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  1. Fulltext The Impact of Behavioral Biases on Herding Behavior of Investors in Islamic Financial Products
    Din SMU, Mehmood SK, Shahzad A, Ahmad I, Davidyants A, Abu-Rumman A
    Front Psychol, 2020;11:600570.
    PMID: 33613358 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.600570
    The study aimed to investigate the impact of behavioral biases on herding for Islamic financial products with the mediation of shariah literacy. An adopted questionnaire from several published studies was used to collect data. The data were collected from 410 respondents and were analyzed with SmartPLS. The results for the direct impact showed that self-attribution, illusion of control, and information availability have a positive and significant impact on herding for Islamic financial products while shariah literacy showed an insignificant impact on herding. The results for mediation showed that previously significant and positive impact turned to insignificant when shariah literacy was introduced as mediating variable between the illusion of control, self-attribution, information availability, and herding. From a theoretical perspective, this study would contribute to the existing body of knowledge of financial decision making from shariah literacy point-out. On the other hand, the findings of this study may be useful for investors to avoid herding in the Islamic financial markets. The authors synthesize the contribution made by behavioral finance studies in extending the knowledge of herding behavior in Islamic financial products with a mediating role of shariah literacy. The key limitation of the study includes data that were collected from three districts of Punjab, Pakistan.
    Matched MeSH terms: Islam
  2. Beyond Halal: Maqasid al-Shari'ah to Assess Bioethical Issues Arising from Genetically Modified Crops
    Idris SH, Abdul Majeed AB, Chang LW
    Sci Eng Ethics, 2020 06;26(3):1463-1476.
    PMID: 31933118 DOI: 10.1007/s11948-020-00177-6
    Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) have increasingly dominated commodity crop production in the world in the endeavour to address issues related to food security. However, this technology is not without problems, and can give rise to bioethical issues for consumers, particularly Muslims. The Islamic perspective on GMOs is complex and goes beyond just the determination of whether food is halal or not. If the food is halal, but the process to obtain it is not thoyibban, as it is unethical, then the food cannot be permitted under the Maqasid al-Shari'ah. This paper examines ethical issues pertaining to GM crops and how the related ethical issues contradict with Islamic principles beyond the binary distinction between the contaminated and uncontaminated food. Since GM technology is a contemporary issue that may not be directly addressed in the al-Quran and Sunnah, other Islamic sources should also be referred to when drawing up this code of ethics to achieve the objective of Syariah (Maqasid al-Shari'ah). Maqasid al-Shari'ah can be applied to frame the Islamic bioethics guideline as it is comprehensive and encompasses moral principles directly applicable to modern biotechnology. The paper subsequently explores how the principles of Maqasid al-Shari'ah are applied in addressing these ethical issues.
    Matched MeSH terms: Islam
  3. Fulltext Facilitators and barriers to Sunnah eating practices among overweight middle-aged Muslim women
    Nashrah Adilah Ismail, Nur Islami Mohd Fahmi Teng
    Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2020;16(113):35-36.
    MyJurnal
    Sunnah eating practices (SEP) as guided by the Prophet Muhammad contains an element of healthy eating practices. This study assessed the facilitators and barriers towards SEP among overweight middle-aged Muslim women. A total of 22 participants were recruited through purposive sampling technique and were interviewed face-to-face using a semi-structured interview guide. The major facilitators of SEP are health status, awareness, observed Sunnah practice and culture. Meanwhile, the major barriers are time constraints, outside foods, preferences and culture. Overall, the facilitators and barriers to SEP were much influenced by several factors including family, environment and education.
    Matched MeSH terms: Islam
  4. Fulltext A confirmatory factor analysis of the knowledge, attitude and practice questionnaire towards prevention of respiratory tract infections during Hajj and Umrah
    Goni MD, Naing NN, Hasan H, Wan-Arfah N, Deris ZZ, Arifin WN, et al.
    BMC Public Health, 2020 Nov 10;20(1):1684.
