MyMedR

Kajian ekologi nyamuk aedes di senawang Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia

Mazrura Sahani, Hidayatulfathi Othman, Nadia Atiqah Mohd Nor, Rozita Hod, Zainudin Mohd Ali, Mohamad Naim Mohmad Rasidi, et al.

Sains Malaysiana, 2012;41:261-269.

Kajian ekologi nyamuk merupakan kajian yang penting dalam merangka sesuatu aktiviti kawalan penyakit bawaan nyamuk. Satu kajian ekologi nyamuk Aedes telah dijalankan di Senawang, Negeri Sembilan dari Julai 2009 hingga Febuari 2010. Senawang terletak di pinggir bandaraya Seremban yang merupakan kawasan perindustrian kecil dan sederhana dengan jumlah penduduk yang padat. Kajian ekologi vektor ini bertujuan menentukan komposisi nyamuk secara keseluruhan terutamanya kepadatan populasi Aedes, masa kemuncak gigitan nyamuk, mengenal pasti kehadiran tempat pembiakan nyamuk dan menentukan hubung kait antara nyamuk Aedes dengan faktor persekitarannya seperti suhu, kelembapan relatif, halaju angin dan curahan hujan. Pensampelan nyamuk Aedes menggunakan empat kaedah iaitu perangkap cahaya (CDC), tangkapan nyamuk berumpan kaki (BLC), ovitrap dan kajian Aedes. Terdapat dua spesies nyamuk di lokasi kajian yang didominasi oleh Ae. albopictus (93.29%) dan Ae. aegypti (0.11%). Terdapat dua masa kemuncak gigitan nyamuk Ae. albopictus iaitu awal pagi (0700-0900 pagi) dan lewat petang (jam 1700-1900). Suhu persekitaran, kelembapan relatif dan kelajuan angin didapati mempunyai kaitan dengan gigitan nyamuk Aedes pada perumah (p < 0.05). Taburan hujan didapati tidak mempunyai hubungan dengan kepadatan nyamuk Aedes (r = -0.137, n =6 , p > 0.05). Kepadatan nyamuk Ae. albopictus adalah tinggi di lokasi kajian dengan Indeks Ovitrap 100% bagi kesemua stesen. Kajian Aedes mendapati daripada 30 bekas yang positif larva, 93.33% daripadanya didominasi oleh Ae. albopictus. Kajian ini menunjukkan kepadatan Ae. albopictus adalah tinggi dan berpotensi membawa penyakit demam denggi dan chikungunya di lokasi kajian. Penjagaan persekitaran perlu ditekankan kepada masyarakat setempat untuk mengawal penyebaran penyakit-penyakit tersebut.

Matched MeSH terms: Chikungunya Fever

Fulltext Role of Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) in Cancer Prevention and Cancer Promotion

Wong RSY

Adv Pharmacol Sci, 2019;2019:3418975.

PMID: 30838040 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3418975

The nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are commonly prescribed by medical practitioners in many clinical conditions for the symptomatic treatment of pain and fever. Due to their anti-inflammatory properties, these drugs have been investigated for their anticancer effects in numerous studies. This is because chronic inflammation has long been linked to carcinogenesis. As such, anti-inflammatory drugs are believed to play a role in cancer treatment and prevention. In the past few decades, research has shown that NSAIDs may decrease the risk of certain types of cancer. However, there is also a growing body of research that proves the contrary. Furthermore, NSAIDs are well known for many side effects, including some life-threatening ones. This review will discuss the relationship between chronic inflammation and cancer, the role of NSAIDs in cancer prevention and cancer promotion, and some of the potentially lethal side effects of these drugs.

Matched MeSH terms: Fever

Preventive medicine in relation to war conditions

Stringer CH

Journal of the Malaya Branch of the British Medical Association, 1939;3:286-93.

Matched MeSH terms: Yellow Fever

A case of rate bite fever

Murugiah C

Malayan Medical Journal, 1930;5:149-50.

