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Fulltext Making the invisible visible: Developing and evaluating an intervention to raise awareness and reduce lead exposure among children and their caregivers in rural Bangladesh

Jahir T, Pitchik HO, Rahman M, Sultana J, Shoab AKM, Nurul Huda TM, et al.

Environ Res, 2021 Aug;199:111292.
PMID: 33971132 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111292

Lead exposure is harmful at any time in life, but pre-natal and early childhood exposures are particularly detrimental to cognitive development. In Bangladesh, multiple household-level lead exposures pose risks, including turmeric adulterated with lead chromate and food storage in lead-soldered cans. We developed and evaluated an intervention to reduce lead exposure among children and their caregivers in rural Bangladesh. We conducted formative research to inform theory-based behavioral recommendations. Lead exposure was one of several topics covered in the multi-component intervention focused on early child development. Community health workers (CHWs) delivered the lead component of the intervention during group sessions with pregnant women and mother-child dyads (<15 months old) in a cluster-randomized trial. We administered household surveys at baseline (control n = 301; intervention n = 320) and 9 months later at endline (control n = 279; intervention n = 239) and calculated adjusted risk and mean differences for primary outcomes. We conducted two qualitative assessments, one after 3 months and a second after 9 months, to examine the feasibility and benefits of the intervention. At endline, the prevalence of lead awareness was 52 percentage points higher in the intervention arm compared to the control (adjusted risk difference: 0.52 [95% CI 0.46 to 0.61]). Safe turmeric consumption and food storage practices were more common in the intervention versus control arm at endline, with adjusted risk differences of 0.22 [0.10 to 0.32] and 0.13 [0.00 to 0.19], respectively. Semi-structured interviews conducted with a subset of participants after the intervention revealed that the perceived benefit of reducing lead exposure was high because of the long-term negative impacts that lead can have on child cognitive development. The study demonstrates that a group-based CHW-led intervention can effectively raise awareness about and motivate lead exposure prevention behaviors in rural Bangladesh. Future efforts should combine similar awareness-raising efforts with longer-term regulatory and structural changes to systematically and sustainably reduce lead exposure.

Matched MeSH terms: Child; Child Development; Child, Preschool
Influences of women empowerment indices on demand for childcare services: Evidence from the Nigeria Demographic and Health Surveys

Dejun Z, Remi RA, Mouchun Y, Romanus O, Mihajlo J

Afr J Reprod Health, 2023 Oct 31;27(10):65-80.
PMID: 37915165 DOI: 10.29063/ajrh2023/v27i10.6

This study examined the effect of various dimensions of women's empowerment on childcare use in Nigeria, utilizing information from five rounds of the National Demographic and Health Surveys. The analysis made use of both binary and multinomial logistic regression. The findings show that women who share household choices with their spouses were more likely to undertake postnatal care for their babies in either private or public hospitals compared to self-medication/others/traditional. Also, women who owned houses and those who participate in economic activities are significantly more inclined to use postnatal services for babies in health facilities. By implication, women empowerment is a significant factor to consider in improving childcare services in Nigeria. This suggests that in order to improve the health of children, women's inputs in household decision-making should be accommodated, while efforts should be made to enhance household socioeconomic position, and support mothers to have formal education. The findings also suggest that promoting women's empowerment can play a crucial role in increasing the demand for formal childcare services.

Matched MeSH terms: Child; Child Care*
Lexical Alignment is Pervasive Across Contexts in Non-WEIRD Adult-Child Interactions