    PMID: 33172429 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09756-5
    BACKGROUND: Respiratory tract infections are one of the common infection associated with Hajj pilgrimage that is of great public health and global concern. This study is aimed at determining the factor structure of the knowledge, attitude, and practice questionnaire for the prevention of respiratory tract infections during Hajj by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA).

    METHODS: A multistage cluster sampling method was conducted on Malaysian Umrah pilgrims during the weekly Umrah orientation course. A total of 200 Umrah pilgrims participated in the study. The knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) questionnaire was distributed to pilgrims at the beginning of the orientation and retrieved immediately at the end of the orientation. Data analysis was done using R version 3.5.0 after data entry into SPSS 24. The robust maximum likelihood was used for the estimation due to the multivariate normality assumption violation. A two-factor model was tested for measurement model validity and construct validity for each of the attitude and practice domains.

    RESULTS: CFA of a 25-item in total, the two-factor model yielded adequate goodness-of-fit values. The measurement model also showed good convergent and discriminant validity after model re-specification. A two-factor model was tested for measurement model validity and construct validity for each of the attitude and practice domains. The result also showed a statistically significant value (p 

    Matched MeSH terms: Islam
  5. Fulltext Non-Muslims’ awareness of Halal principles and related food products in Malaysia
    International Food Research Journal, 2010;17(3):667-674.
    MyJurnal
    Although the Halal concept has not been a major element among non-Muslim consumers living in an Islamic country, whether the non-Muslim consumers are aware of the underlying advantages that come with Halal food products or their viewpoints arising from their religious belief, are some intriguing questions that need to be answered. Thus the objective of the study explore the underlying determinants that are likely to influence non-Muslim consumers’ perceptions and attitudes towards Halal concept and Halal food products in Malaysia in lieu of new paradigm in emerging global issues on sustainability, environmental, food safety and animal welfare. A survey was conducted in the Klang Valley where 400 non-Muslim respondents were interviewed via structured questionnaires to gather information on their awareness and attitude towards Halal food products in the Malaysian food market. Descriptive statistic was used to identify the socio-economic/ demographic characteristics and attitudes of the respondents toward the Halal food principles. The logit model
    was used to determine the extent to which selected socio-economic/demographic characteristics influenced
    the respondents’ attitude and understanding on Halal principles and Halal food products. The results of this
    study suggest that non-Muslim consumers are aware of the existence of Halal food, Halal principles and the
    advantages of Halal way in slaughtering the animals. This can be shown by their significant awareness that
    Halal is not only the way Muslim slaughter their animals but also relates to environmental, sustainability,
    animal welfare and food safety. In general, various socio-economic/demographic factors such as education
    level, older generation, those who are more religious and the urban dweller seem to more likely to be aware of the advantages of Halal principles.
    Matched MeSH terms: Islam
  6. Fulltext Perception of the Islamic ruling on smoking among Muslim adults in Malaysia; a preliminary survey
    Shahrin TCA, Azarisman Shah MS, Melor PAM, Jamalludin AR, How SH
    International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2007;6(2):1-8.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Smoking is prevalent among Muslims in this country despite public knowledge regarding smoking as haram (unlawful). This may be due to ignorance of the consensus of the ' mufti ' on the ' fatwa ' on smoking or a result of poor education and understanding of health-related risks of smoking.
    Methods: A cross-sectional, questionnaire-based survey was carried out among the public who attended the IIUM Faculty of Medicine open day in Kuantan, Pahang on June 12th, 2004. Knowledge of smoking-related illnesses and the religious ' fatwa '(edict) on smoking was assessed.
    Results: Seventy four muslims participated in the survey. 46(63%) were smokers (including ex-smokers) and 28(37%) were non–smokers. There was no statistically significant difference between the knowledge of smoking-related illnesses and their knowledge of the religious edict which regards smoking as haram between smokers and non-smokers. Only 6.7% of smokers perceive smoking as haram compared to 48% of non-smokers (p<0.001).
    Conclusion: The conviction that smoking is haram among smokers is still poor among smokers. This could be one of the main reasons contributing to the high prevalence of smoking in our society. There was no difference between smokers and non-smokers concerning their knowledge on the religious edict on smoking and the health-related hazards of smoking.
