Displaying publications 141 - 160 of 1211 in total

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  1. Legacy effect of short-term alirocumab in familial hypercholesterolaemia: A case report
    Muhmad Hamidi MH, Chua YA, Mohd Kasim NA, Sani H, Md Nawawi H, Kasim SS
    Malays J Pathol, 2022 Dec;44(3):527-531.
    PMID: 36591721
    Homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) is a rare genetic disorder with aberrantly high level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) requiring multiple combined aggressive lipidlowering therapy to reduce the progression of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Alirocumab, a proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitor (PCSK9i) has been approved for treatment of FH, which requires further lowering of LDL-C in addition to diet modification and maximally tolerated statin therapy. We report the response of short-term alirocumab treatment on a young patient with clinically and genetically confirmed FH, who suffered from acute coronary syndrome, and in particular, discussed the hypothesised legacy effect of PCSK9i. The patient was initially treated with a combination of high-intensity statin and ezetimibe for 12 weeks. Subsequently, alirocumab was added to the patient's lipid-lowering regime and he managed to attain guideline recommended LDL-C target within 10 weeks. However, alirocumab was stopped at week 54 due to financial constraint. Interestingly, despite cessation of PCSK9i therapy for a period of 30 weeks, the patient's LDL-C level rose slightly not returning to his baseline level.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use
  2. Secukinumab in the treatment of a child with congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma with ABCA12 mutation
    Albela H, Leong KF
    Int J Dermatol, 2023 Jan;62(1):e27-e29.
    PMID: 35933655 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.16378
    Matched MeSH terms: Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/therapeutic use
  3. Fulltext Pembrolizumab Versus Placebo as Second-Line Therapy in Patients From Asia With Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Phase III Trial
    Qin S, Chen Z, Fang W, Ren Z, Xu R, Ryoo BY, et al.
    J Clin Oncol, 2023 Mar 01;41(7):1434-1443.
    PMID: 36455168 DOI: 10.1200/JCO.22.00620
    PURPOSE: We evaluated the efficacy and safety of pembrolizumab in patients from Asia with previously treated advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

    METHODS: In a double-blind, phase III trial, 453 patients with advanced HCC and progression during or after treatment with or intolerance to sorafenib or oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy were randomly assigned in a 2:1 ratio to receive pembrolizumab (200 mg) or placebo once every 3 weeks for ≤ 35 cycles plus best supportive care. The primary end point was overall survival (one-sided significance threshold, P = .0193 [final analysis]). Secondary end points included progression-free survival (PFS) and objective response rate (ORR; one-sided significance threshold, P = .0134 and .0091, respectively [second interim analysis]; RECIST version 1.1, by blinded independent central review).

    RESULTS: Median overall survival was longer in the pembrolizumab group than in the placebo group (14.6 v 13.0 months; hazard ratio for death, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.63 to 0.99; P = .0180). Median PFS was also longer in the pembrolizumab group than in the placebo group (2.6 v 2.3 months; hazard ratio for progression or death, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.60 to 0.92; P = .0032). ORR was greater in the pembrolizumab group (12.7% [95% CI, 9.1 to 17.0]) than in the placebo group (1.3% [95% CI, 0.2 to 4.6]; P < .0001). Treatment-related adverse events occurred in 66.9% of patients (grade 3, 12.0%; grade 4, 1.3%; grade 5, 1.0%) in the pembrolizumab group and 49.7% of patients (grade 3, 5.9%; grade 4, 0%; grade 5, 0%) in the placebo group.

    CONCLUSION: In patients from Asia with previously treated advanced HCC, pembrolizumab significantly prolonged overall survival and PFS, and ORR was greater versus placebo.

    Matched MeSH terms: Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/adverse effects
  4. Fulltext A novel nano therapeutic using convalescent plasma derived exosomal (CPExo) for COVID-19: A combined hyperactive immune modulation and diagnostics
    Anand K, Vadivalagan C, Joseph JS, Singh SK, Gulati M, Shahbaaz M, et al.