Chieng ACJ, Wynn CJ, Wong TP, Barrett TS, Borrie SA

Cogn Sci, 2024 Mar;48(3):e13417.
PMID: 38478742 DOI: 10.1111/cogs.13417

Lexical alignment, a communication phenomenon where conversational partners adapt their word choices to become more similar, plays an important role in the development of language and social communication skills. While this has been studied extensively in the conversations of preschool-aged children and their parents in Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, and Democratic (WEIRD) communities, research in other pediatric populations is sparse. This study makes significant expansions on the existing literature by focusing on alignment in naturalistic conversations of school-aged children from a non-WEIRD population across multiple conversational tasks and with different types of adult partners. Typically developing children aged 5 to 8 years (n = 45) engaged in four semi-structured conversations that differed by task (problem-solving vs. play-based) and by partner (parent vs. university student), resulting in a corpus of 180 conversations. Lexical alignment scores were calculated and compared to sham conversations, representing alignment occurring at the level of chance. Both children and adults coordinated their conversational utterances by re-using or aligning each other's word choices. This alignment behavior persisted across conversational tasks and partners, although the degree of alignment was moderated by the conversational context. These findings suggest that lexical alignment is a robust phenomenon in conversations between school-age children and adults. Furthermore, this study extends lexical alignment findings to a non-WEIRD culture, suggesting that alignment may be a coordination strategy employed by adults and children across diverse linguistic and cultural backgrounds.

Matched MeSH terms: Child; Child Language; Child, Preschool
Fulltext Reassessment on the development of children with disability in Malaysia

Tan KL, Yadav H

Med J Malaysia, 2008 Mar;63(1):17-20.
PMID: 18935725 MyJurnal

This is a cohort study investigating the profile of children with disability registered with the primary health care clinics in Malaysia. The purpose of the study was to determine whether reassessment on the development of children with disability under rehabilitation should be done at three months interval or six months interval. Secondary data from the pilot project conducted by the Family Health Development Division, Ministry of Health Malaysia was used in this study. The study was carried out for seven months from 1st August 2004 until 28th February 2005. A total of 168 disabled children followed up for six months were selected in this study. Schedule of Growing Scale (SGS) II was the tool used for analysis. Results showed a statistically significant difference in the mean total SGS score at six months interval but not at three months interval. The result suggests that reassessment on children with Down Syndrome, Autism, Cerebral Palsy, mental retardation and delayed speech under rehabilitation should be carried out every six months while children with gross developmental delay and slow learner might need a longer interval for reassessment.

Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
Fulltext Nutrient intake and socio-economic status among children attending a health exhibition in Malaysian rural villages

Norhayati M, Noor Hayati MI, Oothuman P, Fatmah MS, Zainudin B, Fatimah A

Med J Malaysia, 1995 Dec;50(4):382-90.
PMID: 8668061

A dietary survey was carried out in 216 children (109 males, 107 females) aged 1-7 years, living in rural villages in Selangor, Malaysia to assess their nutrient intake and to determine the association between nutrient consumption and socio-economic background. All the children studied had inadequate intakes of energy, iron and niacin according to Recommended Daily Intake (RDI). Children aged of 4-9 years showed inadequate intake of calcium, thiamine and riboflavin. However, the intake of protein, vitamin A and ascorbic acid were above the recommended value. The mean percentage requirements of protein, iron and niacin were significantly higher in children from small families compared with children from large families. However the employment status of mothers had a significantly effect on the mean percentage requirements of niacin. The results indicate that education level of the mothers, is strongly associated with the mean percentage nutrient requirements of children and we strongly feel that this is a strategy to be adopted for improvement in nutrition of children.

Matched MeSH terms: Child; Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena*; Child, Preschool
Comparison between the development of Malaysian and Denver children

Chen ST

J Singapore Paediatr Soc, 1989;31(3-4):178-85.
PMID: 2638722

126 Malay children from higher income families were followed-up regularly from birth to six years of age in the University Hospital, Kuala Lumpur. Their developmental performance was compared to that of Denver children. Generally, Malaysian and Denver children appear to be similar in their development during the first six years of life except for some minor differences in the personal-social, language and gross motor sectors. Malaysians appear to be slower in self-care but more advanced in "helping around the house", "playing interactive games" and in "separating from mother". They were slightly slower in gross motor function during the first year of life but more advanced during the second year of life. However, they were slightly more advanced in language development. The differences in development between the two groups of children are discussed and it is concluded that the differences can partly be explained by differences in socio-economic or cultural differences between the two groups of children. However, the influence of genetic factors cannot be dismissed.