    Matched MeSH terms: Islam
  7. Fulltext Religious beliefs in relation to smoking: a cross-sectional study among muslim males in the month of Ramadan
    Abu Bakar A Majid, Lokman H Johari, Amal M Nasir, Anselm, S.T., Chan, W.H., Noraziah A Rahman, et al.
    Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine, 2002;2(2):32-35.
    MyJurnal
    A cross—sectional study conducted in the fasting month of Ramadan targeting muslim males assessed their religious beliefs in relation to smoking and their intentions t0 quit smoking in Ramadan. It was found that there law; is a strong association between their perceptions on the religious ruling of smoking as haram (prohibited) in relation to their smoking status. Among the non smokers and ex smokers, 87.8% and 73.6% respectively accept the ruling on smoking as prohibitea'(haram), while only 31.6% of smokers accept smoking as prohibited. Among the smokers, 97.7% smoke a lesser number of cigarettes during Ramadan, while 96.7% of them felt that it is easier to quit during the fasting month. The findings suggest that the religious department needs to provide more information and education to the Muslim population as to the reasons of the ruling on smoking as haram(prohibited) on religious grounds . It was also found that the majority felt it is easier to quit during quit smoking programmes can be emphasized and carried out on a bigger scale during fasting months in the future.
    Matched MeSH terms: Islam
  8. Fulltext Is Assisted Reproductive Technique Shari’aa-compliant? A case study at a fertility centre in Malaysia
    Ahmad Murad Z, Zailin Shah Y, Mansor S, Ahmad Irfan IH, Abdullah L
    International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2014;13(2):21-27.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: To investigate the questions that Muslim patients, embryologists, paramedics, clinical counsellor and doctors may have pertaining to the compliance of Assisted Reproductive Technique (ART) to Shari’aa.

    Methods: As a preliminary study, an open-ended survey was administered to participants. Participants for the survey comprised of 21 patients, 2 embryologists, 2 doctors, 4 paramedics and 1 counsellor.

    Results: Data analysis showed that most of the participants posed questions that fall into six classifications which are: Munakahat (Family Law), social Hukm, Fiqh Ibadah, Fiqh Qadha (Islamic Hukm), General Fiqh and Usul Fiqh.

    Conclusion: It is clear that even though the participants were rather familiar with some of the existing Fatwas pertaining to ART and IVF in Malaysia, there are still remaining doubts which need to be clarified. This indicates that there are challenges faced in seeking and providing ART treatment to Muslim patients. This needs to be addressed perhaps in the form of Shari’aa-compliant guidelines to provide a clear explanation of each process and procedure in fertility treatment.
    Matched MeSH terms: Islam
  9. Fulltext Euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide: a review from islamic point of view
    Yousuf, R.M., Mohammed Fauzi, A.R.
    International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2012;11(1):63-68.
    MyJurnal
    Due to globalizing trend of homogenisation of culture, changes in the health care delivery system and market economics infringing on the practice of medicine, there has been a gradual shift in the attitude of the medical community as well as the lay public towards greater acceptance of euthanasia as an option for terminally ill and dying patients. Physicians in developing countries come across situations where such issues are raised with increasing frequency. As the subject has gained worldwide prominence, we want to review this topic from Islamic perspective due to its significance in medical ethics and clinical practice.
    Matched MeSH terms: Islam
  10. Fulltext Brain death and organ donation: a comparison of three influential groups of Muslim professionals
    Makmor, T., Roza Hazli, Z., Khaled, T., NurulHuda, M.S., Nawi, A., Wan Ahmad Hafiz, W.M.A., et al.
    JUMMEC, 2015;18(1):1-7.
