MyMedR

Biliary cystadenoma is a rare benign tumour with the potential to transform into malignant carcinoma of the biliary ductal system. There is difficulty in differentiating a benign one from a malignant biliary cystadenoma, and therefore these lesions should always be completely resected. We report a case of biliary cystadenoma which underwent a complete resection.

Matched MeSH terms: Cystadenoma/diagnosis*; Diagnosis, Differential

Nummular Eczema: An Updated Review

Leung AKC, Lam JM, Leong KF, Leung AAM, Wong AHC, Hon KL

Recent Pat Inflamm Allergy Drug Discov, 2020;14(2):146-155.

PMID: 32778043 DOI: 10.2174/1872213X14666200810152246

BACKGROUND: Nummular eczema may mimic diseases that present with annular configuration and the differential diagnosis is broad.

OBJECTIVE: This article aimed to provide an update on the evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment of nummular eczema.

METHODS: A PubMed search was performed in using the key terms "nummular eczema", "discoid eczema", OR "nummular dermatitis". The search strategy included meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials, clinical trials, observational studies, and reviews. The search was restricted to English literature. The information retrieved from the above search was used in the compilation of the present article. Patents were searched using the key terms "nummular eczema", "discoid eczema", OR "nummular dermatitis" in www.google.com/patents and www.freepatentsonline.com.

RESULTS: Nummular eczema is characterized by sharply defined, oval or coin-shaped, erythematous, eczematous plaques. Typically, the size of the lesion varies from 1 to 10cm in diameter. The lesions are usually multiple and symmetrically distributed. Sites of predilection include the lower limbs followed by the upper limbs. The lesions are usually intensely pruritic. The diagnosis is mainly clinical based on the characteristic round to oval erythematous plaques in a patient with diffusely dry skin. Nummular eczema should be distinguished from other annular lesions. Dermoscopy can reveal additional features that can be valuable for correct diagnosis. Biopsy or laboratory tests are generally not necessary. However, a potassium hydroxide wet-mount examination of skin scrapings should be performed if tinea corporis is suspected. Because contact allergy is common with nummular eczema, patch testing should be considered in patients with chronic, recalcitrant nummular eczema. Avoidance of precipitating factors, optimal skin care, and high or ultra-high potency topical corticosteroids are the mainstay of therapy. Recent patents related to the management of nummular eczema are also discussed.

CONCLUSION: With proper treatment, nummular eczema can be cleared over a few weeks, although the course can be chronic and characterized by relapses and remissions. Moisturizing of the skin and avoidance of identifiable exacerbating factors, such as hot water baths and harsh soaps may reduce the frequency of recurrence. Diseases that present with annular lesions may mimic nummular eczema and the differential diagnosis is broad. As such, physicians must be familiar with this condition so that an accurate diagnosis can be made, and appropriate treatment initiated.

Matched MeSH terms: Diagnosis, Differential; Eczema/diagnosis*

Nasopharyngeal chordoma

Sakkarapani V, Panicker C

Med J Malaysia, 1977 Mar;31(3):208-12.

PMID: 904513

Matched MeSH terms: Chordoma/diagnosis*; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms/diagnosis*

A note on the laboratory diagnosis of virus and rickettsial diseases

SMITH CE

Med J Malaya, 1954 Sep;9(1):72-6.

PMID: 13213455

Matched MeSH terms: Rickettsia Infections/diagnosis*; Virus Diseases/diagnosis*

Follicular carcinoma thyroid

Dharmalingam SK, Narasimha K

Med J Malaya, 1972 Sep;27(1):73-6.

PMID: 4264829

Matched MeSH terms: Adenocarcinoma/diagnosis*; Thyroid Neoplasms/diagnosis*

Primary abdominal pregnancy: review of the literature and a report of three cases

Sinha RK

Med J Malaya, 1970 Dec;25(2):108-12.

PMID: 4251130

Matched MeSH terms: Diagnosis, Differential; Pregnancy, Ectopic/diagnosis

Electromyography in neurologic diagnosis

Arumugasamy N

Med J Malaya, 1966 Sep;21(1):66-9.

PMID: 4224881

Matched MeSH terms: Muscular Diseases/diagnosis*; Nervous System Diseases/diagnosis*

Diagnostic Accuracy of Cytology Smear and Frozen Section in Glioma

Mat Zin AA, Zulkarnain S

Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2019 Feb 26;20(2):321-325.

