Displaying publications 161 - 180 of 2140 in total

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  1. Fulltext Targeted delivery of brain-derived neurotrophic factor for the treatment of blindness and deafness
    Khalin I, Alyautdin R, Kocherga G, Bakar MA
    Int J Nanomedicine, 2015;10:3245-67.
    PMID: 25995632 DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S77480
    Neurodegenerative causes of blindness and deafness possess a major challenge in their clinical management as proper treatment guidelines have not yet been found. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been established as a promising therapy against neurodegenerative disorders including hearing and visual loss. Unfortunately, the blood-retinal barrier and blood-cochlear barrier, which have a comparable structure to the blood-brain barrier prevent molecules of larger sizes (such as BDNF) from exiting the circulation and reaching the targeted cells. Anatomical features of the eye and ear allow use of local administration, bypassing histo-hematic barriers. This paper focuses on highlighting a variety of strategies proposed for the local administration of the BDNF, like direct delivery, viral gene therapy, and cell-based therapy, which have been shown to successfully improve development, survival, and function of spiral and retinal ganglion cells. The similarities and controversies for BDNF treatment of posterior eye diseases and inner ear diseases have been analyzed and compared. In this review, we also focus on the possibility of translation of this knowledge into clinical practice. And finally, we suggest that using nanoparticulate drug-delivery systems may substantially contribute to the development of clinically viable techniques for BDNF delivery into the cochlea or posterior eye segment, which, ultimately, can lead to a long-term or permanent rescue of auditory and optic neurons from degeneration.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mice
  2. The kinin system and prostaglandins in the intestine
    Sharma JN
    Pharmacol. Toxicol., 1988 Nov;63(5):310-6.
    PMID: 3070519
    Matched MeSH terms: Mice
  3. The movement of the dye (disulphine blue) from blood into brain tissue examined by dye method in normal and Plasmodium berghei infected mice
    Migasena P, Maegraith BG
    Med J Malaya, 1968 Mar;22(3):252.
    PMID: 4234391
    Matched MeSH terms: Mice
  4. Experimental salmonella infections: immunity studies
    Singh RB
    Med J Malaya, 1966 Dec;21(2):177-98.
    PMID: 4227390
    Matched MeSH terms: Mice
  5. Fulltext The Diet for Edible-Nest Swiftlets: Nutritional Composition and Cost of Life Stages of Megaselia scalaris Loew (Diptera: Phoridae) Bred on 3 Commercial Breeding Materials
    Ahmad H, Ong SQ, Tan EH
    Int J Insect Sci, 2019;11:1179543318823533.
    PMID: 30675104 DOI: 10.1177/1179543318823533
    Megaselia scalaris (Loew) is one of the best-known diets for the swiftlet. Previous studies have addressed the problem of some mass rearing conditions for this insect; unfortunately, the details of the nutritional composition of the life stages and cost of the breeding materials were insufficiently reported, even though this information is crucial for farming the edible-nest swiftlet. We aimed to investigate the nutritional composition of the life stages of M scalaris on a cost basis using 3 common commercial breeding materials: chicken pellets (CPs), fish pellets (FPs), and mouse pellets (MPs). Modified Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) proximate and mineral analyses were carried out on the insect's third instar larvae, pupal, and adult stages to determine the nutritional composition. Regardless of the breeding materials, the adult stage of M scalaris had significantly higher crude protein than the other stages; the pupae were rich in calcium, which is required for egg production; and the third instar larvae had the highest amount of crude fat compared with the other stages. Regarding the energy content, there were no significant differences among the stages according to the breeding materials. In terms of nutritional cost, CP was the most economic breeding material and generated the highest amount of nutrients per US dollar (US $). Different life stages of M scalaris were used by the swiftlets by supplying the required nutrients, and future studies should focus on effective diet feeding methods.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mice
  6. Fulltext Comparison of Phytochemicals, Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Sun-, Oven- and Freeze-Dried Ginger Extracts
    Mustafa I, Chin NL, Fakurazi S, Palanisamy A
    Foods, 2019 Oct 06;8(10).