    Chem Biol Interact, 2021 Aug 01;344:109497.
    PMID: 33991505 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109497
    Extracellular vesicles like exosomes are important therapeutic tactics for treating COVID -19. By utilizing convalescent plasma derived exosomes (CPExo) from COVID-19 recovered persistence could accelerate the treatment strategies in the current state of affairs. Adequate literature has shown that administering the exosome to the in vivo system could be beneficial and could target the pathogens in an effective and precise manner. In this hypothesis we highlight the CPExo instead of convalescent plasma (CP), perhaps to dispense of exosomes are gratified and it's more effectively acquired immune response conferral through antibodies. COVID-19 convalescent plasma has billions of exosomes and it has aptitudes to carry molecular constituents like proteins, lipids, RNA and DNA, etc. Moreover, exosomes are capable of recognizing antigens with adequate sensitivity and specificity. Many of these derivatives could trigger an immune modulation into the cells and act as an epigenetic inheritor response to target pathogens through RNAs. COIVID-19 resistance activated plasma-derived exosomes are either responsible for the effects of plasma beyond the contained immune antibodies or could be inhibitory. The proposed hypothesis suggests that preselecting the plasma-derived antibodies and RNAs merged exosomes would be an optimized therapeutic tactic for COVID-19 patients. We suggest that, the CPExo has a multi-potential effect for treatment efficacy by acting as immunotherapeutic, drug carrier, and diagnostic target with noncoding genetic materials as a biomarker.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antibodies/immunology
  5. Immunogenicity of hepatitis B vaccine in healthy Malaysian adults
    Ton SH, Noriah R, Duraisamy G
    Indian J Med Res, 1988 Jun;87:542-4.
    PMID: 3240935
    Matched MeSH terms: Hepatitis Antibodies/biosynthesis*
  6. Seroprevalence and contributing factors of transboundary animal diseases in sheep and goats: a study in Peninsular Malaysia
    Jimale YA, Jesse FFA, Paul BT, Chung ELT, Zakaria A, Azhar NA, et al.
    Trop Anim Health Prod, 2024 Jul 13;56(6):212.
    PMID: 39002035 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-024-04061-4
    Diseases caused by small ruminant lentiviruses, Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (MAP), Schmallenberg virus, and peste des petits ruminants virus (PPR) is globally recognised as serious threats to the ruminant industry due to their potential to spread rapidly across boundaries. Despite their global distribution and negative impacts on ruminant production, there is a gap in knowledge of the current trends in their epidemiology among sheep and goat populations in Peninsular Malaysia. This study was therefore designed to fill the gap of knowledge concerning the seroprevalence and contributing factors of CAEV, paratuberculosis, SBV, and PPRV among small ruminants from selected flocks in Selangor, Negeri Sembilan, and Pahang states in Peninsular Malaysia. A cross-sectional study design was used to collect animal data and blood samples for serological assays simultaneously. The ID Screen (ID.VET, France) indirect ELISA screening tests were used to detect serum antibodies directed against CAEV/MVV (VISNAS Ver 0922), paratuberculosis (PARAS Ver 0516), SBV (SBVC Ver 1114) and PPRV (PPRC Ver 0821). There was 45.4% (95% CI = 40.74-50.74), 6.8% (95% CI = 4.66-9.69), 27.8% (95% CI = 23.35-32.77), and 2.6% (95% CI = 1.11-0.51) true seroprevalence for CAEV, paratuberculosis, SBV, and PPR, respectively. Geographical location and species were the risk factors for CAEV and paratuberculosis, while the management system and age of small ruminants were the risk factors for SBV. The present study is the first to document a large-scale seroprevalence of MAP and PPR infection among sheep and goat flocks in Peninsular Malaysia. The presence of PPRV and MAP antibodies among small ruminant flocks is signalling current or previous exposure to the pathogens or cross reactions with similar antigens. This finding further suggests the potential for future outbreaks of these devastating diseases among sheep and goats in Malaysia. The high seroprevalence of CAEV and SBV among small ruminants indicates high levels of exposure to the viruses in the environment, which is a potential threat to production.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antibodies, Viral/blood
  7. Development of a dot enzyme immunoassay for dengue 3: a sensitive method for the detection of antidengue antibodies
    Cardosa MJ, Hooi TP, Shaari NS
    J Virol Methods, 1988 Oct;22(1):81-8.