    MyJurnal
    Organ transplantation is a new treatment for end-stage organ failure. However, the total number of transplants performed in Malaysia in 2012 was only 94. Rates of deceased and living donors in Malaysia for 2012 were chronically low (0.55 and 1.87 per million population, respectively). A sample of 350 respondents in mosques, hospitals, and universities in various places in the Klang Valley, Kelantan and Pahang were collected between October and December 2013 to investigate the level of knowledge of health care professionals (HCPs), religious leaders (RLs), and academics (ACAs) and their stand on two issues on brain death. The result on the first issue (procuring organs from brain dead donors for transplantation) revealed that 52.8%, 23.7%, and 23.4% of HCPs, RLs, and ACAs, respectively, were in support of it; 30.2%, 31.8%, and 45.2% were uncertain about it; and 17%, 44.5%, and 31.5% were against it. On the second issue (terminating the life support machine of a brain dead person), 60.4%, 35.7%, and 25% of HCPs, RLs, and ACAs, respectively, were in support of it; 26.4%, 36.4%, and 38.7% were uncertain about it; and 13.2%, 27.7%, and 36.3% were against it. The lack of knowledge on Islam brain death-related issues should be addressed by educational efforts targeting these three groups of professionals. Special emphasis should be paid to educating RLs as they can channel their knowledge and perception to the other groups and to the Muslim public.
    Matched MeSH terms: Islam
  11. Fulltext End-of-life decision and euthanasia from the Islamic perspective
    Osman A
    International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2007;6(1):1-10.
    MyJurnal
    The developments in the technology of life support such as mechanical ventilators, dialysis machines and cardiovascular support techniques have provided the means of maintaining organ function for prolonged period of time. However, in many instances, such life-sustaining treatment in intensive care units did not result in desirable outcome where patients return to their normal state of health. Several ethical issues have surfaced from these medical advances mainly on the decision-making process, which physicians have to deal in their daily practice. Withholding and withdrawing life-prolonging treatments that allow patients to die naturally need to be differentiated from physician-assisted suicides and euthanasia that involves the active ending of life. The definition of life and death and the guiding ethical principles that one takes before embarking to a particular conclusion is a pre-requisite to good clinical practice. Islam, as a comprehensive religion provides clear definition of life and death and has guidelines that underlie its own ‘medical ethics’ that one could be guided by to assist in the decision-making process.
    Matched MeSH terms: Islam
  12. Fulltext Integration of Islamic input in Medical Curriculum–Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM) experience
    Jamilah J, Ahmad Najib A, Dzulkhairi MR, Ariff HO, Nasri Ismail NM
    International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2014;13(2):73-77.
    MyJurnal
    Muslim doctors are those qualified doctors who practise their professional knowledge and skills in line with Islam and upholds the highest standards of ethical and professional behaviour. The medical curriculum of the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences of Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM) was designed with the integration of Islamic input which aims at producing doctors who are able to practise medicine that is integrated with Islamic, moral and ethical values. Halaqah Studies and Fundamental Islamic Knowledge (FIK) courses such as History of Medicine in Islam, Science and Medicine in Quran and Sunnah, Akhlak and Tasawuf, Islamic Jurisprudence and Medical Ethics and Fiqh Issues are taught to students during the pre-clinical and clinical phases. Memorization of selected Quranic verses throughout the programme aim to get the students to apply the verses of the al-Quran into practice in everyday life and especially in their clinical practice. Islamic values are emphasised during doctor-patient interactions in all clinical postings. Islamic knowledge and values integrated in the curriculum are assessed in written and clinical examinations. The outcome of the integration of the Naqli component in the medical curriculum has been demonstrated positively by the students in the patient management problems and clinical consultations. Studies on the outcome of the integrated Islamic input in the medical curriculum among the clinical students and graduates are being carried out.
    Matched MeSH terms: Islam
  13. Fulltext Autonomy to refuse: please doctor, I want to fast, I don't want my medications
    Kumurasamy V, Ahmad Fairuz M, Taib F, Mat Pa MN, Mohd Nazri S, Norzila Z, et al.
    Education in Medicine Journal, 2014;6(1):66-69.
    MyJurnal
    This paper discusses the ethical issues of patient autonomy based on a case of a patient who refused medication during Ramadhan fasting period. Issues on patient autonomy include the right of a patient to refuse medication, informed decision making, the importance of effective communication and the physician roles and responsibilities are discussed. In conclusion, patient autonomy must be respected and valued. However, the need of effective communication in facilitating informed decision making to improve doctor-patient relationship, should not be overlooked and compromised.
