This is a case of a 25 year old lady whose eye had been infected by cysticercosis. This case highlighted that the inflammation was due to host immune response. She was treated with oral corticosteroid and the lesions regressed.
Inverted papilloma is the most common benign tumor of nose and paranasal sinuses arising from lateral nasal wall and middle meatus. Histologically these tumors are composed of epithelial nests that are inverted, exophytic and cylindrical. Here we describe a clinical case of nasal cylindrical cell papilloma, which was treated by endoscopic excision.
Matched MeSH terms: Nose Neoplasms/diagnosis*; Papilloma/diagnosis*
The resurging interest in diagnostic laparoscopy has witnessed its increasing application in trauma surgery. Such unbridled enthusiasm has at times overlooked its shortcoming in the diagnosis and management of certain in abdominal injuries. We report and discuss one such conspicuous limitation and advocate that the use laparoscopy in abdominal trauma should be tempered with caution.
Leiomyomas are benign soft tissue swellings of smooth muscle origin, most commonly found in the uterus. Extra uterine leiomyomas presenting as an abdominal mass is often a diagnostic challenge as such occurrence is rare. We present a rare case of primary abdominal wall leiomyoma, and highlight the importance of laparoscopic approach in the diagnosis and treatment of such tumour.
A female patient presenting with post-prandial epigastric pain and weight loss was diagnosed to have oesophageal tuberculosis by endoscopic biopsy. She responded well to standard anti-tuberculosis treatment.
Double teeth or joined teeth have been described under several different terms and the terminology is often confusing. There are several ways in which union of teeth can occur and the terms that are commonly used to describe the condition are fusion and gemination. Although primary double teeth themselves may be regarded as harmless anomalies, its presence can cause some abnormalities to occur in the permanent dentition. Therefore, early diagnosis of the anomaly is of considerable importance.
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the commonest cancers in Asian males. In Malaysia, it is one of the ten most common cancers amongst the male population. Most of our patients with HCC present to us rather late and almost all die within 4 months of diagnosis. HCC occurs more commonly in patients with cirrhosis associated with hepatitis B and C infections. Screening for HCC can lead to early detection of small tumours (< 5 cm) that are more amenable to surgical resection, resulting in improved survival rates. The average 5-year survival rate for those who have undergone surgical resection is 68% (range, 22-73%). Better results are obtained with the smaller tumours (< 2 cm in diameter). Patients with chronic hepatitis B and C infection especially those who are > 45 years of age, who have concomitant cirrhosis or have a family history of HCC should be examined every 3-6 months with periodic serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) measurements and abdominal ultrasound examinations. Abdominal ultrasound is useful in the detection of small tumours. While mass screening for HCC is not cost-effective in countries of low incidence of HCC, screening of high risk groups may be justified in countries with a high endemicity of HBV infection. Screening for HCC in Japan, Taiwan and China appears to yield better results than those in the West. Nonetheless, primary prevention with mass hepatitis B vaccination and blood donor screening for anti-HCV is expected to make a much greater impact in the control of HCC in the years to come.
We report a case of total occlusion of the left main coronary artery (LMCA) in a patient with chronic, stable angina. Total occlusion of the LMCA is rare and survival depends on the existence of collateral circulation. In LMCA disease, there is usually also disease in other parts of the coronary arterial tree.
Juvenile xanthogranuloma is a benign cutaneous growth presenting as papules or nodules. It is characterized by an intradermal collection of lipid-laden macrophages and varying degrees of fibroblastic proliferation. We have recently observed two patients with xanthogranulomas: one was found to have a papular type and the second patient had multiple nodular growths. We present these cases, which should be considered in the differential diagnosis of skin nodules.
We present a young lady who satisfied the criteria for the diagnosis of toxic-shock syndrome (TSS). The differential diagnoses of TSS in the local setting are outlined. The pertinent clinical features of TSS and its increasing association with nonmenstruating females are highlighted.
A rare case of hydatidiform mole occurring 7 consecutive times in a Chinese woman is presented. She was first seen in 1979 at the age of 23 years, with a molar pregnancy and subsequently had 6 consecutive moles, the last being in July, 1986; at this visit the patient and her husband were very depressed, and convinced that a normal pregnancy was unlikely and requested a hysterectomy. They were warned earlier several times, of the possible long-term consequences of a recurrent mole and that their chance of having a normal baby was very remote. A total hysterectomy was performed at her last presentation as the patient requested one, instead of dilatation and curettage for a persistently high HCG and bulky uterus following suction evacuation. Histology revealed an invasive mole. The beta HCG level was less than 4IU/l by the end of September, 1986 and she is still being followed-up.
A series of 18 cases of tuberculous encephalopathy (TBE) in children studied between June 1983 and October 1984 at Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kota Kinabalu is presented. The data suggest that: the incidence is not as rare as previously thought; the occurrence of TBE is related to the absence of BCG vaccination; the presentation is often late; laboratory data, although helpful is not often confirmatory; early treatment is the key to better outcome; the clinical picture should outweigh laboratory diagnosis in the initial assessment and management.
Over a two year period, 323 livers were examined using ultrasound. Majority of these cases were icteric and ultrasound could distinguish obstructive from non-obstructive jaundice. Primary and secondary liver tumours were also detected. Liver abscesses, and radiolucent gallstones were picked up by ultrasound, the areas under study being scanned using standard methods as outlined by various ultrasonographists.
A patient with a left atrial myxoma is reported to illustrate the value of two dimensional real time echocardiography in the diagnosis of intracavitary cardiac tumours.
Nine cases of histologically diagnosed chromoblastomycosis are reported from Malaysia. All the patients were males and ranged in age from 56 to 65 years. The duration of symptoms varied from 5 months to 13 years. All the lesions were noted in the lower limbs. Malignancy was suspected clinically in 5 cases. The diagnosis was established by finding characteristic brown muriform cells in the tissue sections.