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Sweat or no sweat: foreign workers in the garment industry in Malaysia

Crinis V

J Contemp Asia, 2010;40(4):589-611.
PMID: 20845568 DOI: 10.1080/00472336.2010.507046

In the last decade factory owners, in response to brand-name Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) parameters, have joined associations that verify (through a monitoring and audit system) that management does not exploit labour. There have been no reports of violations of codes of conduct concerning Malaysian workers but for foreign workers on contract there are certain areas that have been reported. These areas, including trade union membership, the withholding of workers' passports and unsuitable accommodation, generally escape notice because auditors who monitor factory compliance do not question the terms of contracts as long as they comply with national labour standards. This paper is based on research with foreign workers in Malaysia and argues that despite the success of the anti-sweatshop movement in a global context, the neo-liberal state in Malaysia continues to place certain restrictions on transnational labour migrants which breach garment industry codes of conduct. Available evidence does not support the assumption that CSR practices provide sufficient protection for both citizen and foreign workers on contract in the garment industry.

Matched MeSH terms: Public Policy/economics; Public Policy/history; Public Policy/legislation & jurisprudence
Clandestine labor migration to Taiwan

Tsay C

Asian Pac Migr J, 1992;1(3-4):637-55.
PMID: 12285774

"Illegal migration to Taiwan is a recent phenomenon but with a rapid rate of increase. Most illegal foreign workers enter on visitor's visas and overstay. This paper's detailed analysis of official data reveals that Malaysia, Philippines, Indonesia and Thailand are the major sources, providing a stock of mostly male workers numbering around 40,000. Sociodemographic and attitudinal changes among Taiwanese workers coupled with labor shortages in low-skilled jobs are pressuring the Taiwanese government to formulate plans for a systematic importation of foreign labor."

Matched MeSH terms: Policy Making*; Public Policy*
Breast-feeding promotes child spacing; delayed ovulation lengthens birth intervals

Netw Res Triangle Park N C, 1986;8(1):3.
PMID: 12268487
Matched MeSH terms: Public Policy*; Family Planning Policy*
Recent and prospective population trends in Malaysia

Jones GW, Tan PC

J Southeast Asian Stud, 1985 Sep;16(2):262-80.
PMID: 12267554
Matched MeSH terms: Public Policy*; Family Planning Policy*
Fulltext Technological change as a mediator of employee competency profiling in selected industries in Kuching, Sarawak: a structural equation modeling approach

Nadri Aetis Heromi Basmawi, Hasbee Usop

Journal of Cognitive Sciences & Human Development, 2016;1(2):56-70.
MyJurnal

This study aims to investigate competency profiling and determine if technological change act as a mediator in the relationship between the identified factors and employee competency in selected industries in Kuching, Sarawak. It is also to develop the best fit model based on the variables selected. The four identified variables are teamwork, organizational culture, change management, and technological change. The sample of this study were 302 respondents selected through a simple random sampling. The findings showed that there is a positive effect between teamwork, organizational culture, change management, and technological change as mediator towards employee competency. This study provides positive implications, such as, improving competency process in organizational setting, improving policy and related action plan regarding human resource practices on competency.

Matched MeSH terms: Policy
Fulltext IMPACT OF MANAGEMENT POLICY ON DIRECT DRIVERS OF DEFORESTRATION IN MALAYSIA

MOE SHWE SIN, SHANGKARI A/P WASU DAVEN

UMT Journal of Undergraduate Research, 2020;2(2):67-82.
MyJurnal

Deforestation is one of the incredible difficulties confronting mankind. The extraction of woods remains one of the main drivers of deforestation in Malaysia. Relatively, rising in timber values may lead to enlarge in the net advantages of clearing land. Thus, this study is written to assess the process and underlying causes of forest cover change in Malaysia from 1997 to 2016. After assessed the discusses it on the impact of direct drivers with different management scenarios on deforestation in Malaysia. The research design, data, and method also performed by using System Simulation Model. Model validation and sensitivity tests was carried out after the simulation model is implemented to check the correctness in line with the real system. The simulation analysis was carried out with three different simulation periods together with the impact of two main policies: (1) controlling threshold profit; (2) discounted rate. The result of the study indicates that the most suitable policy combination to manage the deforestation is scenario 2 (policy 2B) with the RM650 per/ha threshold profit coupled with interest rate r=4% within 50years period.

