Social participation with reference to older persons refers to their integration into the social network of their family and friends, as well as their integration into the communities they live in and into the society as a whole, in as much as their socialization and engagement in recreational, cultural, educational, and spiritual activities are concerned. A social network is a network of social interactions and personal relationships, which are very essential for an individual’s well-being. People are linked together with family and friends, and also with wider communities on account of shared interests, sympathies or living circumstances. Individuals may also form less cordial networks with people whom they encounter through various activities and life situations. Developing and maintaining social relations and social communications are essential and necessary among eldely. However, due to illness and health problems among elderly, they tend to be alone and lost contact with their peers. In addition, getting older reduces the number of friends, and if we add the loss of the own partner, may lead to their social isolation. Such situations are likely to grow increasingly, given the global demographic changes.
Osteoporosis defined as a skeletal disorder characterized by reduced bone strength predisposing a person to an increased risk of fracture. Osteoporosis is a major and growing public health problem in both sexes particularly in women. It is a condition in which the bone become brittle and fragile, due to hormonal changes as well as vitamin D and calcium deficiency. The objective of this study to determine the level of knowledge, attitude and practices of osteoporosis prevention among menopause in Salak South, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. A total of 228 respondents have participated in this study with the age of 30 years old and above. Data was collected and then analyzed by using SPSS version 23.0. Independent T test were used for data analysis. About 61.8% respondents had a good knowledge score, 98.2% had a good attitude score and 86.5% had a good practice score. The level of knowledge, attitude and practice were associated significantly with marital status (p>0.05). In conclusion, there is a need to increase health promotion activities via various form of social media and the rough community based health education to create awareness about the disease which would to help lower burden of disease in society and
Introduction. The neighborhoods where the children live play an important role in their development physically and mentally. The objective of this study was to assess the relationship between neighborhood safety and child nutritional status in Baghdad city, Iraq. Methods. A cross-sectional study was carried out in Baghdad city, Iraq, among 400 primary school children from 4 schools. BMI-for-age Z score was used to assess the nutritional status of the children. Newly developed questionnaires on neighborhood safety were distributed to the parents to answer them. Results. In this study, males were more predominant than females with 215 participants compared to 185 females. A total of 49% were normal weight, 38.8% either overweight or obese, and only 12.2% underweight. There was a significant relationship between father education, father and mother working status, family income, and children nutritional status (P = 0.10, 0.009, <0.001, 0.37), respectively. The association between neighborhood safety variables and child nutritional status was significant except for worrying about child safety and thinking of leaving the neighborhood (P = 0.082, 0.084), respectively. Conclusion. Nutritional status of school children continues to be a public health issue in Iraq especially Baghdad city. There was a significant association between neighborhood safety and children nutritional status.