    PMID: 31590464 DOI: 10.3390/foods8100456
    The effects of different drying methods, including sun-, oven-, and freeze-drying on the changes in the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of ginger (Zingiber officinale var. Rubra) rhizome were studied. Sun-, oven-, and freeze-dried ginger showed a significant (p < 0.05) increase in phenolic content by 1.79, 1.53, and 1.91-fold; flavonoid content increased by 6.06, 5.27, and 4.90-fold; FRAP increased by 3.95, 3.51, and 3.15-fold; ABTS•+ scavenging activity increased by 2.07, 1.72, and 1.61-fold; and DPPH• inhibition increased by 78%, 58%, and 56%, respectively. Dried ginger also exhibited better inhibitory effects on the lipopolysaccharides-induced nitric oxide production in murine macrophage RAW 264.7. The drying process demonstrated a positive effect on the bioactivities of ginger. The sun-dried ginger exhibited the most potent antioxidant properties with the best enhanced anti-inflammatory activity followed by the oven-dried ginger and lastly, the freeze-dried ginger.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mice
  7. Fulltext V-Shaped Bending Support helps in 3-Point Bending Test experiment for small mice bone
    Noor Shafini Mohamad, Mohd Hafizi Mahmud
    Jurnal Inovasi Malaysia, 2020;4(1):1-14.
    MyJurnal
    Three-point bending test is one of the main methods used in long bones to characterise bone material and determine the biomechanical properties. We have examined the mechanical competencies of the mouse bones at four-week-old by using a three-point bending jig so that the potential genotype-related deficiencies in mechanical properties of bones explored. The available bending jig was not suitable for small animal model and may cause slippage when applying the load. The tibial gross length measurements of the four-week-old mouse measured using the proximal anatomical point of the centre of the condyles to the distal anatomical significance of the medial malleolus (~16 mm). The mid tibia diameter measurement is taken at the middle tibia (~1 mm) and metaphyseal diameter (~3 mm). The bending jig was custom-made, where both ends support were cut in a v-shape to provide stability. The tibias were mechanically tested with the v-shape support under three-point bending using a Bose ElectroForce® 3200 until failure. The test revealed a significant result of flexural strength, work-to-fracture and strain to failure obtained from the load-displacement curves. The finding may be useful in the studies of quantitative assessments of the strength and toughness of small animal bones.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mice
  8. Fulltext Comparing the genomes of Helicobacter pylori clinical strain UM032 and Mice-adapted derivatives
    Khosravi Y, Rehvathy V, Wee WY, Wang S, Baybayan P, Singh S, et al.
    Gut Pathog, 2013;5:25.
    PMID: 23957912 DOI: 10.1186/1757-4749-5-25
    Helicobacter pylori is a Gram-negative bacterium that persistently infects the human stomach inducing chronic inflammation. The exact mechanisms of pathogenesis are still not completely understood. Although not a natural host for H. pylori, mouse infection models play an important role in establishing the immunology and pathogenicity of H. pylori. In this study, for the first time, the genome sequences of clinical H. pylori strain UM032 and mice-adapted derivatives, 298 and 299, were sequenced using the PacBio Single Molecule, Real-Time (SMRT) technology.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mice
  9. NMR metabolomics for evaluating passage number and harvesting effects on mammalian cell metabolome
    Abdul-Hamid NA, Abas F, Maulidiani M, Ismail IS, Tham CL, Swarup S, et al.
    Anal Biochem, 2019 07 01;576:20-32.