Matched MeSH terms: Rat-Bite Fever

Leptospirosis: Molecular trial path and immunopathogenesis correlated with dengue, malaria and mimetic hemorrhagic infections

Priya SP, Sakinah S, Sharmilah K, Hamat RA, Sekawi Z, Higuchi A, et al.

Acta Trop, 2017 Dec;176:206-223.

PMID: 28823908 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2017.08.007

Immuno-pathogenesis of leptospirosis can be recounted well by following its trail path from entry to exit, while inducing disastrous damages in various tissues of the host. Dysregulated, inappropriate and excessive immune responses are unanimously blamed in fatal leptospirosis. The inherent abilities of the pathogen and inabilities of the host were debated targeting the severity of the disease. Hemorrhagic manifestation through various mechanisms leading to a fatal end is observed when this disease is unattended. The similar vascular destructions and hemorrhage manifestations are noted in infections with different microbes in endemic areas. The simultaneous infection in a host with more than one pathogen or parasite is referred as the coinfection. Notably, common endemic infections such as leptospirosis, dengue, chikungunya, and malaria, harbor favorable environments to flourish in similar climates, which is aggregated with stagnated water and aggravated with the poor personal and environmental hygiene of the inhabitants. These factors aid the spread of pathogens and parasites to humans and potential vectors, eventually leading to outbreaks of public health relevance. Malaria, dengue and chikungunya need mosquitoes as vectors, in contrast with leptospirosis, which directly invades human, although the environmental bacterial load is maintained through other mammals, such as rodents. The more complicating issue is that infections by different pathogens exhibiting similar symptoms but require different treatment management. The current review explores different pathogens expressing specific surface proteins and their ability to bind with array of host proteins with or without immune response to enter into the host tissues and their ability to evade the host immune responses to invade and their affinity to certain tissues leading to the common squeal of hemorrhage. Furthermore, at the host level, the increased susceptibility and inability of the host to arrest the pathogens' and parasites' spread in different tissues, various cytokines accumulated to eradicate the microorganisms and their cellular interactions, the antibody dependent defense and the susceptibility of individual organs bringing the manifestation of the diseases were explored. Lastly, we provided a discussion on the immune trail path of pathogenesis from entry to exit to narrate the similarities and dissimilarities among various hemorrhagic fevers mentioned above, in order to outline future possibilities of prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of coinfections, with special reference to endemic areas.

Matched MeSH terms: Chikungunya Fever/immunology; Chikungunya Fever/epidemiology*; Chikungunya Fever/transmission

Fulltext Typhoid fever in children--a retrospective study of 54 cases from Malaysia

Yap YF, Puthucheary SD

Singapore Med J, 1998 Jun;39(6):260-2.

PMID: 9803814

Typhoid fever, which is endemic in Malaysia, affects all age groups and it has been stated that classical features described in textbooks were absent in children. The aim of this study was to find out whether this was true in the local setting and hence a retrospective study was undertaken.

Matched MeSH terms: Typhoid Fever/complications; Typhoid Fever/drug therapy; Typhoid Fever/pathology*

Fulltext Systematic Review of Brain-Eating Amoeba: A Decade Update

Ahmad Zamzuri M'I, Abd Majid FN, Mihat M, Ibrahim SS, Ismail M, Abd Aziz S, et al.

Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2023 Feb 09;20(4).

PMID: 36833715 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043021

INTRODUCTION: Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM) is a rare but lethal infection of the brain caused by a eukaryote called Naegleria fowleri (N. fowleri). The aim of this review is to consolidate the recently published case reports of N. fowleri infection by describing its epidemiology and clinical features with the goal of ultimately disseminating this information to healthcare personnel.

METHODS: A comprehensive literature search was carried out using PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and OVID databases until 31 December 2022 by two independent reviewers. All studies from the year 2013 were extracted, and quality assessments were carried out meticulously prior to their inclusion in the final analysis.