Matched MeSH terms: Policy
Fostering global health policy leadership through World Health Assembly simulations: debating climate change and health

Godinho MA, Murthy S, Ali Mohammed C

Health Promot Int, 2021 Aug 24;36(3):731-740.
PMID: 34428296 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daaa087

The South Asian region is predicted to be among the most severely affected by the health impacts of climate change and warrants regional health policy leadership to tackle the same. Model World Health Organization (WHO) simulations offer the academic opportunity to build this leadership. This study describes the conceptualization and conduct of the 'Manipal Model World Health Organization' 2018 debate simulation, where a multi-professional group of students at an Indian university deliberated approaches to address the regional health impacts of climate change in South Asia. We contextualized the Model WHO debate model for a multi-professional classroom. Multi-sectoral stakeholders were engaged to draw participants from health and non-health disciplines. Participants were trained in health research literacy, policy politics, bloc politics, writing and public speaking for Model WHO. Mock sessions provided training in navigating parliamentary procedures. The debate event consisted of 22 participants and a four-member panel from diverse academic disciplines who independently assessed the deliberations. All delegations demonstrated competent written and verbal contributions. Content analysis of resolutions reaffirmed international agreements and addressed the Climate Change Health Risk Framework, and objectives of the WHO Secretariat Action Plan. Besides presenting a stratified typology of academic health policy debate simulations in global, regional, and subnational contexts, we also propose a 'theory of change', illustrating how academic policy discourse platforms can nurture critical thinking, research/policy literacy and leadership skills. Such initiatives help build the health policy leadership required for addressing global health challenges such as climate change.

Matched MeSH terms: Health Policy
Fulltext A snapshot of the global policies and practices of medicine use reviews by community pharmacist in chronic diseases: A narrative review

Mubarak N, Raja SA, Khan TM, Zin CS

J Pak Med Assoc, 2021 Mar;71(3):950-965.
PMID: 34057955 DOI: 10.47391/JPMA.058

Medicine use review is a tool to improve medication adherence and safety. Current narrative review was planned to explore global policies and practices of medicine use review by community pharmacists in chronic diseases and its impact and way forward for low- and middle-income countries. Key words, such as ″medicine use review″, ″medication therapy management″ and ″community pharmacy″ were used for search on PubMed and CINAHL databases for articles published from 2004 to 2019. Medicine use review has opened an avenue of ongoing collaboration between community pharmacists and general practitioners. High-income countries have witnessed a gradual yet cautious adoption of these services through effective policy shift. In terms of practices and impact, the situation in high-income countries was promising where on an average ″type-II″ medicine use review was widely in practice and had improved clinical, humanistic and economic outcomes in chronic disease. However, in low- and middle-income countries, a paucity of effective policies was noted. Nevertheless, an emergent recognition of the potential of community pharmacists to contribute to the management of chronic diseases was evident.

Matched MeSH terms: Policy
A causal eco-industrial park hierarchical transition model with qualitative information: Policy and regulatory framework leads to collaboration among firms

Tseng ML, Negash YT, Nagypál NC, Iranmanesh M, Tan RR

J Environ Manage, 2021 Aug 15;292:112735.
PMID: 33992872 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112735

Eco-industrial parks promise to reduce environmental and social impacts and improve the economic performance of industrial parks. However, the transition from industrial parks to eco-industrial parks is still not well understood. This study contributes to developing valid hierarchical eco-industrial park transition attribute sets with qualitative information, as prior studies lack an exploration of the attributes in the transition of eco-industrial parks in Hungary. In nature, eco-industrial park transition attributes have causal and hierarchical interrelationships and are described with qualitative information. The assessment involves an analysis of the industrial symbiosis principles by using linguistic preferences. However, multiple attributes are involved in the assessment; therefore, this study proposes the Delphi method to develop a valid attribute set and applies fuzzy set theory to translate qualitative information into crisp values. The fuzzy decision-making trial evaluation laboratory method is used to visualize the attributes' causal interrelationships under uncertainties. The results indicate that the policy and regulatory framework leads to collaboration among firms in the eco-industrial park transition model. In practice, price reforms, management commitment, strategic planning, cognitive barriers and the integration of external information are the practical criteria for improvement. Theoretical and practical implications are also discussed.