    PMID: 30970239 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2019.04.001
    The variation in the extracellular metabolites of RAW 264.7 cells obtained from different passage numbers (passage 9, 12 and 14) was examined. The impact of different harvesting protocols (trypsinization and scraping) on recovery of intracellular metabolites was then assessed. The similarity and variation in the cell metabolome was investigated using 1H NMR metabolic profiling modeled using multivariate data analysis. The characterization and quantification of metabolites was performed to determine the passage-related and harvesting-dependent effects on impacted metabolic networks. The trypsinized RAW cells from lower passages gave higher intensities of most identified metabolites, including asparagine, serine and tryptophan. Principal component analysis revealed variation between cells from different passages and harvesting methods, as indicated by the formation of clusters in score plot. Analysis of S-plots revealed metabolites that acted as biomarkers in discriminating cells from different passages including acetate, serine, lactate and choline. Meanwhile lactate, glutamine and pyruvate served as biomarkers for differentiating trypsinized and scraped cells. In passage-dependent effects, glycolysis and TCA cycle were influential, whereas glycerophospholipid metabolism was affected by the harvesting method. Overall, it is proposed that typsinized RAW cells from lower passage numbers are more appropriate when conducting experiments related to NMR metabolomics.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mice
  10. Fulltext Bone Marrow Oxidative Stress and Acquired Lineage-Specific Genotoxicity in Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cells Exposed to 1,4-Benzoquinone
    Mathialagan RD, Abd Hamid Z, Ng QM, Rajab NF, Shuib S, Binti Abdul Razak SR
    Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2020 08 13;17(16).
    PMID: 32823552 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17165865
    Hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) are susceptible to benzene-induced genotoxicity. However, little is known about the mechanism of DNA damage response affecting lineage-committed progenitors for myeloid, erythroid, and lymphoid. Here, we investigated the genotoxicity of a benzene metabolite, 1,4-benzoquinone (1,4-BQ), in HSPCs using oxidative stress and lineage-directed approaches. Mouse bone marrow cells (BMCs) were exposed to 1,4-BQ (1.25-12 μM) for 24 h, followed by oxidative stress and genotoxicity assessments. Then, the genotoxicity of 1,4-BQ in lineage-committed progenitors was evaluated using colony forming cell assay following 7-14 days of culture. 1,4-BQ exposure causes significant decreases (p < 0.05) in glutathione level and superoxide dismutase activity, along with significant increases (p < 0.05) in levels of malondialdehyde and protein carbonyls. 1,4-BQ exposure induces DNA damage in BMCs by significantly (p < 0.05) increased percentages of DNA in tail at 7 and 12 μM and tail moment at 12 μM. We found crucial differences in genotoxic susceptibility based on percentages of DNA in tail between lineage-committed progenitors. Myeloid and pre-B lymphoid progenitors appeared to acquire significant DNA damage as compared with the control starting from a low concentration of 1,4-BQ exposure (2.5 µM). In contrast, the erythroid progenitor showed significant damage as compared with the control starting at 5 µM 1,4-BQ. Meanwhile, a significant (p < 0.05) increase in tail moment was only notable at 7 µM and 12 µM 1,4-BQ exposure for all progenitors. Benzene could mediate hematological disorders by promoting bone marrow oxidative stress and lineage-specific genotoxicity targeting HSPCs.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mice
  11. Phytochemical survey of Malaysian plants preliminary chemical and pharmacological screening
    Nakanishi K, Sasaki S, Kiang AK, Goh J, Kakisawa H, Ohashi M, et al.
    Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo), 1965 Jul;13(7):882-90.
    PMID: 5867816
    Matched MeSH terms: Mice
  12. Diet-related gut microbial metabolites and sensing in hypertension
    R Muralitharan R, Marques FZ
    J Hum Hypertens, 2021 02;35(2):162-169.