RESULTS: A total of 21 studies were selected for qualitative analyses out of the 461 studies extracted. The cases were distributed globally, and 72.7% of the cases succumbed to mortality. The youngest case was an 11-day-old boy, while the eldest was a 75-year-old. Significant exposure to freshwater either from recreational activities or from a habit of irrigating the nostrils preceded onset. The symptoms at early presentation included fever, headache, and vomiting, while late sequalae showed neurological manifestation. An accurate diagnosis remains a challenge, as the symptoms mimic bacterial meningitis. Confirmatory tests include the direct visualisation of the amoeba or the use of the polymerase chain reaction method.

CONCLUSIONS: N. fowleri infection is rare but leads to PAM. Its occurrence is worldwide with a significant risk of fatality. The suggested probable case definition based on the findings is the acute onset of fever, headache, and vomiting with meningeal symptoms following exposure to freshwater within the previous 14 days. Continuous health promotion and health education activities for the public can help to improve knowledge and awareness prior to engagement in freshwater activities.

Matched MeSH terms: Fever

Fulltext Intelligent diagnostic model for malaria parasite detection and classification using imperative inception-based capsule neural networks

Madhu G, Mohamed AW, Kautish S, Shah MA, Ali I

Sci Rep, 2023 Aug 17;13(1):13377.

PMID: 37591916 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40317-z

Malaria is an acute fever sickness caused by the Plasmodium parasite and spread by infected Anopheles female mosquitoes. It causes catastrophic illness if left untreated for an extended period, and delaying exact treatment might result in the development of further complications. The most prevalent method now available for detecting malaria is the microscope. Under a microscope, blood smears are typically examined for malaria diagnosis. Despite its advantages, this method is time-consuming, subjective, and requires highly skilled personnel. Therefore, an automated malaria diagnosis system is imperative for ensuring accurate and efficient treatment. This research develops an innovative approach utilizing an urgent, inception-based capsule network to distinguish parasitized and uninfected cells from microscopic images. This diagnostic model incorporates neural networks based on Inception and Imperative Capsule networks. The inception block extracts rich characteristics from images of malaria cells using a pre-trained model, such as Inception V3, which facilitates efficient representation learning. Subsequently, the dynamic imperative capsule neural network detects malaria parasites in microscopic images by classifying them into parasitized and healthy cells, enabling the detection of malaria parasites. The experiment results demonstrate a significant improvement in malaria parasite recognition. Compared to traditional manual microscopy, the proposed system is more accurate and faster. Finally, this study demonstrates the need to provide robust and efficient diagnostic solutions by leveraging state-of-the-art technologies to combat malaria.

Matched MeSH terms: Fever

Fulltext First chikungunya outbreak in Pakistan: a trail of viral attacks

Mallhi TH, Khan YH, Khan AH, Tanveer N, Qadir MI

New Microbes New Infect, 2017 Sep;19:13-14.

PMID: 28663798 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2017.05.008

Despite explicit warning from the National Institute of Health, Pakistan experienced its first chikungunya outbreak in the metropolis of Karachi. We underscore the attention of health authorities and healthcare professionals towards contributing factors associated with this outbreak and the measures required to combat this viral disease.

Matched MeSH terms: Chikungunya Fever

Ebola and compliance with infection prevention measures in Nigeria

Yusuf I, Adam RU, Ahmad SA, Yee PL

Lancet Infect Dis, 2014 Nov;14(11):1045-1046.

PMID: 25282666 DOI: 10.1016/S1473-3099(14)70954-5

Matched MeSH terms: Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/epidemiology*; Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/prevention & control*

Fulltext Dengue and other common causes of acute febrile illness in Asia: an active surveillance study in children

Capeding MR, Chua MN, Hadinegoro SR, Hussain II, Nallusamy R, Pitisuttithum P, et al.

PLoS Negl Trop Dis, 2013;7(7):e2331.

PMID: 23936565 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002331

Common causes of acute febrile illness in tropical countries have similar symptoms, which often mimic those of dengue. Accurate clinical diagnosis can be difficult without laboratory confirmation and disease burden is generally under-reported. Accurate, population-based, laboratory-confirmed incidence data on dengue and other causes of acute fever in dengue-endemic Asian countries are needed.