Matched MeSH terms: Policy
Fulltext The role of partnership in capacity building in public health nutrition - experience of Malaysia

Awin N

Malays J Nutr, 2002 Mar;8(1):99-107.
PMID: 22692442 MyJurnal

Public Health emphasizes the plurality of the determinants of health of individuals, families and communities. Nutrition, as a major determinant of health, is itself influenced by a multitude of determinants that are under the purview of several agencies. Thus, inter-sectoral collaboration among the relevant agencies is imperative for promoting optimal health and nutrition such a partnership is manifested in the development and implementation of the National Plan of Nutrition (NPAN) of Malaysia pursuant to the International Conference on Nutrition (ICN) held in 1992. While the overall coordination of NPAN is at the Family Development Division in the Ministry of Health, the body that sees to the coordination is again a multi-agency group in the form of the National Coordinating Committee for Food and Nutrition (NCCFN). The NCCFN has representation for the nine thrust areas of NPAN that cut across various sectors including health, agriculture, education, community development and economic planning. Capacity building is a central strategy in the NPAN through the creation of positions and special budgetary allocations, and the implementation of activities including research, training, development of dietary guidelines and the National Nutrition Policy. This policy will be a major driving force for strengthening and building of capacity for nutrition-related activities, and more importantly it will facilitate a coordinated and coherent approach to capacity building, including sharing of resources.

Matched MeSH terms: Nutrition Policy
Fulltext Review article : Malaysia’s strategic food security approach

International Food Research Journal, 2010;17(3):501-507.
MyJurnal

This paper is interested in exploring the interrelatedness of some accompanying policy changes and
initiatives in the selected Asian countries as well as reviewing the Malaysian National Food Security Policy. Actions taken in response to the food crisis in the selected Asian countries have worked out well and produced promising outcomes from a combination of availability, accessibility, utilization, and stability aspects in food security. Malaysia weighted more on availability aspect in food security by introducing more short- and longterm policy measures for boosting paddy and rice production, particularly in Sabah and Sarawak under the National Food Security Policy. However, much of the unhappiness and disequilibrium in the local paddy and rice market were created due to irrational extensive intervention of the Miller Subsidy and Beras Nasional programmes in the nation. Many of the policy measures targeted at area expansion and productivity but it was suggested that the dominant path to achieve the targeted self-sufficiency level is through research and development at specialized and committed paddy and rice research centre. Trade oriented self-reliance approach that strategized with multiple and diversified sources of rice import was tipped to be superior of current selfsufficiency approach.

Matched MeSH terms: Nutrition Policy
Fulltext Alcohol harm in Malaysia: always the right time to discuss

Mohd Fadzli, M.I., Amer Nordin, A.S.

Malaysian Journal of Psychiatry, 2014;23(1):101-104.
MyJurnal

Introduction: Alcohol is a major risk factor for various non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as cardiovascular related illnesses, liver cirrhosis and cancer. Despite the dangers of alcohol use, there is limited local research available to assist policy and advocacy. This commentary attempts to highlight what is presently available and suggestions to move forward in this field of research and services provision. Methods: A brief report of recent updates is provided for this article. Results and Conclusion: A number of recommendations are provided to assist in deliberating discussions to shape future policies which will improve current available practice and clinical service in the field of alcohol addiction.

Matched MeSH terms: Policy
Fulltext Measuring and explaining multi-directional inefficiency in the Malaysian dairy industry

Mohd Suhaimi NAB, de Mey Y, Oude Lansink A

Br Food J, 2017;119(12):2788-2803.
PMID: 29720740 DOI: 10.1108/BFJ-11-2016-0549

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to measure the technical inefficiency of dairy farms and subsequently investigate the factors affecting technical inefficiency in the Malaysian dairy industry.
Design/methodology/approach: This study uses multi-directional efficiency analysis to measure the technical inefficiency scores on a sample of 200 farm observations and single-bootstrap truncated regression model to define factors affecting technical inefficiency.
Findings: Managerial and program inefficiency scores are presented for intensive and semi-intensive production systems. The results reveal marked differences in the inefficiency scores across inputs and between production systems.
Practical implications: Intensive systems generally have lowest managerial and program inefficiency scores in the Malaysian dairy farming sector. Policy makers could use this information to advise dairy farmers to convert their farming system to the intensive system.
Social implications: The results suggest that the Malaysian Government should redefine its policy for providing farm finance and should target young farmers when designing training and extension programs in order to improve the performance of the dairy sector.
Originality/value: The existing literature on Southeast Asian dairy farming has neither focused on investigating input-specific efficiency nor on comparing managerial and program efficiency. This paper aims to fill this gap.