    PMID: 3058737
    Partially purified DEN3 virus was used as antigen in a sensitive dot enzyme immunoassay (DEIA) for the detection of antibodies to flavivirus antigens. We describe here the method used to prepare and optimise the antigen-bearing nitrocellulose membranes and present the results obtained from screening 20 acute phase sera from patients shown to have had recent dengue infections by the haemagglutination inhibition (HI) test. Sixteen pairs of acute and convalescent sera from dengue-negative patients had no detectable antibody to dengue virus by HI. These were shown to have no antibody detectable by DEIA. Sera positive for dengue antibodies by HI had DEIA titers ranging from 10 to several thousand times greater than the titers detected by HI.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antibodies, Viral/analysis*
  8. Nipah virus infection in bats (order Chiroptera) in peninsular Malaysia
    Yob JM, Field H, Rashdi AM, Morrissy C, van der Heide B, Rota P, et al.
    Emerg Infect Dis, 2001 May-Jun;7(3):439-41.
    PMID: 11384522
    Nipah virus, family Paramyxoviridae, caused disease in pigs and humans in peninsular Malaysia in 1998-99. Because Nipah virus appears closely related to Hendra virus, wildlife surveillance focused primarily on pteropid bats (suborder Megachiroptera), a natural host of Hendra virus in Australia. We collected 324 bats from 14 species on peninsular Malaysia. Neutralizing antibodies to Nipah virus were demonstrated in five species, suggesting widespread infection in bat populations in peninsular Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antibodies, Viral/blood
  9. Fulltext Serological evidence of hantavirus infections in Malaysia
    Lam SK, Chua KB, Myshrall T, Devi S, Zainal D, Afifi SA, et al.
    Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health, 2001 Dec;32(4):809-13.
    PMID: 12041558
    Hantaviruses are primarily rodent-borne and transmission is by inhalation of virus-contaminated aerosols of rodent excreta, especially urine and saliva. The genus Hantavirus, family Bunyaviridae, comprises at least 14 serotypes and the symptoms of clinical illness range from mild fever to severe hemorrhagic manifestations with renal complications. Many countries in Southeast Asia are unaware of the importance of hantavirus infections and give them low priority. Malaysia, like other countries in the region, has conducted very few studies on the epidemiology of hantaviruses - and even these were conducted in the 1980s. Using a more extensive range of hantavirus antigens, we conducted a seroprevalence study of rodents and humans and found further evidence of hantavirus infections. Moreover, the data from the antibody profiles strongly suggest the presence of different hantaviruses at the study sites.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antibodies, Viral/blood
  10. Detection of rickettsial antibodies using Weil-Felix (OXK and OX19) antigens and the indirect immunoperoxidase assay
    Tay ST, Kamalanathan M, Rohani MY
    Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health, 2003 Mar;34(1):171-4.
    PMID: 12971531
    Matched MeSH terms: Antibodies, Bacterial/immunology*
  11. A preliminary study of the status of leptospirosis in the Malaysian Armed forces
    Tan DS, Lopes DA
    Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health, 1972 Jun;3(2):208-11.
    PMID: 5082848
    Matched MeSH terms: Antibodies/isolation & purification
  12. Human adenovirus type 8: the major agent of epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (EKC)
    Adhikary AK, Banik U
    J Clin Virol, 2014 Dec;61(4):477-86.
