Viability of cultured mammalian cells is evaluated by a variety of techniques. In this study, experimental results
of fast cell viability assays were compared to reveal the most suitable method for determination of
hyperthermia effect on viability of human breast cancer Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 (MCF-7) cell line. The
cells were exposed to heat at 42˚C for 2 hours to estimate the percentage of cell viability using four assays
(trypan blue, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and crystal violet, (CV). There was a mild decrease in percentage
of cell viability as the duration of heat exposure increased. Of the three counting techniques, the crystal violet
nuclei showed consistent and significantly higher value (70.58±1.97) than trypan blue and LDH assay
(81.07±20.12 and 77.06±11.84 respectively) (p< 0.05). This study reveals that CVwas the most sensitive assay
for adherent cell. It is also very effective; simple; and permits many samples to be analyzed rapidly and
simultaneously.
Introduction: Colorectal cancer is one of the top three most commonly occurring cancer worldwide with more than 1.8 million cases in 2018. In Malaysia, colorectal cancer is the most common cancer in males and the second most common cancer in females. Albeit being the second most common form of cancer in Malaysia, there is a lack of a formal or structured national colorectal cancer screening programme in Malaysia and it remains a low priority in healthcare planning and expenditure in Malaysia. The risk of developing colon cancer is greatly influenced by factors such as lifestyle habits, genetic inheritance, diet, weight, and exercise. Kras, the most frequently mutated oncogene in cancer, occurs in about 50 percent of colorectal cancers. Methods: This study maps the kras gene involved in colon cancer pathway, using bioinformatics applications such as STRING version 11.0 and Cytoscape version 3.7.0 to provide a clear visualisation of all the related and involved proteins and genes that interact with this kras gene in the pathway. Results: The 3391 protein interactions were assembled and visualized in y organic form. Six spe-cific non-overlapping clusters of various sizes, which emerged from the huge network of protein-interactors using MCODE version 1.32 clustering algorithm were found. Biological Networks Gene Ontology (BiNGO) was used to determine two ontologies (molecular function and biological process) involved in the protein network. Based on the resulting protein-protein network interaction map, each interaction plays an important role in the cell cycle, meta-bolic pathways and signal transduction. Conclusion: Understanding these interactions provide insight into cellular activities and thus assist in the understanding of the aetiology of disease.
Introduction: Worldwide, breast cancer is the most life-threatening disease among women. There is always high search to find a cure for cancer. Plant compounds have been identified that they have anti-cancer properties. There- fore, phyto-compounds can be potential for the development of new drugs. In this research, three-dimensional (3- D) structure of breast cancer cell line proteins, tumor suppressor gene (p53), caspase-3 and retinoblastoma-1 were generated and docking with plant compounds (garcinone E, triterpenoid and gallic acid respectively) was studied. Methods: The three-dimensional models of proteins were built using SWISS model. Then, the physical and chemical characters of the protein models were determined using ExPASy - ProtParam tool. Next, the proteins were assessed using validation tools such as PROCHECK, ProQ, ERRAT and Verify 3D programs. Results: The results show that the proteins were stable. Lastly, the protein models were docked successfully with garcinone E, triterpenoid and gallic acid respectively using BSP-slim server. The docking scores of the protein-phyto-compound complexes (p53-garci- none E, caspase-3- triterpenoid and Rb1-gallic acid) were 3.873, 4.321 and 3.051 respectively. The proteins had a stable bond with phyto-compounds. Conclusion: The study of the protein-phyto-compound complex interaction will aid in designing new clinical drugs.
Introduction: Diabetes characterized by hyperglycemia can cause long term damages and malfunction of different organ and systems, especially the eye, kidney, nerve and cardiovascular systems. The main problem in Diabetes Mellitus patients is a difficulty in regulating blood glucose levels. Various attempts were made to reduce blood sugar levels so that patients can be free from insulin. Exercise and diet are the primary therapies in DM patients, but apart from that, relaxation techniques can help patients reduce stress and anxiety levels, which will ultimately have a good effect on lowering glucose levels in the blood. Benson relaxation techniques modified with aromatherapy are expected to provide a relaxing effect so that this condition can have a better impact on reducing blood glucose. The present study aims to look at the effect of Benson relaxation exercises and aromatherapy on blood glucose levels. Methods: The researchers intervened in two groups of respondents. The intervention group conducted Benson relax- ation exercises and aromatherapy while the control group only conducted Benson relaxation. Results: Differences in the average blood glucose levels before and after exercise in the intervention group and in the control group has been observed. Relaxation conditions will provide a good impact for DM patients because at the time of relaxation stress hormones that trigger an increase in blood glucose levels, will not be released by the body. Conclusion: Present study shows that Benson relaxation exercise and aromatherapy is effective for lowering glucose levels.