Matched MeSH terms: Policy
Fulltext Constancy and Change: Key Issues in Housing and Health Research, 1987-2017

Lawrence RJ

Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2017 07 12;14(7).
PMID: 28704943 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14070763

The low impact of scientific research on the relations between housing and health during the last 30 years can be attributed to a number of reasons. First, statistical analyses have meant to improve understanding of the relations between what are interpreted and measured as causal factors. However, any single statistical approach fails to account for the dynamic non-linear relations between multiple factors and therefore cannot analyze systemic complexity. Second, there has been too little accumulation and validation of knowledge from scientific research owing to the dominance of cross-sectional studies, and the lack of coordinated research agendas using these approaches in order to confirm empirical findings. Hence, there is little evidence indicating that public policies in both the housing and the public health sectors in specific localities have benefited from the accumulated evidence of empirical research. Third, the findings from empirical studies have been published in academic journals and monographs but rarely disseminated to actors and institutions in the public and private sectors. Hence housing and health research and policy formulation have not been consolidated during the last three decades. The author of this communication argues for a radical shift from conventional disciplinary and multi-disciplinary contributions to transdisciplinary research programmes and projects that formulate and apply innovative approaches founded on conceptual frameworks that apply systems thinking for the integration of knowledge and know-how of researchers, policy makers, and professional practitioners in precise localities.

Matched MeSH terms: Public Policy
Fulltext Making Fair Choices on the Path to Universal Health Coverage: Applying Principles to Difficult Cases

Voorhoeve A, Tan-Torres Edejer T, Kapiriri L, Norheim OF, Snowden J, Basenya O, et al.

Health Syst Reform, 2017 Oct 02;3(4):301-312.
PMID: 30359178 DOI: 10.1080/23288604.2017.1324938

Abstract-Progress toward universal health coverage (UHC) requires making difficult trade-offs. In this journal, Dr. Margaret Chan, the World Health Organization (WHO) Director-General, has endorsed the principles for making such decisions put forward by the WHO Consultative Group on Equity and UHC. These principles include maximizing population health, priority for the worse off, and shielding people from health-related financial risks. But how should one apply these principles in particular cases, and how should one adjudicate between them when their demands conflict? This article by some members of the Consultative Group and a diverse group of health policy professionals addresses these questions. It considers three stylized versions of actual policy dilemmas. Each of these cases pertains to one of the three key dimensions of progress toward UHC: which services to cover first, which populations to prioritize for coverage, and how to move from out-of-pocket expenditures to prepayment with pooling of funds. Our cases are simplified to highlight common trade-offs. Though we make specific recommendations, our primary aim is to demonstrate both the form and substance of the reasoning involved in striking a fair balance between competing interests on the road to UHC.

Matched MeSH terms: Health Policy
Energy innovations and environmental sustainability in the U.S.: The roles of immigration and economic expansion using a maximum likelihood method

Solarin SA, Bello MO

Sci Total Environ, 2020 Apr 10;712:135594.
PMID: 31787295 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135594

Environmental degradation remains a huge obstacle to sustainable development. Research on the factors that promote or degrade the environment has been extensively conducted. However, one important variable that has conspicuously received very limited attention is energy innovations. To address this gap in the literature, this study investigated the effects of energy innovations on environmental quality in the U.S. for the period 1974 to 2016. We have incorporated GDP and immigration as additional regressors. Three indices comprising of CO2 emissions, ecological footprint and carbon footprint were used to proxy environmental degradation. The cointegration tests established long-run relationships between the variables. Using a maximum likelihood approach with a break, the results showed evidence that energy innovations significantly improve environmental quality while GDP degrades the quality of the environment, and immigration has no significant effect on the environment. Policy implications of the results are discussed in the body of the manuscript.

Matched MeSH terms: Policy
Life-Cycle Assessment (LCA) Analysis of Algal Fuels

Hosseinzadeh-Bandbafha H, Tabatabaei M, Aghbashlo M, Sulaiman A, Ghassemi A

Methods Mol Biol, 2020;1980:121-151.
PMID: 30838603 DOI: 10.1007/7651_2018_204

Life-cycle assessment (LCA) is one of the most attractive tools employed nowadays by environmental policy-makers as well as business decision-makers to ensure environmentally sustainable production/consumption of various goods/services. LCA is a systematic, rigorous, and standardized approach aimed at quantifying resources consumed/depleted, pollutants released, and the related environmental and health impacts through the course of consumption and production of goods/service. Algal fuels are no exception and their environmental sustainability could be well scrutinized using the LCA methodology. In line with that, this chapter is devoted to present guidelines on the technical aspects of LCA application in algal fuels while elaborating on major standards used, i.e., ISO 14040 and 14044 standards. Overall, LCA practitioners as well as technical experts dealing with algal fuels in both the public and private sectors could be the main target audience for these guidelines.