    PMID: 32733062 DOI: 10.1038/s41371-020-0388-3
    Advances in sequencing technology have increased our understanding of the composition of the gut microbiota and their contribution to health and disease states, including in cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension. The gut microbiota is heavily influenced by diet and produce metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) from various food sources. SCFAs, such as acetate, propionate, and butyrate, have been shown to have blood pressure, cardiac hypertrophy, and fibrosis lowering properties, while TMAO has been associated with increased risk of major cardiovascular adverse events and mortality. Some of these metabolites have known ligands (for example, SCFA receptors such as GPR41, GPR43, GPR109a, and Olf78 in mice/OR51E2 in humans) which could potentially be manipulated as therapeutic targets for hypertension. In this review, we discuss several types of diet-related gut microbial metabolites and their sensing mechanisms that are relevant for hypertension, and the future directions for the field.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mice
  13. Functional evaluation of a recombinant fungal immunomodulatory protein from L. rhinocerus produced in P. pastoris and E. coli host expression systems
    Ejike UC, Chan CJ, Lim CSY, Lim RLH
    Appl Microbiol Biotechnol, 2021 Apr;105(7):2799-2813.
    PMID: 33763709 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11225-x
    Fungal immunomodulatory proteins (FIPs) are bioactive proteins with immunomodulatory properties. We previously reported the heterologous production in Escherichia coli of FIP-Lrh from Tiger milk mushroom (Lignosus rhinocerus) with potent cytotoxic effect on cancer cell lines. However, protein produced in E. coli lacks post-translational modifications and may be contaminated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) endotoxin. Therefore, in this study, yFIP-Lrh produced in Pichia pastoris was functionally compared with eFIP-Lrh produced in E. coli. Expression construct of FIP-Lrh cDNA in pPICZα was generated, transformed into P. pastoris X-33 and Mut+ transformants were verified by colony PCR. Induction with 0.5% or 1% methanol resulted in a secreted 13.6 kDa yFIP-Lrh which was subsequently purified and verified using LCMS/MS analysis. Size exclusion chromatography confirmed eFIP-Lrh as a homodimer whereas the larger size of yFIP-Lrh may indicate post-translational modification despite negative for glycoproteins staining. At lower concentration (4-8 μg/mL), yFIP-Lrh induced significantly higher Th1 (IFN-γ, TNF-α) and Th2 (IL-6, IL-4, IL-5, IL-13) cytokines production in mice splenocytes, whereas 16 μg/mL eFIP-Lrh induced significantly higher pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10), possibly due to higher residual LPS endotoxin (0.082 EU/mL) in eFIP-Lrh compared to negligible level in yFIP-Lrh (0.001 EU/mL). Furthermore, yFIP-Lrh showed higher cytotoxic effect on MCF-7 and HeLa cancer cells. Since both recombinant proteins of FIP-Lrh have the same peptide sequence, besides glycosylation, other post-translational modifications in yFIP-Lrh may account for its enhanced immunomodulatory and anti-proliferative activities. In conclusion, P. pastoris is preferred over E. coli for production of a functionally active yFIP-Lrh devoid of endotoxin contamination. KEY POINTS: • FIP-Lrh can induced production of Th1 and Th2 cytokines by mouse splenocytes. • Higher cytotoxic effect on cancer cells observed for yeast compared to E. coli produced FIP-Lrh. • P. pastoris allows production of an endotoxin-free and functionally active recombinant FIP-Lrh.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mice
  14. In vitro evaluation of antioxidant and antibacterial activities of Eucheuma cottonii extract and its in vivo evaluation of the wound-healing activity in mice
    Teo BSX, Gan RY, Abdul Aziz S, Sirirak T, Mohd Asmani MF, Yusuf E
    J Cosmet Dermatol, 2021 Mar;20(3):993-1001.
    PMID: 32659861 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.13624
    BACKGROUND: Eucheuma Cottonii is a type of red algae obtained from Sabah with main active component, sulfated polysaccharide or k-carrageenan.

    AIMS: The objective of this research was to evaluate the antioxidant, antibacterial and potential wound-healing properties in aqueous extraction of E cottonii in order to meet the increasing demand for halal and natural cosmeceutical products.

