Fibrous histiocytomas can be differentiated into malignant fibrous histiocytoma or benign fibrous histiocytoma (BFH) and may involve soft tissue and hard bony tissue. A BFH is a rare group of tumors involving fibrocystic and histiocytic elements. Although BFH after a mosquito bite is rare, it must be a part of the differential diagnosis in unresponsive cases of insect bite reactions. A 57-year-old woman with a history of hypertension arrived at the clinic to discuss an 18-year-old lump in her left leg. The patient described the mass as painless and immobile on the anterior part of the left leg. She stated that it had started with a mosquito bite 18 years ago. The woman visited the clinic after her cat scratched the nodule and the erythema on the anterior area of her leg intensified. Physical examination revealed a 10 × 5 × 5 cm solid, stemmed, non-tender mass with erythema on the left leg. A CT scan revealed a stemmed soft tissue mass with well-defined borders. BFH is one of the common types of histiocytoma that is differentiated based on location, which can be dermis, subcutaneous tissue, and deep soft tissues. BFH is predominantly common in young-to-middle-aged females compared to males. BFH can emerge anywhere on the body. However, the occurrence on the lower extremities is high. This case is presented for its rarity and uncommon site of involvement and the significant clinical presentation and emerging condition following a mosquito bite.
Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) is the buildup of fluid in the posterior pole distorting the vision resulting from either neurosensory or retinal pigment epithelial detachment. This is a case report of a 33-year-old female complaining of cloudiness in the left eye who was subsequently diagnosed with CSC using optical coherence tomography (OCT). Remission was observed in four months, possibly from ocular drop treatment or spontaneous. Our case report is unique as the incidence of CSC is more common in males, almost six times higher than in females. Also, the etiology of CSC in this case report is questionable because all the risks are excluded from our patient history.
Food supplements are used to improve cognitive functions in age-related dementia. This study was designed to determine the Murraya koenigii leaves' effect on Alloxan-induced cognitive impairment in diabetic rats and the contents of oxidative stress biomarkers, catalase, reduced glutathione, and glutathione reductase in brain tissue homogenates. Wistar rats were divided into seven groups (six rats per group). Group I received saline water (1 ml, p.o.), Diabetes was induced in Groups II-VII with Alloxan (120 mg/kg/p.o). Group III was provided with Donepezil HCl (2.5 mg/kg/p.o.), Group IV, V, VI, and VII with Murraya koenigii ethanol extract (200 and 400 mg/kg/p.o.) and aqueous extract (200 and 400 mg/kg/p.o.), respectively, for 30 days. Behavior, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, oxidative stress status, and histopathological features were determined in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex. Administration of Murraya koenigii ethanolic and aqueous extracts significantly (P<0.05, P<0.001) increased the number of holes crossed by rats from one chamber to another. There was an increase in the (1) latency to reach the solid platform, (2) number of squares traveled by rats on the 30th day, and (3) percentage of spontaneous alternation behavior compared to the control group. Administration for successive days markedly decreased AChE activity (P<0.05), decreased TBARS level, and increased catalase, GSH, and GR levels. Murayya koenigii could be a promising food supplement for people with dementia. However, more research into sub-chronic toxicity and pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics interactions is essential.