PMID: 30803189

Glioma is the commonest primary intracranial tumour and it has been the most predominant tumour in many studies.
It accounts for 24.7% of all primary brain tumour and 74.6% of malignant brain tumour. Intraoperative diagnosis
plays a crucial role in determining the patient management. Frozen section has been the established technique in
providing rapid and accurate intraoperative diagnosis. However due to some disadvantages like ice crystal artefact,
high expenditure and requirement of skilled technician, there is increase usage of cytology smear either replacing or
supplementing frozen section technique. The aim of this review is to determine the diagnostic accuracy of cytology
smear and frozen section in glioma and to see whether there is significant difference between those techniques. The
overall diagnostic accuracy for frozen section in glioma ranging from 78.4% to 95% while for cytology smear, the
diagnostic accuracy ranging from 50% to 100%. Based on certain literatures, no statistically difference was observed
in diagnostic accuracy of cytology smear and frozen section. Thus, cytology smear provides an alternative method in
establishing intraoperative diagnosis. Both cytology smear and frozen section are complimentary to each other. It is
recommended to use both techniques to improve the diagnostic accuracy in addition with adequate knowledge, clinical
history, neuroimaging and intraoperative findings.

Matched MeSH terms: Brain Neoplasms/diagnosis*; Cytodiagnosis/methods*; Glioma/diagnosis*

Fulltext Spontaneous Omental Infarction: An Unusual Etiology of Abdominal Pain

Khairuddin A, Teng WW, Azizan N, Hayati F, Sahid NA, Kadir F

Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ), 2019 10 1;17(68):347-349.

PMID: 33311048

A 49-year-old lady with previous scars complained of acute abdominal pain for two days. Her right hypochondrium was tender and guarding upon assessment. The laboratory investigations were unremarkable. Due to a diagnostic incongruity, computed tomography of the abdomen was performed showing a suspicious lesion at anterolateral aspect of the ascending colon. Surgical intervention was decided and intraoperative finding was consistent with spontaneous omental infarction. Omentectomy was undertaken and final histology was compatible with the intraoperative diagnosis. Although it is exceptional, omental infarction should be considered as part of the differential diagnoses of right-sided acute abdominal pain with normal laboratory investigations. This case highlights its unexpected discovery and we describe its literature reviews.

Matched MeSH terms: Diagnosis, Differential; Infarction/diagnosis

Comparison of the accuracy of the 7-item HADS Depression subscale and 14-item total HADS for screening for major depression: A systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis

Wu Y, Levis B, Daray FM, Ioannidis JPA, Patten SB, Cuijpers P, et al.

Psychol Assess, 2023 Feb;35(2):95-114.

PMID: 36689386 DOI: 10.1037/pas0001181

The seven-item Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale Depression subscale (HADS-D) and the total score of the 14-item HADS (HADS-T) are both used for major depression screening. Compared to the HADS-D, the HADS-T includes anxiety items and requires more time to complete. We compared the screening accuracy of the HADS-D and HADS-T for major depression detection. We conducted an individual participant data meta-analysis and fit bivariate random effects models to assess diagnostic accuracy among participants with both HADS-D and HADS-T scores. We identified optimal cutoffs, estimated sensitivity and specificity with 95% confidence intervals, and compared screening accuracy across paired cutoffs via two-stage and individual-level models. We used a 0.05 equivalence margin to assess equivalency in sensitivity and specificity. 20,700 participants (2,285 major depression cases) from 98 studies were included. Cutoffs of ≥7 for the HADS-D (sensitivity 0.79 [0.75, 0.83], specificity 0.78 [0.75, 0.80]) and ≥15 for the HADS-T (sensitivity 0.79 [0.76, 0.82], specificity 0.81 [0.78, 0.83]) minimized the distance to the top-left corner of the receiver operating characteristic curve. Across all sets of paired cutoffs evaluated, differences of sensitivity between HADS-T and HADS-D ranged from -0.05 to 0.01 (0.00 at paired optimal cutoffs), and differences of specificity were within 0.03 for all cutoffs (0.02-0.03). The pattern was similar among outpatients, although the HADS-T was slightly (not nonequivalently) more specific among inpatients. The accuracy of HADS-T was equivalent to the HADS-D for detecting major depression. In most settings, the shorter HADS-D would be preferred. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Matched MeSH terms: Anxiety/diagnosis; Depression/diagnosis

Expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of end-stage liver disease complicated by infections

Chen T, Chen G, Wang G, Treeprasertsuk S, Lesmana CRA, Lin HC, et al.

Hepatol Int, 2024 Jun;18(3):817-832.