    METHODS AND RESULTS: Aqueous extract of E cottonii was investigated for active compounds by phytochemical screening and IR spectroscopy. Antioxidant activity was carried out using DPPH method, and the IC50 value was 1.99 mg/mL. Antibacterial activity was examined against Staphylococcus Aureus using Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method and showed 10.03 ± 0.06 mm zone of inhibition, achieved by 200 mg/mL of extracts. A wound was made by skin excision of area around 100 mm2 on each mouse. Test group was treated with aqueous extract gel (10% w/w); meanwhile, the mice that were treated with honey acted as the positive control group and the untreated mice as negative control group. Results showed that the wound contraction rate inclined to aqueous extracts as compared to untreated group (P 

    Matched MeSH terms: Mice
  15. Fulltext The effects of dietary edible bird nest supplementation on learning and memory functions of multigenerational mice
    Mahaq O, P Rameli MA, Jaoi Edward M, Mohd Hanafi N, Abdul Aziz S, Abu Hassim H, et al.
    Brain Behav, 2020 11;10(11):e01817.
    PMID: 32886435 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1817
    INTRODUCTION: Edible bird nest (EBN) is a natural food product produced from edible nest swiftlet's saliva which consists of glycoproteins as one of its main components; these glycoproteins contain an abundant of sialic acid. The dietary EBN supplementation has been reported to enhance brain functions in mammals and that the bioactivities and nutritional value of EBN are important during periods of rapid brain growth particularly for preterm infant. However, the effects of EBN in maternal on multigeneration learning and memory function still remain unclear. Thus, the present study aimed to determine the effects of maternal EBN supplementation on learning and memory function of their first (F1)- and second (F2)-generation mice.

    METHODS: CJ57BL/6 breeder F0 mice were fed with EBN (10 mg/kg) from different sources. After 6 weeks of diet supplementations, the F0 animals were bred to produce F1 and F2 animals. At 6 weeks of age, the F1 and F2 animals were tested for spatial recognition memory using a Y-maze test. The sialic acid content from EBN and brain gene expression were analyzed using HPLC and PCR, respectively.

    RESULTS: All EBN samples contained glycoprotein with high level of sialic acid. Dietary EBN supplementation also showed an upregulation of GNE, ST8SiaIV, SLC17A5, and BDNF mRNA associated with an improvement in Y-maze cognitive performance in both generations of animal. Qualitatively, the densities of synaptic vesicles in the presynaptic terminal were higher in the F1 and F2 animals which might derive from maternal EBN supplementation.

    CONCLUSION: This study provided a solid foundation toward the growing research on nutritional intervention from dietary EBN supplementation on cognitive and neurological development in the generation of mammals.

    Matched MeSH terms: Mice
  16. Genus Calliophis of Asiatic coral snakes: A deficiency of venom cross-reactivity and neutralization against seven regional elapid antivenoms
    Tan CH, Liew JL, Tan KY, Tan NH
    Toxicon, 2016 Oct;121:130-133.
    PMID: 27616455 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2016.09.003
    Venoms of Calliophis bivirgata and Calliophis intestinalis exhibited moderate binding activities toward Neuro Bivalent Antivenom (Taiwan) but not the other six elapid monovalent or bivalent antivenoms available in the region. All antivenoms failed to neutralize C. bivirgata venom lethality in mice. The findings indicate the need to validate antivenom cross-reactivity with in vivo cross-neutralization, and imply that distinct antigens of Calliophis venoms should be incorporated in the production of a pan-regional poly-specific antivenom.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mice
  17. Allium sativum mitigates oxidative damages induced by Microcystin-LR in heart and liver tissues of mice
    Ait Abderrahim L, Taibi K, Boussaid M, Al-Shara B, Ait Abderrahim N, Ait Abderrahim S
    Toxicon, 2021 Sep;200:30-37.
