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Fulltext The effects of Carica papaya Linn. latex on the healing of burn wounds in rats

Ahmad Nazrun Shuid, Mohd Syukri Anwar, Ahmad Asmadi Yusof

Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia, 2005;3(2):39-47.
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This study was carried out to compare the rate of burn wound healing with the applications of the latex of Carica papaya Linn. (papaya) or of silver sulfadiazine cream (SSD). Partial and full thickness burn wound (2 cm x 2 cm) was induced on the dorsal part of anaesthetized rats by using heated metal plates. The rats were divided into three groups, i.e. untreated group and groups treated daily with SSD and papaya latex, respectively. A digital camera was used to take photographs of the burn wounds daily to monitor their healing. It was found that there was no significant difference in the healing time of papaya latex treated group compared to the SSD treated group. Papaya latex contained digestive enzymes which might clean burn wounds but might also cause wound bleeding in a few rats of the papaya latex group.
Membandingkan kesan antara fraksi-kaya tokotrienol, kalsium dan estrogen terhadap metabolisme tulang tikus terovariektomi

NORLIZA MUHAMMAD, SURAYYA RAZALI, AHMAD NAZRUN SHUID, NORAZLINA MOHAMED, IMA NIRWANA SOELAIMAN

Sains Malaysiana, 2013;42:1591-1597.

Beberapa kajian sebelum ini menunjukkan penglibatan pengaruh tekanan pengoksidaan dalam patogenesis osteoporosis. Justeru agen antioksida berpotensi untuk digunakan bagi merawat dan mencegah osteoporosis. Dalam kajian ini, vitamin E sawit dalam bentuk fraksi-kaya tokotrienol (‘tocotrienol-rich fraction’, TRF) telah digunakan. Perbandingan dibuat antara rawatan TRF, kalsium dan estrogen terhadap parameter histomorfometri struktur tulang, kandungan kalsium dan kekuatan biomekanikal tulang pada tikus betina terovariektomi. Sebanyak 48 ekor tikus betina Sprague-Dawley dibahagikan kepada enam kumpulan, iaitu kawalan asas, sham, ovariektomi (OVX) dan kumpulan ovariektomi yang diberi rawatan samada kalsium, estrogen atau TRF. Rawatan diberikan secara paksaan oral selama dua bulan. Berdasarkan ujian histomorfometri tulang, tikus-tikus terovariektomi yang diberi kalsium, estrogen atau TRF menunjukkan peningkatan isi padu trabekular dan pengurangan jarak antara tulang trabekular secara signifikan berbanding dengan tikus kawalan ovariektomi. Disamping itu, rawatan estrogen dan TRF meningkatkan ketebalan trabekular secara signifikan berbanding dengan kumpulan OVX dan kalsium. Melalui ujian kandungan kalsium tulang, tikus yang diberi rawatan kalsium mempunyai aras kandungan kalsium dalam vertebra lumbar ke-empat yang lebih tinggi berbanding dengan kumpulan sham dan OVX. Kesimpulannya, rawatan kalsium, estrogen dan TRF berupaya memberikan kesan positif terhadap struktur tulang trabekular. TRF dan estrogen mampu mencegah penipisan tulang. Rawatan kalsium meningkatkan kandungan kalsium tulang, namun ia tidak berupaya untuk mencegah penipisan tulang.
Beneficial effects of tocotrienol and tocopherol on bone histomorphometric parameters in sprague-dawley male rats after nicotine cessation

Hermizi H, Faizah O, Ima-Nirwana S, Ahmad Nazrun S, Norazlina M

Calcif. Tissue Int., 2009 Jan;84(1):65-74.
PMID: 19020790 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-008-9190-x

