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Fulltext Spatial distribution of COVID-19 cases, epidemic spread rate, spatial pattern, and its correlation with meteorological factors during the first to the second waves

Rendana M, Idris WMR, Abdul Rahim S

J Infect Public Health, 2021 Oct;14(10):1340-1348.
PMID: 34301503 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2021.07.010

Currently, many countries all over the world are facing the second wave of COVID-19. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the spatial distribution of COVID-19 cases, epidemic spread rate, spatial pattern during the first to the second waves in the South Sumatra Province of Indonesia. This study used the geographical information system (GIS) software to map the spatial distribution of COVID-19 cases and epidemic spread rate. The spatial autocorrelation of the COVID-19 cases was carried out using Moran's I, while the Pearson correlation was used to examining the relationship between meteorological factors and the epidemic spread rate. Most infected areas and the direction of virus spread were predicted using wind rose analysis. The results revealed that the epidemic rapidly spread from August 1 to December 1, 2020. The highest epidemic spread rate was observed in the Palembang district and in its peripheral areas (dense urban areas), while the lowest spread rate was found in the eastern and southern parts of South Sumatra Province (remote areas). The spatial correlation characteristic of the epidemic distribution exhibited a negative correlation and random distribution. Air temperature, wind speed, and precipitation have contributed to a significant impact on the high epidemic spread rate in the second wave. In summary, this study offers new insight for arranging control and prevention strategies against the potential of second wave strike.
Observations on malnutrition and anti-TB drugs in Ghana

Muyou AJ, Kunasagran PD, Syed Abdul Rahim SS, Avoi R, Hayati F

Int J Tuberc Lung Dis, 2021 Sep 01;25(9):778-779.
PMID: 34802506 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.21.0258
Impact of spatial separation for respiratory patients on emergency department flow process intervals and length of stay

Noor Azhar AM, Zambri SNA, Bustam A, Abdul Rahim SJ, Ramli A, Poh K

J Hosp Infect, 2024 Sep;151:92-98.
PMID: 38908754 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2024.06.001

BACKGROUND: Spatial separation in emergency departments (EDs) is empirically practised as part of transmission-based precaution. Despite its potential benefits in segregating potentially infectious patients, the effects of spatial separation on patient flow remain uncertain.
AIM: To explore the impact of spatial separation on ED patient flow and to identify specific clinical factors and flow process intervals (FPIs) influencing ED length of stay (EDLOS).
METHODS: This was a retrospective study of data extracted from patients' electronic medical records from January 1st to March 31st, 2022 conducted at the ED of a tertiary hospital in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. During this period, patients were separated into respiratory areas (RA) and non-respiratory areas (NRA) based on Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommendations. The study obtained ethics approval from the institution's ethics board.
FINDINGS: A total of 1054 patients were included in the study, 275 allocated to RA and 779 to NRA. Patients in RA had a significantly longer median EDLOS compared with NRA (9 h 29 min vs 7 h 6 min, P < 0.001, d = 0.41). A lower proportion of patients in RA achieved an EDLOS ≤8 h compared to NRA (41.8% vs 58.3%, P < 0.001). Independent factors affecting EDLOS were: triage category; re-triaging; hypertension; performing biomedical imaging; medical, surgical, and critical care consultations; and disposition plan. Bottlenecks significantly prolonging EDLOS were decision-to-departure, ultrasound interval, and referral-to-consultation.
CONCLUSION: Spatial separation prolongs FPIs and EDLOS. Addressing inpatient access block and streamlining specialty review and biomedical imaging processes may reduce RA EDLOS.
Malignant Transformation of Juvenile Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis

Muhammad Fauzi HG, Mohan Singh AS, Abdul Rahim S, Chooi LL, Ramasamy V, Mohamad Pakarul Razy NH, et al.

Gulf J Oncolog, 2021 May;1(36):79-81.
PMID: 35017141

Malignant transformation of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) is a rare entity occurring in only less than 5% of patients with RRP. The risk of transformation can arise even in the absence of risk factors such as smoking and radiation. We describe a patient with juvenile RRP diagnosed since childhood, who suffered malignant transformation into a squamous cell carcinoma after 29 years. Keywords: Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis; laryngeal neoplasms; squamous cell carcinoma; human papilloma-virus.