Matched MeSH terms: Child; Child Development*; Child, Preschool
Fulltext Child nutrition among the Penans of the Upper Baram, Sarawak

Chen PCY

Med J Malaysia, 1984 Dec;39(4):264-8.
PMID: 6544931
Matched MeSH terms: Child; Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena*; Child, Preschool
Parent Ratings of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire: What Is the Optimum Factor Model?

Gomez R, Stavropoulos V

Assessment, 2019 09;26(6):1142-1153.
PMID: 28735555 DOI: 10.1177/1073191117721743

To date, at least 12 different models have been suggested for the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). The current study used confirmatory factor analysis to examine the relative support for these models. In all, 1,407 Malaysian parents completed SDQ ratings of their children (age range = 5-13 years). Although the findings showed some degree of support for all 12 models, there was most support for an oblique six-factor model that included the five SDQ domains (emotional problems, conduct problems, hyperactivity, peer problems, and low prosocial behavior) and a positive construal factor comprising all the 10 SDQ positive worded items. The original proposed five-factor oblique model also showed good fit. The implications of the findings for understanding the results of past studies of the structural models of the parent version of the SDQ, and for clinical and research practice involving the SDQ are discussed.

Matched MeSH terms: Child; Child Behavior Disorders/diagnosis*; Child, Preschool
Cutaneous Mastocytosis in a Pediatric Dental Patient: Multidisciplinary Approach to Oral Management

Sanusi SY, Hallett KB

J Dent Child (Chic), 2021 Jan 15;88(1):62-65.
PMID: 33875055

Mastocytosis is a heterogeneous disease of bone marrow origin, characterized by local or diffuse increased growth and accumulation of clonal mast cells in the skin and/or in internal organs. The skin is the organ most frequently involved, but others may be affected as well. The purpose of this article is to present the oral management of a child with urticaria pigmentosa/maculopapulous cutaneous mastocytosis requiring dental treatment under general anesthesia. The multidisciplinary team approach involving the relevant medical specialists is discussed to emphasize the significance of coordinated patient management.

Matched MeSH terms: Child
Dental infections among school children in Penang: A reply

Tratman EK

Malayan Medical Journal, 1935;10:116.

Matched MeSH terms: Child
Vincent's disease - a local outbreak

Veerasingham KV, Somasundaram A

Malayan Medical Journal, 1935;10:21.

Matched MeSH terms: Child
Urinary tract infection in childhood

Jai Mohan A

Family Practitioner, 1983;6:19-22.

Matched MeSH terms: Child
The European child

Malayan Medical Journal, 1928;3:29.

Matched MeSH terms: Child
Dental caries and the Malayan school child

Mummery CF

Malayan Medical Journal, 1929;4:136-7.

Matched MeSH terms: Child
Suspected child abuse and neglect cases in a single tertiary hospital in Malaysia - a 5-year retrospective study

Vinitha P, Rohaizah B, Faiza MR

Med J Malaysia, 2020 09;75(5):548-554.
PMID: 32918425

BACKGROUND: Published reports by the Social Welfare Department of Malaysia suggests that child abuse and neglect cases has been steadily increasing. There is a lack of basic data and qualitative study on child maltreatment in Malaysia.
OBJECTIVE: The aim is to describe the pattern and demographic features of all suspected child abuse and neglect (SCAN) cases seen in a single tertiary hospital in Malaysia over a period of five years.
METHODS: A retrospective descriptive review of children suspected of maltreatment, aged 0 to 18 years old who presented to the Hospital Serdang (HS), Selangor, Malaysia from January 2014 to December 2018 was done. A list of registered SCAN cases obtained from One Stop Crisis Centre (OSCC) HS census. Clinical information of patients was retrieved from the computerised database.
RESULTS: In all, there were a total of 391 SCAN cases over five years with almost a 3-fold increase in the number of cases from 2014 to 2018. Physical abuse was the most common (55%) seen followed by sexual abuse (34%) and neglect (10%). There were four deaths, all involving infants <1 year old who were physically abused by babysitters. The main perpetrator in sexual abuse were people known to the victim. Ninety-three percent of patients were neglected by their biological parents and more than 2/3rd of neglect cases occurred due to inadequate supervision.
DISCUSSION: Child maltreatment is an inevitable burden to our health system and infants are the most vulnerable group to sustain significant injuries leading to death and disabilities.

