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  1. Godil DI, Ahmad P, Ashraf MS, Sarwat S, Sharif A, Shabib-Ul-Hasan S, et al.
    Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2021 May;28(17):21486-21498.
    PMID: 33415625 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11839-0
    This study is a scholarly effort to broaden the existing literature on the impact of transportation services, urbanization, and financial development on ecological footprints in Pakistan. Data used in this study covers the period of 39 years from 1980 to 2018. This study adopted the QARDL model to tackle the non-linear association of variables and test their long-run stability across the different quantiles. The findings of this study indicated a significant negative association of transportation services and financial development with ecological footprints in Pakistan at almost all quantiles whereas, the urban population was found to be positively associated with the ecological footprint in Pakistan. Results also justify the existence of the EKC hypothesis in the scenario of Pakistan. Policymakers are advised to frame strategies for investors to invest more in eco-friendly projects to curtail the ecological footprints in Pakistan. Minimizing the dependency of the transportation sector on fossil fuel, and increased use of energy-efficient appliances in the urban population would be beneficial to control the negative influence on ecological footprints in Pakistan.
  2. Young PJ, Al-Fares A, Aryal D, Arabi YM, Ashraf MS, Bagshaw SM, et al.
    Crit Care Resusc, 2023 Jun;25(2):106-112.
    PMID: 37876605 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccrj.2023.04.008
    BACKGROUND: The effect of conservative vs. liberal oxygen therapy on 90-day in-hospital mortality in adults with sepsis receiving unplanned invasive mechanical ventilation in the intensive care unit (ICU) is uncertain.

    OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to summarise the protocol and statistical analysis plan for the Mega-ROX Sepsis trial.

    DESIGN SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: The Mega-ROX Sepsis trial is an international randomised clinical trial that will be conducted within an overarching 40,000-patient registry-embedded clinical trial comparing conservative and liberal ICU oxygen therapy regimens. We anticipate that between 10,000 and 13,000 patients with sepsis who are receiving unplanned invasive mechanical ventilation in the ICU will be enrolled in this trial.

    MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome is in-hospital all-cause mortality up to 90 days from the date of randomisation. Secondary outcomes include duration of survival, duration of mechanical ventilation, ICU length of stay, hospital length of stay, and the proportion of patients discharged home.

    RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Mega-ROX Sepsis will compare the effect of conservative vs. liberal oxygen therapy on 90-day in-hospital mortality in adults with sepsis who are receiving unplanned invasive mechanical ventilation in the ICU. The protocol and a prespecified approach to analyses are reported here to mitigate analysis bias.

  3. Young PJ, Al-Fares A, Aryal D, Arabi YM, Ashraf MS, Bagshaw SM, et al.
    Crit Care Resusc, 2023 Mar;25(1):53-59.
    PMID: 37876994 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccrj.2023.04.011
    BACKGROUND: The effect of conservative vs. liberal oxygen therapy on 90-day in-hospital mortality in adults who have nonhypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy acute brain injuries and conditions and are receiving invasive mechanical ventilation in the intensive care unit (ICU) is uncertain.

    OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to summarise the protocol and statistical analysis plan for the Mega-ROX Brains trial.

    DESIGN SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: Mega-ROX Brains is an international randomised clinical trial, which will be conducted within an overarching 40,000-participant, registry-embedded clinical trial comparing conservative and liberal ICU oxygen therapy regimens. We expect to enrol between 7500 and 9500 participants with nonhypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy acute brain injuries and conditions who are receiving unplanned invasive mechanical ventilation in the ICU.

    MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome is in-hospital all-cause mortality up to 90 d from the date of randomisation. Secondary outcomes include duration of survival, duration of mechanical ventilation, ICU length of stay, hospital length of stay, and the proportion of participants discharged home.

    RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Mega-ROX Brains will compare the effect of conservative vs. liberal oxygen therapy regimens on 90-day in-hospital mortality in adults in the ICU with acute brain injuries and conditions. The protocol and planned analyses are reported here to mitigate analysis bias.

    TRIAL REGISTRATION: Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN 12620000391976).

  4. Young PJ, Al-Fares A, Aryal D, Arabi YM, Ashraf MS, Bagshaw SM, et al.
    Crit Care Resusc, 2024 Jun;26(2):87-94.
    PMID: 39072241 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccrj.2024.03.004
    BACKGROUND: The effect of conservative vs. liberal oxygen therapy on 90-day in-hospital mortality in adults with hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE) following a cardiac arrest who are receiving invasive mechanical ventilation in the intensive care unit (ICU) is uncertain.

    OBJECTIVE: To summarise the protocol and statistical analysis plan for the Mega-ROX HIE trial.

    DESIGN SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: Mega-ROX HIE is an international randomised clinical trial that will be conducted within an overarching 40,000-participant registry-embedded clinical trial comparing conservative and liberal ICU oxygen therapy regimens. We expect to enrol approximately 4000 participants with suspected HIE following a cardiac arrest who are receiving invasive mechanical ventilation in the ICU.

    MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome is in-hospital all-cause mortality up to 90 days from the date of randomisation. Secondary outcomes include duration of survival, duration of mechanical ventilation, ICU length of stay, hospital length of stay, and the proportion of participants discharged home.

    RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Mega-ROX HIE will compare the effect of conservative vs. liberal oxygen therapy regimens on day-90 in-hospital mortality in adults in the ICU with suspected HIE following a cardiac arrest. The protocol and planned analyses are reported here to mitigate analysis bias.

    TRIAL REGISTRATION: Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN 12620000391976).

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