This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of three forms of vitamin E supplements following nicotine treatment on bone histomorphometric parameters in an adult male rat model. Rats were divided into seven groups: baseline (B, killed without treatment), control (C, normal saline for 4 months), nicotine (N, nicotine for 2 months), nicotine cessation (NC), tocotrienol-enhanced fraction (TEF), gamma-tocotrienol (GTT), and alpha-tocopherol (ATF). Treatments for the NC, TEF, GTT, and ATF groups were performed in two phases. For the first 2 months they were given nicotine (7 mg/kg), and for the following 2 months nicotine administration was stopped and treatments with respective vitamin E preparations (60 mg/kg) were commenced except for the NC group, which was allowed to recover without treatment. Rats in the N and NC groups had lower trabecular bone volume, mineral appositional rate (MAR), and bone formation rate (BFR/BS) and higher single labeled surface and osteoclast surface compared to the C group. Vitamin E treatment reversed these nicotine effects. Both the TEF and GTT groups, but not the ATF group, had a significantly higher trabecular thickness but lower eroded surface (ES/BS) than the C group. The tocotrienol-treated groups had lower ES/BS than the ATF group. The GTT group showed a significantly higher MAR and BFR/BS than the TEF and ATF groups. In conclusion, nicotine induced significant bone loss, while vitamin E supplements not only reversed the effects but also stimulated bone formation significantly above baseline values. Tocotrienol was shown to be slightly superior compared to tocopherol. Thus, vitamin E, especially GTT, may have therapeutic potential to repair bone damage caused by chronic smoking.
Fulltext Stichopus chloronotus aqueous extract as a chondroprotective agent for human chondrocytes isolated from osteoarthitis articular cartilage in vitro

Mohd Heikal MY, Ahmad Nazrun S, Chua KH, Norzana AG

Cytotechnology, 2019 Apr;71(2):521-537.
PMID: 30719603 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-019-00298-2

The proinflammatory cytokines, metalloproteinases family (MMPs), inflammatory mediators PGE2, COX-2 and NO are the most important group of compounds responsible for the loss of metabolic homeostasis of articular cartilage by promoting catabolic and destructive processes in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA). Stichopus chloronotus, a marine sea cucumber which is rich in n-3 PUFAs and phenolic compound, may exert a favorable influence on the course of the disease. The objective of this study was to investigate the regeneration and anti-inflammatory potential of S. chloronotus aqueous extract (SCAE) on human OA articular chondrocytes (HOC).
METHODS: The HOC isolated from knee joint cartilage removed during surgery were cultured with SCAE for 7 days. The effect of SCAE on anabolic and catabolic gene expression was verified by real-time PCR. Monolayer chondrocytes were stained with toluidine blue whereas sGAG, NO and PGE2 production in medium were analyzed by ELISA.
RESULTS: The HOC cultured in various SCAE have polygonal morphology maintaining their chondrocytes characteristic. SAE supplementation tested was found to be effective pro-chondrogenic, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative agents, as evidenced by upregulation of cartilage specific markers collagen type II, aggrecan core protein and sox-9 expression and downregulation of collagen type 1, IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, MMP-1, MMP-3, MMP-13, COX-2, iNOS and PAR-2 expression. The presence of SCAE in the culture was able to increase sGAG and reduce NO and PGE2 production significantly.
CONCLUSIONS: These results suggested that SCAE demonstrated chondroprotective ability by suppressing catabolic activities, oxidative damage and effectively promoting chondrocytes growth.
Calcaneal quantitative ultrasound value for middle-aged and elderly Malaysian Chinese men and its association with age and body anthropometry

Chin KY, Ima-Nirwana S, Isa Naina M, Norazlina M, Ahmad Nazrun S, Norliza M, et al.

J Clin Densitom, 2012 Jan-Mar;15(1):86-91.
PMID: 22169197 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocd.2011.09.004

Quantitative ultrasound (QUS) is a relatively easy, reliable, and safe method for bone status assessment, but reference data for Asian males remain scarce. Our study aimed to determine the values for one QUS parameter, the speed of sound (SOS) at the calcaneus, in Malaysian Chinese men and to determine the association between the SOS and several demographic characteristics, such as age, weight, height, and body mass index. Three hundred forty-eight Malaysian Chinese men aged 40 yr and older were recruited, and their calcaneal QUS value was determined using the CM-200 densitometer (Furuno Electric, Nishinomiya City, Japan). The results indicated a significant correlation between SOS and age, and multiple stepwise regression analysis indicated that age and height were important predictors of SOS. A significant reduction in SOS value was observed when men 60 yr and older were compared with men aged 40-49 yr. Compared with the reference data for Japanese males, Chinese men in Malaysia showed higher SOS values across all the age groups studied. In conclusion, there is an age-related decrease in SOS values in Malaysian Chinese men, and the SOS values established in this study can be used as a reference for future studies.