods, which illustrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed platform.
Sympatric primate seed dispersers and predators jointly contribute to plant diversity in a subtropical forest

Chen Y, McConkey KR, Fan P

Oecologia, 2023 Aug;202(4):715-727.
PMID: 37553533 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-023-05430-w

Mutualistic and antagonistic plant-animal interactions differentially contribute to the maintenance of species diversity in ecological communities. Although both seed dispersal and predation by fruit-eating animals are recognized as important drivers of plant population dynamics, the mechanisms underlying how seed dispersers and predators jointly affect plant diversity remain largely unexplored. Based on mediating roles of seed size and species abundance, we investigated the effects of seed dispersal and predation by two sympatric primates (Nomascus concolor and Trachypithecus crepusculus) on local plant recruitment in a subtropical forest of China. Over a 26 month period, we confirmed that these primates were functionally distinct: gibbons were legitimate seed dispersers who dispersed seeds of 44 plant species, while langurs were primarily seed predators who destroyed seeds of 48 plant species. Gibbons dispersed medium-seeded species more effectively than small- and large-seeded species, and dispersed more seeds of rare species than common and dominant species. Langurs showed a similar predation rate across different sizes of seeds, but destroyed a large number of seeds from common species. Due to gut passage effects, gibbons significantly shortened the duration of seed germination for 58% of the dispersed species; however, for 54% of species, seed germination rates were reduced significantly. Our study underlined the contrasting contributions of two primate species to local plant recruitment processes. By dispersing rare species and destroying the seeds of common species, both primates might jointly maintain plant species diversity. To maintain healthy ecosystems, the conservation of mammals that play critical functional roles needs to receive further attention.
Fulltext Circular design strategies and economic sustainability of construction projects in china: the mediating role of organizational culture

Chen Y, Yin X, Lyu C

Sci Rep, 2024 Apr 03;14(1):7890.
PMID: 38570561 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56452-0

This research aims to elucidate the relationship between circular design strategies (CDS) and the economic sustainability of construction projects (ESCP), examining the mediating role of organizational culture (OC). Motivated by the imperative to develop a sustainable circular economy (CE) model in the building industry, our study focuses on a crucial dimension of CE processes. Specifically, we investigate how construction firms' organizational values shape their pursuit of desired economic outcomes within CE theory. Through a comprehensive analysis of 359 responses from a cross-sectional survey of Chinese construction firms employing Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), our findings reveal a positive albeit weakly impactful association between CDS and ESCP. Simultaneously, OC is identified as a factor detrimental to ESCP. Notably, this study unveils the influential roles of hierarchical culture (HC) and group culture (GC) in shaping the current state of ESCP in China. Emphasizing the significance of CDS, we propose that contract administrators proactively reposition their organizations to adopt strategies conducive to achieving the necessary economic output for construction projects. The originality aspect lies in this research contributes to the existing body of knowledge by offering empirical insights into the theoretical framework, marking the first such empirical study in northern China. We conclude by critically examining research outcomes and limitations while providing insightful recommendations for future research to foster sustainable construction practices in the Chinese context.
Fulltext Factors correlated with personal growth initiative among college students: A meta-analysis

Jiao Z, Chen Y, Lyu C

Heliyon, 2024 Apr 15;10(7):e28518.
PMID: 38689971 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28518

In higher education, Personal growth initiative (PGI) has been the focus of attention, personal growth initiative is a fundamental mechanism for individual advancement, equipping college students with the resilience to navigate obstacles and bolstering self-enhancement. The present study comprehensively synthesizes existing research on the factors correlated with personal growth initiative among collegiate populations, aims to identify all correlated factors of college students' personal growth initiative, and the level of correlation. A systematic search was conducted through Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, JSTOR, PsycINFO, ScienceDirect, and Wiley Online Library, as well as manually search in Google Schalor, spanning to collate research on college students' personal growth initiative. Quantitative synthesis was performed using STATA 17, while sensitivity was tested using a change effect model approach and publication bias was assessed employing Egger's test. After applying the Bonferroni correction, this study found that 18 factors were significantly positively correlated with college students' personal growth initiative, including 4 high-level correlated factors, 10 medium-level correlated factors, and 4 low-level correlated factors, as well as 4 factors were significantly negatively correlated, including 1 medium-level correlated factor and 3 low-level correlated factors. These findings offer valuable insights into personal growth initiative among college students, and the reference for educators and institutional leaders aiming to foster personal growth initiative for college student self-development.
Role of investor attention and executive green awareness on environmental information disclosure of Chinese high-tech listed companies

Chen Y, Masron TA, Mai W

J Environ Manage, 2024 Aug;365:121552.
PMID: 38905790 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121552

Against the backdrop of growing public concern about environmental disclosure, and despite this concern, the level of environmental disclosure by high-tech firms remains low, necessitating a heightened emphasis on corporate environmental disclosure. This study delves into the impact of investor attention on the environmental information disclosure of Chinese high-tech firms, analyzing data from 463 firms between 2011 and 2022. Utilizing dynamic panel GMM, our findings highlight a significant negative correlation between investor attention and environmental information disclosure. We also introduced executive green awareness, exploring their moderating role. The results show that improved executive green awareness mitigates the adverse impact of investor attention on environmental information disclosure. However, heterogeneity analysis revealed that this moderating effect does not exist in IT service and non-polluting high-tech enterprises. This research offers policy implications for enhancing transparency and environmental governance through targeted investor engagement and executive training programs. The findings underscore the importance of a comprehensive regulatory framework tailored to sector-specific challenges in high-tech industry.
The statistical analysis based on GTD terrorist incident record data

Qu Y, Chen Y, Tan Z, Han B

Heliyon, 2024 Jul 15;10(13):e33804.
PMID: 39055834 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33804

Terrorism refers to the claims and acts that create social panic, endanger public security, infringe upon persons and property, or threaten state organs and organizations to achieve political and ideological goals through violence, sabotage, intimidation and other means. According to the survey, 92 % of the world's countries have been subjected to terrorist attacks to varying degrees, involving South America, the Middle East and North Africa. Since 1970, there have been about 200,000 terrorist incidents worldwide. Global terrorist attacks have a wide range of targets, involving nearly 20 groups, resulting in up to 280,000 deaths and 360,000 injuries. Based on the GTD database, this paper selects the relevant data from 1998 to 2017, and uses the factor analysis model to establish the evaluation index system of terrorist attack harm from the perspective of terrorist attack harm. At the same time, GIS is used for quantitative analysis of the data, and time series model is used for correlation prediction. The results show that the comprehensive evaluation model of terrorist attacks has objectively and accurately evaluated the terrorist attacks in the past 20 years, among which 9/11 incident has the highest degree of harm, followed by the Salam Embassy bombing. The ranking of the harmfulness of the incident is basically consistent with the reports of mainstream media at home and abroad. From the perspective of the global spatial scope of terrorist attacks, terrorist attacks are shifting from North Africa and the Arabian Peninsula to the eastern front, and the Middle East has continued to gather, and the situation of terrorist attacks in the Middle East is not optimistic. At present and for some time to come, international terrorism will remain at a high level, and terrorist attacks will remain concentrated in the Middle East and the Arabian Peninsula.

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