    PMID: 34217748 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2021.06.018
    Microcystins (MCs) are hepatotoxic cyanotoxins implicated in several incidents of human and animal toxicity. Microcystin-(Lysine, Arginine) or MC-LR is the most toxic and encountered variant of MCs where oxidative stress plays a key role in its toxicity. This study investigated the oxidative damages induced in the liver and heart of Balb/C mice by an intraperitoneal injected acute dose of MC-LR. Thereafter, the potential protective effect of garlic (Allium sativum) extract supplementation against such damages was assessed through the evaluation of oxidative stress and cytotoxicity markers. Lipid peroxidation (LPO), carbonyl content (CC), glutathione content (GSH), alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH) activities were measured. Results showed important oxidative damages in hepatic and cardiac cells of mice injected with the toxin. However, these damages have been significantly reduced in mice supplemented with garlic extract. Thus, this study demonstrated for the first time the effective use of garlic as an antioxidant agent against oxidative damages induced by MC-LR. As well, this study supports the use of garlic as a potential remedy against pathologies related to toxic agents.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mice
  18. Cardamonin attenuates hyperalgesia and allodynia in a mouse model of chronic constriction injury-induced neuropathic pain: Possible involvement of the opioid system
    Sambasevam Y, Omar Farouk AA, Tengku Mohamad TA, Sulaiman MR, Bharatham BH, Perimal EK
    Eur J Pharmacol, 2017 Feb 05;796:32-38.
    PMID: 27988285 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.12.020
    Neuropathic pain arises from the injury of nervous system. The condition is extremely difficult to be treated due to the ineffectiveness and presence of various adverse effects of the currently available drugs. In the present study, we investigated the antiallodynic and antihyperlagesic properties of cardamonin, a naturally occurring chalcone in chronic constriction injury (CCI)-induced neuropathic pain mice model. Our findings showed that single and repeated dose of intra-peritoneal administration of cardamonin (3, 10, 30mg/kg) significantly inhibited (P<0.001) the chronic constriction injury-induced neuropathic pain using the Hargreaves plantar test, Randall-Selitto analgesiometer test, dynamic plantar anesthesiometer test and the cold plate test in comparison with the positive control drug used (amitriptyline hydrochloride, 20mg/kg, i.p.). Pre-treatment with naloxone hydrochloride (1mg/kg, i.p.) and naloxone methiodide (1mg/kg, s.c) significantly reversed the antiallodynic and antihyperalgesic effects of cardamonin in dynamic plantar anesthesiometer test and Hargreaves plantar test, respectively. In conclusion, the current findings demonstrated novel antiallodynic and antihyperalgesic effects of cardamonin through the activation of the opioidergic system both peripherally and centrally and may prove to be a potent lead compound for the development of neuropathic pain drugs in the future.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mice
  19. Uncovering neural tube defects in humans through candidate gene expression patterns in mouse embryos
    Nor Linda Abdullah, Mustakiza Muslimin, Hoo, Wan Mun, Fahimah Noor Ngah, Sheikh Mohd Norhafiz Abdul Aziz, Nor Syazwani Yip, et al.
    Orient Neuron Nexus, 2010;1(1):2-6.
    MyJurnal
    Neural tube defects (NTDs) are the leading cause of disability in humans arising from the malformation of the central nervous system. The genes responsible and their involvement in causing neural tube defects in humans are poorly understood. Gene expression analysis in a whole organism enables the identification of the possible role of the gene being studied. If the gene is expressed in a particular tissue at a certain period of development, this spatiotemporal pattern of the gene of interest signals the possibility that the gene serves a function of being switched on in those tissues at that particular time. In this report, we have identified possible gene candidates in the mouse which may be required for the development of the neural tube, the precursor to the brain and the spinal cord. Development of the brain occurs by closure of the anterior neuropore (forms the cranial neural tube) while the spinal cord forms due to resolution of the posterior neuropore (forms the caudal neural tube). The genes Tiaml and T-cadherin were found to be likely candidate genes for the development of the spinal cord and may serve as potential human NTDs genes.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mice
  20. A technique for individually rearing and maintaining a colony of scrub typhus vector mites
    Hubert AA, Manikumaran C
    Med J Malaya, 1968 Mar;22(3):247.
    PMID: 4234384
    Matched MeSH terms: Mice
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