Matched MeSH terms: Fever/etiology*; Fever/epidemiology*

Fulltext Assessing the threat of chikungunya virus emergence in Australia

Viennet E, Knope K, Faddy HM, Williams CR, Harley D

Commun Dis Intell Q Rep, 2013 Jun;37(2):E136-43.

PMID: 24168087

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a major threat to Australia given the distribution of competent vectors, and the large number of travellers returning from endemic regions. We describe current knowledge of CHIKV importations into Australia, and quantify reported viraemic cases, with the aim of facilitating the formulation of public health policy and ensuring maintenance of blood safety.

Matched MeSH terms: Chikungunya Fever/epidemiology*; Chikungunya Fever/virology

Hemophagocytosis in dengue: comprehensive report of six cases

Tan LH, Lum LC, Omar SF, Kan FK

J Clin Virol, 2012 Sep;55(1):79-82.

PMID: 22789140 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2012.06.005

Hemophagocytic syndrome is a potentially fatal disorder. It is being increasingly reported but remained under-recognized in dengue. Most reported cases were in association with plasma leakage and shock but multi-organ impairment was also observed. We describe the time-lines of 6 cases of confirmed dengue with varying severities of hemophagocytosis. All had persistent fever, cytopenia and elevated transaminases with markedly elevated ferritin levels during and beyond the plasma leakage phase. Acute renal failure and central nervous system manifestation were observed in two patients. Morphological hemophagocytosis was demonstrated in three patients. All survivors showed clinical and biochemical resolution of hemophagocytosis indicating its transient nature. Persistence of fever and cytopenia together with multi-organ dysfunction, out of proportion to and beyond the plasma leakage phase should prompt clinicians to consider this phenomenon.

Matched MeSH terms: Fever/blood; Fever/virology

Chikungunya fever from Malaysia

Yamamoto K, Matumoto K, Lim CK, Moi ML, Kotaki A, Takasaki T

Intern. Med., 2010;49(5):501-5.

PMID: 20190493

An adult Malaysian woman returned to Japan from Kuala Lumpur and had onset of dengue fever-like symptoms including high fever, malaise and arthritis in early January 2009. Serum obtained on the following day was tested at the National Institute of Infectious Diseases in Tokyo, where it was determined to be positive for chikungunya virus (CHIKV) RNA. IgM antibody against CHIKV was negative on January 6 and sero-converted to be positive on January 14, confirming a recent CHIKV infection. Except for arthralgia, all her symptoms resolved uneventfully within 10 days.

Matched MeSH terms: Fever/diagnosis*; Fever/virology*

Ribotyping of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi isolates from Papua New Guinea over the period 1977 to 1996

Combs BG, Passey M, Michael A, Pang T, Lightfoot D, Alpers MP

P N G Med J, 2005 Sep-Dec;48(3-4):158-67.

PMID: 17212062

The prevalence of typhoid in the Papua New Guinea (PNG) highlands region increased rapidly in the mid-1980s, and now remains endemic. In this study ribotyping has been used to examine the number and types of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi strains present during the 1977-1996 period. The ribotyping banding pattern results were based on Cla I and Eco RV digests. The 57 PNG isolates were divided into 11 different ribotypes. Comparison of ribotypes using coefficient of similarity values revealed a diverse group of ribotypes. Several strains appear to be endemic in PNG For instance, ribotypes 1, 2 and 3 were most commonly found among PNG isolates and isolates with these ribotypes have been cultured over a period of at least 11 years (1985-1996). Ribotype 3 was also observed in isolates from Malaysia and Thailand. Also found in PNG were ribotypes 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 16 and 17. The ribotyping suggests that serovar Typhi strains present in PNG include unique strains of serovar Typhi and also strains that are common to other countries.

Matched MeSH terms: Typhoid Fever/microbiology; Typhoid Fever/epidemiology*

Fulltext Atypical presentation of adult rubella

Jayaprakash B, Sudha V, Shashikiran U

Med J Malaysia, 2006 Jun;61(2):242-4.