PMID: 38460060 DOI: 10.1007/s12072-023-10637-3

End-stage liver disease (ESLD) is a life-threatening clinical syndrome and when complicated with infection the mortality is markedly increased. In patients with ESLD, bacterial or fungal infection can induce or aggravate the occurrence or progression of liver decompensation. Consequently, infections are among the most common complications of disease deterioration. There is an overwhelming need for standardized protocols for early diagnosis and appropriate management for patients with ESLD complicated by infections. Asia Pacific region has the largest number of ESLD patients, due to hepatitis B and the growing population of alcohol and NAFLD. Concomitant infections not only add to organ failure and high mortality but also to financial and healthcare burdens. This consensus document assembled up-to-date knowledge and experience from colleagues across the Asia-Pacific region, providing data on the principles as well as evidence-based current working protocols and practices for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with ESLD complicated by infections.

Matched MeSH terms: Bacterial Infections/diagnosis; Mycoses/diagnosis

Solitary pulmonary cryptococcoma

Kutty MK

Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health, 1971 Mar;2(1):87.

PMID: 5112349

Matched MeSH terms: Cryptococcosis/diagnosis*; Lung Diseases, Fungal/diagnosis*

Differentiating multiple-system atrophy from Parkinson's disease

Ramli N, Nair SR, Ramli NM, Lim SY

Clin Radiol, 2015 May;70(5):555-64.

PMID: 25752581 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2015.01.005

The purpose of this review is to illustrate the differentiating features of multiple-system atrophy from Parkinson's disease at MRI. The various MRI sequences helpful in the differentiation will be discussed, including newer methods, such as diffusion tensor imaging, MR spectroscopy, and nuclear imaging.

Matched MeSH terms: Diagnosis, Differential; Parkinson Disease/diagnosis*; Multiple System Atrophy/diagnosis*

Recent advances in nanotechnology-based diagnosis and treatments of diabetes

Rao PV, Gan SH

Curr Drug Metab, 2015;16(5):371-5.

PMID: 25429672 DOI: 10.2174/1389200215666141125120215

Nanotechnology is a field encompassing nanostructures, nanomaterials and nanoparticles, which are of increasing importance to researchers and industrial players alike. Nanotechnology addresses the construction and consumption of substances and devices on the nanometer scale. Nanomedicine is a new field that combines nanotechnology with medicine to boost human health care. Nanomedicine is an interdisciplinary field that includes various areas of biology, chemistry, physics and engineering. The most important problems related to diabetes management, such as self-monitoring of blood glucose levels and insulin injections, can now be conquered due to progress in nanomedicine, which offers glucose nanosensors, the layer-by-layer technique, carbon nanotubes, quantum dots, oral insulins, microspheres, artificial pancreases and nanopumps. In this review, the key methodological and scientific characteristics of nanomedicine related to diabetes treatment, glucose monitoring and insulin administration are discussed.

Matched MeSH terms: Diagnosis

Fulltext Intelligent screening systems for cervical cancer

Jusman Y, Ng SC, Abu Osman NA

ScientificWorldJournal, 2014;2014:810368.

PMID: 24955419 DOI: 10.1155/2014/810368

Advent of medical image digitalization leads to image processing and computer-aided diagnosis systems in numerous clinical applications. These technologies could be used to automatically diagnose patient or serve as second opinion to pathologists. This paper briefly reviews cervical screening techniques, advantages, and disadvantages. The digital data of the screening techniques are used as data for the computer screening system as replaced in the expert analysis. Four stages of the computer system are enhancement, features extraction, feature selection, and classification reviewed in detail. The computer system based on cytology data and electromagnetic spectra data achieved better accuracy than other data.

Matched MeSH terms: Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/diagnosis*; Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted/methods*

Current methods in electrocardiogram characterization

Martis RJ, Acharya UR, Adeli H

Comput Biol Med, 2014 May;48:133-49.

PMID: 24681634 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2014.02.012

The Electrocardiogram (ECG) is the P-QRS-T wave depicting the cardiac activity of the heart. The subtle changes in the electric potential patterns of repolarization and depolarization are indicative of the disease afflicting the patient. These clinical time domain features of the ECG waveform can be used in cardiac health diagnosis. Due to the presence of noise and minute morphological parameter values, it is very difficult to identify the ECG classes accurately by the naked eye. Various computer aided cardiac diagnosis (CACD) systems, analysis methods, challenges addressed and the future of cardiovascular disease screening are reviewed in this paper. Methods developed for time domain, frequency transform domain, and time-frequency domain analysis, such as the wavelet transform, cannot by themselves represent the inherent distinguishing features accurately. Hence, nonlinear methods which can capture the small variations in the ECG signal and provide improved accuracy in the presence of noise are discussed in greater detail in this review. A CACD system exploiting these nonlinear features can help clinicians to diagnose cardiovascular disease more accurately.

Matched MeSH terms: Arrhythmias, Cardiac/diagnosis; Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted/methods*

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