    PMID: 25464969 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2014.10.015
    Human adenovirus type 8 (HAdV-8) is the most common causative agent of a highly contagious eye disease known as epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (EKC). HAdV-8 strains have been classified into genome types HAdV-8A to 8K and HAdV/D1 to D12 according to restriction endonuclease analysis. This review focuses on the significance of HAdV-8 as an agent of EKC. Molecular analysis of HAdV-8 genome types HAdV-53 and HAdV-54 was performed to reveal potential genetic variation in the hexon and fiber, which might affect the antigenicity and tropism of the virus, respectively. On the basis of the published data, three patterns of HAdV-8 genome type distribution were observed worldwide: (1) genome types restricted to a microenvironment, (2) genome types distributed within a country, and (3) globally dispersed genome types. Simplot and zPicture showed that the HAdV-8 genome types were nearly identical to each other. HAdV-54 is very close to the HAdV-8P, B and E genomes, except in the hexon. In a restriction map, HAdV-8P, B, and E share a very high percentage of restriction sites with each other. Hypervariable regions (HVRs) of the hexon were conserved and were 100% identical among the genome types. The fiber knob of HAdV-8P, A, E, J and HAdV-53 were 100% identical. In phylogeny, HVRs of the hexon and fiber knob of the HAdV-8 genome types segregated into monophyletic clusters. Neutralizing antibodies against one genome type will provide protection against other genome types, and the selection of future vaccine strains would be simple due to the stable HVRs. Molecular analysis of whole genomes, particularly of the capsid proteins of the remaining genome types, would be useful to substantiate our observations.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antibodies, Viral/immunology; Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology
  13. Fulltext Safety and immunogenicity of a tetravalent dengue vaccine in healthy children aged 2-11 years in Malaysia: a randomized, placebo-controlled, Phase III study
    Hss AS, Koh MT, Tan KK, Chan LG, Zhou L, Bouckenooghe A, et al.
    Vaccine, 2013 Dec 2;31(49):5814-21.
    PMID: 24135573 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.10.013
    Dengue disease is a major public health problem across the Asia-Pacific region for which there is no licensed vaccine or treatment. We evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of Phase III lots of a candidate vaccine (CYD-TDV) in children in Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antibodies, Viral/blood; Antibodies, Neutralizing/blood
  14. Fulltext Immunization with recombinant enterovirus 71 viral capsid protein 1 fragment stimulated antibody responses in hamsters
    Ch'ng WC, Stanbridge EJ, Wong KT, Ong KC, Yusoff K, Shafee N
    Virol J, 2012;9:155.
    PMID: 22877087 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422X-9-155
    Enterovirus 71 (EV71) causes severe neurological diseases resulting in high mortality in young children worldwide. Development of an effective vaccine against EV71 infection is hampered by the lack of appropriate animal models for efficacy testing of candidate vaccines. Previously, we have successfully tested the immunogenicity and protectiveness of a candidate EV71 vaccine, containing recombinant Newcastle disease virus capsids that display an EV71 VP1 fragment (NPt-VP11-100) protein, in a mouse model of EV71 infection. A drawback of this system is its limited window of EV71 susceptibility period, 2 weeks after birth, leading to restricted options in the evaluation of optimal dosing regimens. To address this issue, we have assessed the NPt-VP11-100 candidate vaccine in a hamster system, which offers a 4-week susceptibility period to EV71 infection. Results obtained showed that the NPt-VP11-100 candidate vaccine stimulated excellent humoral immune response in the hamsters. Despite the high level of antibody production, they failed to neutralize EV71 viruses or protect vaccinated hamsters in viral challenge studies. Nevertheless, these findings have contributed towards a better understanding of the NPt-VP11-100 recombinant protein as a candidate vaccine in an alternative animal model system.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antibodies, Viral/blood*; Antibodies, Neutralizing/blood
  15. Fulltext scFv antibody: principles and clinical application
    Ahmad ZA, Yeap SK, Ali AM, Ho WY, Alitheen NB, Hamid M
    Clin. Dev. Immunol., 2012;2012:980250.
