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Fulltext Urinary iodine excretion in the northeast of Peninsular Malaysia

Mafauzy M, Mohamad WB, Anum MY, Musalmah M

Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 1995 Mar;26(1):138-42.
PMID: 8525401

A total of 2,034 subjects aged 15 years and above from different parts of the State of Kelantan were studied to determine goiter size and urinary iodine excretion. The State was divided into 2 areas - area 1 consisting of localities in the districts near the coast and area 2 consisting of localities in the inland districts. There were 1,050 subjects in area 1 and 984 subjects in areas 2. The mean age (+/- SE) of subjects in areas 1 and 2 were 38.2 + 0.5 and 37.1 +/- 0.5 years, respectively. The prevalence of goiter was 31.4% in area 1 and 45.0% in area 2; the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05). However, the prevalence of large and visible goiters (grades II and III) was only 2.0% in area 1 and 3.3% in area 2; the difference was not statistically significant. The mean (+/- SD) urinary iodine excretion in areas 1 and 2 was 57.1 +/- 2.1 and 56.8 +/- 2.1 micrograms I/g Cr, respectively. The values were below those recommended by WHO. There was no significant difference in urinary iodine excretion between those with and without goiters in both areas and also between the grades of goiters. There were significantly more females with goiters than males in both areas but there was no significant difference in the urinary iodine excretion between the 2 sexes. Thus based on urinary iodine excretion, the iodine intake of the population in this area, was suboptimal and this was associated with a high prevalence of goiter.
Fulltext The prevalence of endemic goitre in Kelantan, Malaysia

Mafauzy M, Wan Mohamad WB, Yasmin Anum MY, Musalmah M, Mustafa BE

Med J Malaysia, 1993 Mar;48(1):64-70.
PMID: 8341174

A large-scale study was undertaken in the state of Kelantan, to determine the prevalence of goitre. A total of 2,450 subjects above the age of 15 years were selected from 31 localities in the state and examination for goitre was done using the technique of Perez. The state was divided into 3 areas--coastal area (area 1), inland area (area 2) and the area in between the coast and the inland area (area 3). The overall prevalence of goitre was 36.8% and the prevalence in areas 1, 2 and 3 were 23.0%, 35.9% and 44.9% respectively and ranged from 6.9% in a locality in area 1 to 59.7% in a locality in area 3. In all areas, the prevalence was higher in females than in males. The prevalence of grades I, II and III goitres were 21.5%, 1.0% and 0.5% respectively in area 1, 33.6%, 1.5% and 0.7% respectively in area 2 and 41.7%, 2.2% and 1.0% respectively in area 3. Amongst age groups, goitre prevalence was highest in the 36 to 45 years age group in area 1 (33.9%), in the 15 to 25 years age group in area 2 (39.6%) and in the 26 to 35 years age group in area 3 (54.3%). In all the areas, goitre prevalence was lowest in the above 56 years age group. We concluded that the prevalence of goitre was high in Kelantan and there were regional differences in the prevalence rate within the state.
Fulltext A study of the fasting diabetic patients during the month of Ramadan

Mafauzy M, Mohammed WB, Anum MY, Zulkifli A, Ruhani AH

Med J Malaysia, 1990 Mar;45(1):14-7.
PMID: 2152063

Twenty two Muslim diabetic patients on oral hypoglycaemic agents were studied during the fasting month of Ramadan to determine the effect of fasting on their diabetic control. All the patients completed their fast during the month. Their mean (+/- standard deviation) blood glucose, serum fructosamine and body weight before the fasting month were 10.7 +/- 4.6 mmol/l, 6.64 +/- 3.64 mmol/l and 60.5 +/- 12.6 kg and by the end of the fasting month were 10.9 +/- 4.4 mmol/1,4.34 +/- 1.08 mmol/l and 59.8 +/- 12.3 kg respectively. There was no significant difference between the blood glucose levels but there were significant reductions in the mean body weight and fructosamine values (p = 0.01 and p = 0.03 respectively). The mean decrease in body weight and fructosamine were 0.7 +/- 1.3 kg and 2.29 +/- 3.09 mmol/l respectively. There were also statistically significant differences between the mean daily calorie content before the fasting and during the fasting month (1480 +/- 326 vs 1193 +/- 378 Cal/day - p less than 0.005) and between the mean daily carbohydrate content (389 +/- 298 vs 187 +/- 46 gm/day - p less than 0.005). In conclusion, fasting was safe for diabetic patients on oral hypoglycaemic agents and it was associated with weight reduction and improvement in the overall diabetic control. This was most likely due to decrease in food intake.
Fulltext Combined assessment of TGF-beta-1 and alpha-fetoprotein values improves specificity in the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma and other chronic liver diseases in Malaysia