PMID: 16898322 MyJurnal

A 55 year old female presented with fever, skin rash and subconjunctival hemorrhage. She also developed hepatitis. Fever and skin rash lasted for more than three weeks. This patient was diagnosed to have rubella, highlighting the fact that rubella can present with atypical features like prolonged fever and rash, subconjunctival hemorrhage and hepatitis, especially in adults.

Matched MeSH terms: Fever/diagnosis; Fever/etiology*

Fulltext A hospital-based study on seroprevalence of leptospirosis among febrile cases in northeastern Malaysia

Rafizah AA, Aziah BD, Azwany YN, Imran MK, Rusli AM, Nazri SM, et al.

Int J Infect Dis, 2013 Jun;17(6):e394-7.

PMID: 23357246 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2012.12.012

To determine the seroprevalence of leptospirosis among febrile inpatient cases in northeastern Malaysia.

Matched MeSH terms: Fever/etiology; Fever/epidemiology*

Serum C-reactive protein concentrations in Malaysian children with enteric fever

Choo KE, Davis TM, Henry RL, Chan LP

J Trop Pediatr, 2001 Aug;47(4):211-4.

PMID: 11523761

To investigate the role of serum C-reactive protein (CRP) in the diagnosis of typhoid fever, we studied 227 febrile Malaysian children hospitalized during a 12-month period. The children were: culture-positive for Salmonella typhi (Group 1; n = 108); culture-negative but with typical clinical features of typhoid fever (Group 2; n = 60); or had non-typhoidal illness (Group 3; n = 59). Group 1 children had the highest serum CRP concentrations (geometric mean [SD range]; 43 [12-150] mg/l vs. 26 [8-85] mg/l in Group 2 and 21 [4-110] mg/l in Group 3; p < 0.001). In regression analysis, age, patient group and fever duration were independently associated with serum CRP (p < 0.05) but gender was not. In Group 1 patients, there was a significant positive association between serum CRP and Widal O and H agglutinin titres. In receiver-operator characteristic (ROC) analysis of serum CRP for Groups 1 and 2 combined, compared with Group 3, the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.65. These data show that the serum CRP is highest in culture-positive children with enteric fever and reflects the immune response to the infection in this group. Nevertheless, serum CRP had relatively low sensitivity and specificity for confirmed or clinically diagnosed typhoid fever (68 and 58 per cent, respectively at 'cut-off' concentration 30.0 mg/l), and an AUC value only moderately above that associated with no predictive power (0.5). Although of limited use as a primary diagnostic test, a raised serum CRP may still have a place as one of a range of features that facilitate assessment of a febrile child in a typhoid-endemic area.

Matched MeSH terms: Typhoid Fever/blood*; Typhoid Fever/diagnosis

Update on viral encephalitis

Hinson VK, Tyor WR

Curr. Opin. Neurol., 2001 Jun;14(3):369-74.

PMID: 11371762

Over 100 viruses have been associated with acute central nervous system infections. The present review focuses on some of the most common agents of viral encephalitis, as well as important emerging viral encephalitides. In this context, the initial detection of West Nile virus in the Western Hemisphere during the 1999 New York City outbreak, the first description of Nipah virus in Malaysia, and the appearance in Asia of a new neurovirulent enterovirus 71 strain that causes severe neurologic disease are highlighted. In addition, advances regarding diagnosis, neuroimaging and treatment of Japanese and herpes simplex encephalitis are presented.

Matched MeSH terms: West Nile Fever/diagnosis; West Nile Fever/virology

Genetic diversity of Salmonella enterica serovar Paratyphi A from different geographical regions in Asia

Goh YL, Puthucheary SD, Chaudhry R, Bhutta ZA, Lesmana M, Oyofo BA, et al.

J Appl Microbiol, 2002;92(6):1167-71.

PMID: 12010557

Subtyping of Salmonella Paratyphi A isolates from India, Pakistan, Indonesia and Malaysia was carried out by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) to assess the extent of genetic diversity of these isolates from different endemic countries.

Matched MeSH terms: Paratyphoid Fever/microbiology*; Paratyphoid Fever/epidemiology

Displaying publications 161 - 180 of 568 in total