Matched MeSH terms: Child; Child Abuse*; Child, Preschool
Profiling of pornography addiction among children using EEG signals: A systematic literature review

Kang X, Handayani DOD, Chong PP, Acharya UR

Comput Biol Med, 2020 10;125:103970.
PMID: 32892114 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2020.103970

Nowadays human behavior has been affected with the advent of new digital technologies. Due to the rampant use of the Internet by children, many have been addicted to pornography. This addiction has negatively affected the behaviors of children including increased impulsiveness, learning ability to attention, poor decision-making, memory problems, and deficit in emotion regulation. The children with porn addiction can be identified by parents and medical practitioners as third-party observers. This systematic literature review (SLR) is conducted to increase the understanding of porn addiction using electroencephalogram (EEG) signals. We have searched five different databases namely IEEE, ACM, Science Direct, Springer and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) using addiction, porn, and EEG as keywords along with 'OR 'operation in between the expressions. We have selected 46 studies in this work by screening 815,554 papers from five databases. Our results show that it is possible to identify children with porn addiction using EEG signals.

Matched MeSH terms: Child
Fulltext Evaluation of the school supplementary feeding program in peninsular Malaysia

Md Arop M, Abdullah A, Abdulrahman S, Mohdjani M

Malays J Nutr, 2000 Mar;6(1):1-15.
PMID: 22692388 MyJurnal

This study was conducted to evaluate the implementation of the School Supplement Feeding Program (SSFP) among primary school in terms of financial management and budget disbursement, food preparation, selection of menus and nutrient content of food served. A total of 129 schools comprising 77 national type, 31 Chinese and 21 Tamil vernacular schools in four different regions (northern, eastern, central and southern) of Peninsular Malaysia were selected for this study. The results of this cross-sectional study showed a need to improve the budget disbursement to schools. Most of the schools followed the guidelines provided by the Ministry of Education for selection of eligible children. The quality of food prepared by contracted (local community members) and voluntary (teachers) operators. The use of 10 recommended menus provided for a 2-week cycle by most of the schools has shown increased acceptance and less monotonous feeling towards the food among the children. Nutrient content of food served increased relatively with an increase in budget from RM0.45 to RM0.80 per child. Parents surveyed indicated that the program should continue as this will keep children from low income families from being hungry during school hours. A continued process of monitoring and evaluation is necessary to improve its implementation.

Matched MeSH terms: Child
Fulltext Advances in the therapy of childhood epilepsy

Aithala, Gururaj

Medical Health Reviews, 2008;2008(1):5-16.
MyJurnal

Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder in childhood. In a majority, the cause of epilepsy remains a mystery in spite of extensive investigations. The aim of drug treatment is to effectively stop the seizures with minimum of side effects, causing no impairment of long term learning abilities of the child. Up to 30% of children with epilepsy may continue to have seizures in spite of adequate drug therapy. In this review, an overview of the recent advances that affect the diagnosis, prognosis and therapy of childhood epilepsy including the dilemmas of everyday practice is presented.

Matched MeSH terms: Child
Malaysian initiatives towards successful breastfeeding

Awin N

Malaysian Journal of Child Health, 1997;9(1):24-31.
MyJurnal

The advantages and benefits of breastfeeding and the scientific basis for them are already well-documented and made known to the health and related professions, policy makers as well as the lay public. The role of breastfeeding in child survival, protection, growth and development has been the focus of several international deliberations, including the Convention of the Protection, Promotion and Support of Breastfeeding (August 1990) and The World Summit for Children (October 1990). Follow-ing the World Summit, our Prime Minister, on 18 July 1991, signed the World Declaration for Child Survival, Protection and Development. (Copied from article).

Matched MeSH terms: Child
Tapeworm infection in Perlis

Teoh SK

Med J Malaysia, 1976 Sep;31(1):57-8.
PMID: 1023014
Matched MeSH terms: Child

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