Yasmin Anum MY, Looi ML, Nor Aini AH, Merican I, Wahidah A, Mohd Radzi AH, et al.

Med J Malaysia, 2009 Sep;64(3):223-7.
PMID: 20527273 MyJurnal

Transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-beta-1) is a multifunctional cytokine involved in the regulation of growth and differentiation of both normal and transformed cells. The main aim of this study was to determine whether TGF-beta-1 or alpha fetoprotein (AFP) or the combination of the two is a better indicator for hepatocellularcarcinoma (HCC). Serum TGF-beta-1 and AFP were measured by ELISA in 40 healthy subjects, 23 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), 70 patients with hepatitis B, 26 patients with hepatitis C and 16 patients with liver cirrhosis (LC). Patients with liver diseases showed significantly higher serum TGF-beta-1 values (> 3 fold) compared to control subjects. As for serum AFP, significant elevation was only observed for HCC cases. Serum TGF-beta-1 exhibited higher percent sensitivity compared to serum AFP in all liver diseases. Combination of serum TGF-beta-1 and AFP increased specificities in all cases studied. In conclusion, serum TGF-beta-1 is a more sensitive marker for HCC when compared to serum AFP and its specificity is increased when combined with serum AFP.
Fulltext Long term Tai Chi exercise reduced DNA damage and increased lymphocyte apoptosis and proliferation in older adults

Goon JA, Noor Aini AH, Musalmah M, Yasmin Anum MY, Wan Ngah WZ

Med J Malaysia, 2008 Oct;63(4):319-24.
PMID: 19385493 MyJurnal

Effect of Tai Chi exercise on the level of DNA damage using the comet assay, lymphocyte viability and frequency of sister chromatid exchange (SCE) were determined in adults aged above 45. Tai Chi participants of 7 years (n=35), showed higher level of normal DNA and lower level of mild and severely damaged DNA as compared to the sedentary subjects (n=35). The former are suggested to have effective DNA repair mechanism as their frequency of SCE was markedly lower. Higher lymphocyte apoptosis and proliferation found in the Tai Chi participants also indicated that the exercise promotes renewal and regeneration of lymphocytes.
Effect of Tai Chi exercise on DNA damage, antioxidant enzymes, and oxidative stress in middle-age adults

Goon JA, Aini AH, Musalmah M, Anum MY, Nazaimoon WM, Ngah WZ

J Phys Act Health, 2009 Jan;6(1):43-54.
PMID: 19211957

BACKGROUND: The biochemical mechanisms involving oxidative stress to explain the relationship between exercise and healthy aging are still unclear.
METHODS: Tai Chi participants and matched sedentary volunteers age 45 and above were enrolled. Glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) activities; levels of DNA damage using the comet assay; and malondialdehyde (MDA) and advanced glycation end products (AGE) were determined at 0, 6, and 12 months.
RESULTS: Tai Chi subjects had decreased normal and increased mildly damaged DNA with elevated GPx activity after 6 months (n=25). Plasma MDA and AGE concentrations decreased significantly after 12 months (n=15) accompanied by increased SOD activity. This may be attributed to the hormesis effect, whereby mild induction of oxidative stress at the first 6 months of exercise resulted in stimulation of antioxidant defenses. These parameters were unchanged in the sedentary subjects in the first 6 months (n=27) except for elevated SOD activity. After 12 months, the sedentary subjects (n=17) had decreased normal DNA and increased severely damaged DNA with unaltered MDA and AGE levels while SOD and GPx activities were significantly elevated.
CONCLUSION: Regular Tai Chi exercise stimulated endogenous antioxidant enzymes and reduced oxidative damage markers.