Bacteriocin or Bacteriocin like inhibitory substances (BLIS) is a protein antibiotic that has a relatively narrow spectrum of killing activity. It could potentially serve as a natural alternative to antibiotics in reducing the development of multi-drug resistant bacteria. Antimicrobial activity of the strains of Lactobacillus sp. isolated from healthy subjects (test strains) against Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and other periodontal pathogens (indicator strains) isolated from subgingival plaques of aggressive periodontitis patients were determined by using deferred antagonism test and agar-well diffusion method. Strains of Lactobacillus sp., Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and black pigmented bacteria were selectively isolated from TJA, TSBV and TSBA agars, respectively. Mean diameter zone of inhibition of at least 10 mm was considered as positive results for both methods. Out of 25 strains of Lactobacillus sp. screened, only eight test strains of Lactobacillus sp. showed the specific antimicrobial activity against certain strains of indicator periodontal pathogens during deferred antagonism test. However, out of eight potential strains, only three strains, which were Lactobacillus sp. strain S, Lactobacillus sp. strain V and Lactobacillus sp. strain W consistently showed positive inhibitory activity against black pigmented bacteria by deferred antagonism test and agar-well diffusion method. Therefore, these three strains should be considered as potential BLIS producer strains for further study.
Cone-beam-computed-tomography (CBCT) has been useful in providing insights of relevant anatomy prior to surgical
procedures, including the assessment of the proximity of impacted mandibular-third-molar to the inferior-alveolar-canal
(IAC). It is important to understand the reliability of conventional panoramic-radiograph in the assessment of this criterion
since it is more commonly used as first line radiographic approach due to its availability and lower radiation dose. This
study aimed to investigate the reliability of conventional panoramic-radiograph in the evaluation of the proximity of
impacted mandibular-third-molar root tip to the IAC by correlating the results with CBCT. A total of 65 root tips of impacted
mandibular-third-molars that had both panoramic radiographs and CBCT images were included in this retrospective study.
Two trained observers participated in all image evaluations. A prepared standard 1 cm ruler was used to measure the
proximity of the third-molar root apices to the IACs. Measurements recorded in this study were categorized into positive
(root apex above a roof of IAC), zero (root apex was superimposed on IAC) and negative (root apex below a roof of IAC).
Data analysis was carried out using student t-test. In this study, both observers recorded statistically significant differences
in the measurement between third-molars root apices and the IAC from panoramic radiographs and CBCT images. The low
reliability of panoramic radiograph to assess the vertical proximity between these two anatomical structures suggests
the importance of additional assessment with CBCT in cases where panoramic radiograph shows superimposition of the
third molar root on the roof of the canal and presence of root below the roof of the IAC.