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Fulltext Reimplantation of an Extruded Femoral Segment After Gamma Sterilization in A Type IIIA Supracondylar Femur Fracture: A Case Report

Aizah N, Su Y, Shaifulnizam C, MRos M

Malays Orthop J, 2014 Jul;8(2):66-8.
PMID: 25279099 MyJurnal DOI: 10.5704/MOJ.1407.015

Extruded bone is a rare complication of high energy open fractures, and there is only a handful of literature on reimplantation of the extruded segment. No clear guidelines exist regarding timing of reimplantation, stabilization of extruded bone segments, and also bone disinfection and sterilization techniques. Previous reports describe sterilization using thermal or chemical methods. We present a case of successful reimplantation of an extruded metaphyseal segment of femur after gamma sterilization in a fourteen- year old boy.
Early Alterations of Subchondral Bone in the Rat Anterior Cruciate Ligament Transection Model of Osteoarthritis

Aizah N, Chong PP, Kamarul T

Cartilage, 2021 12;13(2_suppl):1322S-1333S.
PMID: 31569963 DOI: 10.1177/1947603519878479

OBJECTIVE: Advances in research have shown that the subchondral bone plays an important role in the propagation of cartilage loss and progression of osteoarthritis (OA), but whether the subchondral bone changes precede or lead to articular cartilage loss remains debatable. In order to elucidate the subchondral bone and cartilage changes that occur in early OA, an experiment using anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) induced posttraumatic OA model of the rat knee was conducted.
DESIGN: Forty-two Sprague Dawley rats were divided into 2 groups: the ACLT group and the nonoperated control group. Surgery was conducted on the ACLT group, and subsequently rats from both groups were sacrificed at 1, 2, and 3 weeks postsurgery. Subchondral bone was evaluated using a high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography scanner, while cartilage was histologically evaluated and scored.
RESULTS: A significant reduction in the subchondral trabecular bone thickness and spacing was found as early as 1 week postsurgery in ACLT rats compared with the nonoperated control. This was subsequently followed by a reduction in bone mineral density and bone fractional volume at week 2, and finally a decrease in the trabecular number at week 3. These changes occurred together with cartilage degeneration as reflected by an increasing Mankin score over all 3 weeks.
CONCLUSIONS: Significant changes in subchondral bone occur very early in OA concurrent with surface articular cartilage degenerative change suggest that factors affecting bone remodeling and resorption together with cartilage matrix degradation occur very early in the disease.
GATA1 mutations in patients with down syndrome and acute megakaryoblastic leukaemia do not always confer a good prognosis

Ariffin H, Garcia JC, Daud SS, Ibrahim K, Aizah N, Ong GB, et al.

Pediatr Blood Cancer, 2009 Jul;53(1):108-11.
PMID: 19260099 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.21983

Children with Down syndrome and acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (DS-AMKL) have been shown to have increased sensitivity to cytarabine based chemotherapy. The excellent prognosis in patients with DS-AMKL may be due to mutations in the GATA1 gene leading to reduced expression of the enzyme cytidine deaminase. This leads to a decreased ability to convert cytarabine into its inactive metabolite, resulting in high intracellular concentration of this cytotoxic agent. We report two cases of DS-AMKL with GATA1 mutations who had poor outcome. These patients had high expression levels of cytidine deaminase mRNA transcripts. We speculate that other factors can affect overall outcome in patients with DS-AMKL irrespective of the presence of GATA1 mutations.

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