    Matched MeSH terms: Islam
  14. Socio-cultural foundations of medical practice in rural Malay communities
    Chen PC
    Med J Malaysia, 1974 Sep;29(1):2-6.
    PMID: 4282625
    Matched MeSH terms: Islam
  15. Fulltext Type 2 diabetes patient's perspective on Ramadan fasting: a qualitative study
    Lee JY, Wong CP, Tan CSS, Nasir NH, Lee SWH
    BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care, 2017;5(1):e000365.
    PMID: 28761651 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2016-000365
    OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the beliefs, experience and diabetes management strategies of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) Muslim patients that chose to fast during Ramadan.
    RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A semistructured focus group interview was conducted with 53 participants with T2DM. Participants were purposefully sampled and asked to share their perspective on Ramadan fasting. All interviews were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim and analyzed thematically.
    RESULTS: Participants reported optimism towards fasting during Ramadan, as they believed that fasting was beneficial to their overall well-being, and a time for family bonding. Most participants made limited attempts to discuss with their doctors on the decision to fast and self-adjusted their medication based on experience and symptoms during this period. They also reported difficulty in managing their diet, due to fear of hypoglycemia and the collective social aspect of fasting.
    CONCLUSION: Muslims are optimistic about their well-being when fasting during Ramadan. Many choose to fulfill their religious obligation despite being discouraged by their doctors. Collaboration with religious authorities should be explored to ensure patients receive adequate education before fasting during Ramadan.
    TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT02189135; Results.
    Matched MeSH terms: Islam
  16. Fulltext 'I can’t pray' - The spiritual needs of Malaysian Muslim patients suffering from depression
    Ahmad Nabil, M.R., Saini, S.M., Sharip, S., Nasrin, N., Bahari, R.
    International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2016;15(1):103-109.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: The mainstay of treatment of depression relies on pharmacological and psychological treatments. On top of that, evidence also recognizes the vital role of spirituality for human wellness which leads to growing interest in its utilization to treat depression. However, research on spirituality among Muslims in relation to depression is relatively scarce. The aim of this study is to explore the understanding of spirituality among Muslim patients with depression, and to explore their spiritual needs.
    Methods: This is a qualitative study conducted on 10 depressed Muslim patients at the UKM Medical Centre. Purposive sampling was done to ensure diversity of subjects. Individual in-depth interviews were conducted using semi-structured questionnaire guidelines. The data were transcribed verbatim and analysed using a thematic approach.
    Result: Out of 10 patients, almost all of them expressed spiritual needs. Two major themes emerged in relation to the spiritual needs which are (i) religious needs; need for worship, religious knowledge and guidance, religious reminders, and (ii) existential needs; need for calmness, sensitivity and empathy, self-discipline, certainty, hope , physical help, ventilate and meaning of illness. These needs are essential for patients during the time of crisis.
    Conclusion: The majority of patients expressed spiritual needs which are required during the process of recovery and this provides an opportunity to incorporate spiritual approaches in the treatment of depression. However, more studies are needed to demonstrate its scientific basis and to design an effective psycho-spiritual treatment modality so that the ‘holistic’ or ‘biopsychosocial-spiritual’ treatment can be integrated by health care professionals to those in need.
    Study site: hospital database at the department of psychiatry (in-patient and outpatient), Pusat Perubatan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (PPUKM), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
    Matched MeSH terms: Islam
  17. Fulltext Knowledge, attitude and practice towards religious obligations among healthcare workers in hospital Langkawi, Malaysia
    Hafiz J., Dzulkhairi, M.R., Shamsir, M.A., Abu, N.
    International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2016;15(2):3-6.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Islamic prayers involve certain physical movements and positions. These positions may be
    difficult to achieve in Muslim patients who suffer from any illness that limit their physical movements.