    PMID: 22474489 DOI: 10.1155/2012/980250
    To date, generation of single-chain fragment variable (scFv) has become an established technique used to produce a completely functional antigen-binding fragment in bacterial systems. The advances in antibody engineering have now facilitated a more efficient and generally applicable method to produce Fv fragments. Basically, scFv antibodies produced from phage display can be genetically fused to the marker proteins, such as fluorescent proteins or alkaline phosphatase. These bifunctional proteins having both antigen-binding capacity and marker activity can be obtained from transformed bacteria and used for one-step immunodetection of biological agents. Alternatively, antibody fragments could also be applied in the construction of immunotoxins, therapeutic gene delivery, and anticancer intrabodies for therapeutic purposes. This paper provides an overview of the current studies on the principle, generation, and application of scFv. The potential of scFv in breast cancer research is also discussed in this paper.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antibodies, Bispecific/biosynthesis; Antibodies, Bispecific/immunology; Antibodies, Bispecific/therapeutic use*
  16. Fulltext Broad reactive monoclonal antibodies for rapid identification of enteroviruses show cross-reactivity with chikungunya virus infected cells
    Khairul AH, Chem YK, Keniscope C, Rosli J, Hassan S, Mat J, et al.
    Malays J Pathol, 2010 Jun;32(1):49-52.
    PMID: 20614726 MyJurnal
    In the past decade, enterovirus 71 (EV71) and chikungunya (CHIK) virus have re-emerged periodically causing serious public health problems in Malaysia, since their first emergence in 1997 and 1998 respectively. This study demonstrates that CHIK virus causes similar patterns of cytopathic effect in cultured Vero cells as some enteroviruses. They also show positive cross-reaction on direct immunofluorescence staining using monoclonal antibodies meant for typing enteroviruses. Without adequate clinical and epidemiological information for correlation, CHIK virus isolated from patients with acute febrile rash can be wrongly reported as untypeable enterovirus due to its cross-reactivity with commercial pan-enterovirus monoclonal antibodies. This is due to the diagnostic laboratory being unaware of such cross-reactions as it has not been reported previously. Final identification of the virus could be determined with specific antibodies or molecular typing using specific oligonucleotide primers for the CHIK virus.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antibodies, Monoclonal*; Antibodies, Viral/immunology*
  17. Candida parapsilosis-specific monoclonal antibodies and their use for detection of Candida antigens in experimental systemic candidiasis
    Wong SF, Mak JW
    Hybridoma (Larchmt), 2010 Dec;29(6):539-46.
    PMID: 21117988 DOI: 10.1089/hyb.2010.0049
    Candida parapsilosis has emerged as one of the most common causes of bloodstream infection worldwide. The diagnosis of invasive candidiasis etiological agents to the species level remains a laboratory and clinical challenge. Thus, specific monoclonal antibodies to detect systemic candidiasis and to identify Candida virulence factors and associated pathogenesis through immunohistochemistry would be very useful. Inbred Balb/c mice were immunized with C. parapsilosis antigens, and blood was checked for the presence of reactive antibodies using ELISA. Fusion was performed using the harvested spleen cells and NS1 myeloma cells, and the clones were screened for the presence of antibody producing hybrid cells by dot-blot. The 1B11 clone secreted IgG2a monoclonal antibody that was reactive with the C. parapsilosis antigen at MW of 59 kDa and cross-reacted with C. tropicalis but not with other fungal and bacterial antigens tested. Another 3D1 clone secreted IgG1 monoclonal antibody that was reactive with C. parapsilosis antigen at MW of 30 kDa. The 3D1 monoclonal antibody was found to be species specific. Experimental systemic candidiasis in rats was induced through intravenous injection of C. parapsilosis, and all the vital organs were collected for immunohistochemistry study. These monoclonal antibodies were reactive against surface epitopes on the yeast cells, pseudohyphae, and immune complexes in tissue sections. Sandwich ELISAs using these antibodies were developed and were able to detect circulating antigens in experimental candidiasis in rats at 0.2 μg/μL. These monoclonal antibodies may have potential as primary capture antibodies for the development of rapid diagnostic test for human systemic fungal infection.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antibodies, Monoclonal/biosynthesis*; Antibodies, Monoclonal/blood; Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology*
  18. Fulltext Epizootology and experimental infection of Yokose virus in bats
    Watanabe S, Omatsu T, Miranda ME, Masangkay JS, Ueda N, Endo M, et al.
    Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis, 2010 Jan;33(1):25-36.
    PMID: 18789527 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2008.07.008
    To reveal whether bats serve as an amplifying host for Yokose virus (YOKV), we conducted a serological survey and experimentally infected fruit bats with YOKV isolated from microbats in Japan. YOKV belongs to the Entebbe bat virus group of vector unknown group within the genus Flavivirus and family Flaviviridae. To detect antibodies against YOKV, we developed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using biotinylated anti-bat IgG rabbit sera. Serological surveillance was conducted with samples collected in the Philippines and the sera supplied from Malaysia. One of the 36 samples from the Philippines (2.7%) and 5 of the 26 samples from Malaysia (19%) had detectable ELISA antibodies. In the experimental infections, no clinical signs of disease were observed. Moreover, no significant viral genome amplification was detected. These findings revealed that YOKV replicates poorly in the fruit bat, suggesting that fruit bats do not seem to serve as an amplifying host for YOKV.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antibodies, Viral/blood; Antibodies, Neutralizing/blood
  19. Peptide mimotopes of complex carbohydrates in Salmonella enterica serovar typhi which react with both carbohydrate-specific monoclonal antibody and polyclonal sera from typhoid patients
    Thong KL, Tang SS, Tan WS, Devi S
    Microbiol. Immunol., 2007;51(11):1045-52.
    PMID: 18037781
    Polyclonal sera from typhoid patients and a monoclonal antibody, mAb ATVi, which recognizes the capsular polysaccharide Vi antigen (ViCPS), were used to select for peptides that mimic the ViCPS by using a phage-displayed random 12-mer peptide library. Two major common mimotopes selected from the library carried the amino acid sequences TSHHDSHGLHRV and ENHSPVNIAHKL. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) showed that these peptides carry mimotopes to ViCPS. Phage clones that contained the 12-mer peptides were also tested against pooled/individual typhoid patients' sera and found to have 3 to 5 times higher binding compared to normal sera. By using Phage-ELISA assays, the derived synthetic peptides, TSHHDSHGLHRV and ENHSPVNIAHKL, were tested against a monoclonal antibody mAb ATVi and over 2-fold difference in binding was found between these peptides and a control unrelated peptide, CTLTTKLYC. Inhibition of the mAb's binding to ViCPS indicated that the synthetic peptides successfully competed with the capsular polysaccharide for antibody binding.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antibodies, Bacterial/blood*; Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
  20. Fulltext Dengue patients exhibit higher levels of PrM and E antibodies than their asymptomatic counterparts
    Yeo AS, Rathakrishnan A, Wang SM, Ponnampalavanar S, Manikam R, Sathar J, et al.
    Biomed Res Int, 2015;2015:420867.
    PMID: 25815314 DOI: 10.1155/2015/420867
    Dengue virus infection is a common tropical disease which often occurs without being detected. These asymptomatic cases provide information in relation to the manifestation of immunological aspects. In this study, we developed an ELISA method to compare neutralizing effects of dengue prM and E antibodies between dengue patients and their asymptomatic household members. Recombinant D2 premembrane (prM) was constructed, cloned, and tested for antigenicity. The recombinant protein was purified and tested with controls by using an indirect ELISA method. Positive dengue serum samples with their asymptomatic pair were then carried out onto the developed ELISA. In addition, commercially available recombinant envelope (E) protein was used to develop an ELISA which was tested with the same set of serum samples in the prM ELISA. Asymptomatic individuals showed preexisting heterotypic neutralizing antibodies. The recombinant prM was antigenically reactive in the developed ELISA. Dengue patients had higher prM and E antibodies compared to their household members. Our study highlights the neutralizing antibodies levels with respect to dengue prM and E between dengue patients and asymptomatic individuals.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antibodies, Viral/immunology*; Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology
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