Matched MeSH terms: Environmental Policy
Fulltext Panel Dataset of Ethical Commitment Disclosures in Malaysia

Hashim HA, Abidin AFZ, Salleh Z, Devi SS

Data Brief, 2020 Jun;30:105624.
PMID: 32395587 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2020.105624

Panel dataset in this article contains information on the ethical commitment disclosures of Malaysian publicly listed companies. The data presented is related to the research article entitled "Ethical Practice Disclosure of Malaysian Public Listed Companies" [1]. In examining the level of ethical commitment disclosures, content analysis is performed involving 1,115 annual reports for five year periods (2012 - 2016). The annual reports are gathered from Main Market of Bursa Malaysia website. Information on ethical commitment disclosures are extracted from the annual reports. The data are collected using Ethical Commitment Index (ECI) comprising six themes; corporate ethics values, action to promote ethics, whistle-blowing policy, code of ethics, sustainability practices, and ethics committee. This dataset is useful as an indicator of the companies' ethical commitment reflecting ethical climate in Malaysian public listed companies.

Matched MeSH terms: Policy
Fulltext Shared decision-making in Malaysia: Legislation, patient involvement, implementation and the impact of COVID-19

Lee YK, Ng CJ, Lee PY, Tong WT, Sa'at H

Z Evid Fortbild Qual Gesundhwes, 2022 Jun;171:89-92.
PMID: 35610129 DOI: 10.1016/j.zefq.2022.04.020

Shared decision making (SDM) activities in Malaysia began around 2010. The rise in the numbers of patients with chronic disease in Malaysia underscores a growing need for doctors to practice patient-centred care and SDM as more Malaysians come into regular contact with health decision-making scenarios. Recent guidelines for medical professionalism have emphasized that options and risks be discussed in consultations, especially for procedures with risk of adverse outcomes. Although SDM is not legally required, principles of SDM are applied in legal judgements on informed consent. Research on SDM has grown to include the adoption of patient and public involvement in research, an increased emphasis on incorporating local cultural values in SDM, and implementation of SDM in Malaysia's health system and organizational culture. While COVID-19 hindered the progress of SDM research, one positive development was that vaccination choices heightened public consciousness about personal decisional autonomy and the need to discuss pros and cons with doctors before making a medical decision.

Matched MeSH terms: Health Policy
Fulltext Parents' perceptions on policies of early childhood care and education programmes in selected states of Malaysia

Tang D, Peng Chew F, Abdul Rahman M, Dhamotharan M

F1000Res, 2022;11:938.
PMID: 36226043 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.122443.2

BACKGROUND: The 2030 agenda for sustainable development proposed global equitable quality education and lifelong learning opportunities for all children . The quality of early childhood care and education (ECCE) programs helps shape children's minds, attitudes and behaviors, and has short and long-term effects on a child, a family and a country. In Malaysia, the government has formulated some policies and laws to protect children's rights. However, ECCE is facing some challenges. The purpose of this study is to investigate parents' perceptions of the quality of ECCE programs implemented by Malaysian government.
METHODS: A mixed method was used to collect data on parents' perceptions of ECCE policies in selected states in Malaysia. The questionnaires, (P1/POL) from the research project "Development of a Comprehensive and Integrated Model of Quality Malaysian ECCE", were distributed among 629 respondents who have a child in a preschool, and 22 participants were randomly selected to take part in five focus group interviews Results: The key findings of the study revealed 68% parents were not familiar with ECCE Malaysian government policy, however 84.3% stressed it is important for the government to educate them about ECCE. Thus findings indicated that the majority of parents lack awareness of the ECCE policies and quality of early childhood care and education programs related to the policies remain the issue. While interviewing the focus group ,most of them were not aware of ECCE and pointed out parents are stressing children's academic learning in particular preschools.
CONCLUSIONS: It is concluded that parents' awareness regarding the ECCE program must be part of the policies and needs to improve. It is recommended that the government of Malaysia should supply more information on ECCE policies to parents and focus on policy implementation. Moreover, the quality of ECCE programs should be improved based on the parents' perceptions.

Matched MeSH terms: Policy

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