    Therefore, Islam introduced the concept of Rukhsah or exemptions. The objective of this study was to
    assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices of healthcare workers related to performing prayers during
    illness. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among 121 healthcare workers in
    Hospital Langkawi, between 22nd to 24th April 2014. Simple random sampling method was used to select the
    participants among healthcare workers in Hospital Langkawi to attend a workshop on Rukhsah Ibadah. The
    participants were given a set of questionnaire to answer and all the data were collected just before the talk
    began. Results: The majority of the participants 108 (89.3%) were female and more than half of them 74
    (61.2%) were staff nurses. The mean age for the participants was 32.4 (SD: 9.42) years. About 73 (60.3%) of
    the participants have good knowledge, 62 (51.2%) have good attitude and 73 (60.3%) have good practice
    towards religious obligations and Rukhsah. Bivariate analysis shows no correlation between age and
    knowledge, attitude and practice score. There was also no correlation seen between knowledge, attitude
    and practice score. Conclusion: Almost half of the participants have good knowledge, attitude and practice
    on performing prayers during illness. By conducting proper training and coaching, it is hoped that their level
    of understanding towards Rukhsah can be improved.
    Matched MeSH terms: Islam
  18. Fulltext Personal and professional characteristics of a good muslim doctor: perception of newly graduated doctors
    Azmi, A.N., Jamilah, J., Dzulkhairi, M.R., Ramli, S., Ariff, O., Nasri Ismai,l N.M.
    International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2016;15(2):51-55.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: The Medical Faculty of Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM) aims to produce good Muslim
    doctors (GMD) who are able to practise medicine that is integrated with Islamic values. Islamic courses and
    Medical Ethics are integrated into the curriculum in its effort to provide adequate Islamic knowledge and
    nurturing professionalism as a process of personal and professional development (PPD) within the framework
    of Islamic teaching. The objective of the study was to evaluate the perception of graduates and students of
    characteristics of a GMD. Method: A self-administered questionnaire was distributed to the participants. The
    respondents were asked to rate their level of agreement or disagreement on the statements that represent
    the characteristics of a GMD. Statistical analysis of the data was carried out using SPSS version 18.0. The
    mean, median and inter quartile ranges of the characteristics were determined and differences between the
    groups were analysed using Mann-Whitney U test. Results: Results showed significant difference between
    gender for the item “Conscious of professional ethics” (p=0.021). Significant differences were seen in the
    median scores between the graduates and the final year students in four out of six items for personal
    characteristic. Conclusion: Islamic input in the medical curriculum and the teaching of professionalism has
    an impact on graduate perception of characteristics of a GMD. Further improvement in the teaching of
    professionalism among undergraduates is necessary in order to promote greater impact on the understanding
    and internalization of characteristics of a GMD. The Islamic input in the medical curriculum can thus be
    regarded as the blueprint for PPD of medical undergraduates to become a GMD.
    Matched MeSH terms: Islam
  19. Dangers of COPD and asthma under-recognised among Hajj pilgrims
    Liew SM, Hussein N, Hanafi NS, Pinnock H, Sheikh A, Khoo EM
    Lancet Respir Med, 2018 Aug;6(8):590.
    PMID: 30006073 DOI: 10.1016/S2213-2600(18)30297-2
    Matched MeSH terms: Islam
  20. Fulltext Influence of an intervention program promoting voluntary fasting practices and its perceived barriers among overweight or obese Muslim women working in the public sector, Malaysia
    Suriani Ismail, Rosliza Abdul Manaf, Aidalina Mahmud, Khadijah Shamsuddin
    Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2018;14(2):1-2.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: This article aims to describe the effect of an intervention to promote the practice of voluntary Islamic fasting and its barriers among a group of overweight and obese Muslim women working in the public sector in Malaysia. Materials and methods: In this quasi-experimental study, an intervention to encourage voluntary fasting was delivered in a half day seminar, supported by relevant booklets prepared. A self-administered questionnaire was used to capture data on voluntary fasting practices and its perceived barriers before and four months after the intervention. Data was analysed using Mc Nemar test to compare the proportion before and after the intervention. Significant level was set at p
    Matched MeSH terms: Islam
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