MyMedR

Displaying publications 121 - 140 of 319 in total

Abstract:

Sort:

Fulltext Hand, foot and mouth disease: University Malaya Medical Centre experience

Hooi PS, Chua BH, Lee CSM, Lam SK, Chua KB

Med J Malaysia, 2002 Mar;57(1):88-91.
PMID: 14569723 MyJurnal

The prevalence of HFMD as well as the causative agents was unknown in peninsular Malaysia prior to May 1997. From May 1997 to June 2001, 585 patients suspected to have enterovirus infections, with 467 patients clinically diagnosed as having HFMD, were investigated in the diagnostic virology unit of the University Malaya Medical Centre. Data from this study showed that HFMD is endemic in Malaysia with the occurrence of two outbreaks during the study period. In each outbreak, a number of viruses were isolated but enterovirus 71 was the main virus isolated in both outbreaks. Echovirus 7 (Eo7) was isolated from 5 patients with HFMD in the second outbreak, a clinical entity that has not been attributed to it previously. Children aged 4 years and below, particularly those between 1 and 2 years of age, were in the main group of patients affected by the illness. HFMD by itself and without neurological involvement was relatively benign and self-limiting. There was no significant difference in the virus isolation rate with respect to gender and ethnic groups. Virus isolation was attempted in a total of 764 clinical specimens consisting of 342 stool specimens, 285 oral secretions specimens and 137 vesicular fluid specimens. Oral specimens gave the highest virus isolation rate (33.3%) followed by vesicular specimens (27.0%). Stool specimens only yielded an isolation rate of 14.0%.

Matched MeSH terms: Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease/epidemiology*; Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease/virology
Outbreak of hand, foot and mouth disease in Sarawak. Cluster of deaths among infants and young children

Wkly. Epidemiol. Rec., 1997 Jul 11;72(28):211-2.
PMID: 9329278
Matched MeSH terms: Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease/mortality*; Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease/virology
Neurogenic pulmonary oedema and enterovirus 71 encephalomyelitis

Lum LC, Wong KT, Lam SK, Chua KB, Goh AY

Lancet, 1998 Oct 24;352(9137):1391.
PMID: 9802304
Matched MeSH terms: Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease/epidemiology; Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease/virology*
Fulltext Diabetic foot care practice and its associated factors among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients attending primary health clinics in Kuantan, Malaysia: a cross sectional study

NH Azmi, Azwanis Abdul Hadi, Mohd Aznan Md Aris, E Nasreen, Hashima

IIUM Medical Journal Malaysia, 2020;19(2):13-19.
MyJurnal

INTRODUCTION: One of the most important and debilitating complication of diabetes mellitus is foot
problem such as ulcers, infections and amputations. However, these complications are preventable by simple
intervention such as regular foot care practice. This study aims to assess the foot care practice and its
associated factors among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients attending primary health clinics in Kuantan.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at four primary health clinics in
Kuantan involving 450 study participants who were selected by using universal sampling method. Level of
awareness and practice toward diabetic foot care was assessed using validated self-administered
questionnaire. Multiple logistic regressions were performed to identify factors associated with poor foot care
practice among the respondents. RESULTS: About 59.6% of respondents had poor foot care practice and
50.9% had poor awareness level. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified that, increasing age
(OR 0.97, 95% CI: 0.955-0.993) and good awareness towards foot problem (OR 0.43, 95%CI: 0.289-0.643)
were less likely to have poor foot care practice. However, Malay ethnicity (OR 1.81, 95% CI: 1.002-3.271) and
obesity (OR 1.9, 95% CI: 1.225-2.976) were associated with poor foot care practice after controlling other
variables. CONCLUSION: Majority of the respondents had poor foot care practice and poor awareness.
Respondents who are older and have better awareness are less likely to have poor foot care practice.
Diabetic patients who are Malays and/or obese are predicted to have poor diabetic foot practice and hence
must be prioritized for a sustainable patient education and compliance towards foot care practice at primary
care level.

Matched MeSH terms: Foot; Foot Diseases; Diabetic Foot
A rare case of unilateral postaxial duplicated foot in a developmentally normal child

Sahdi H, Hoong CW, Rasit AH, Arianto F, Siong LK, Abdullah NA

J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong), 2017 01;25(1):2309499016684989.
PMID: 28166702 DOI: 10.1177/2309499016684989

Diplopodia, being a rare congenital disorder, is infrequently discussed in published texts. Most reported cases have accounted the involvement of duplicated preaxial digits with other associated organ system and physical deformities. Here, we present an unusual case of isolated diplopodia involving postaxial toes in a child with no other organ and physical abnormalities. Radiological studies revealed a set of 10-digit-duplicated foot over the lateral aspect of the native foot, complete with phalanges and its corresponding metatarsals as well as tarsals, supplied by an anomalous posterior branch of the popliteal artery. Definitive surgery was performed just before the child was learning to walk.

Matched MeSH terms: Foot Deformities, Congenital/diagnosis*; Foot Deformities, Congenital/surgery
Perineural Injection Therapy in the Management of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome: A Sweet Solution to Pain

Thor JA, Mohamed Hanapi NH, Halil H, Suhaimi A

Pain Med, 2017 10 01;18(10):2041-2045.
PMID: 28460075 DOI: 10.1093/pm/pnx063
Matched MeSH terms: Foot/blood supply; Foot/surgery*
Fulltext Epidemic dynamics, interactions and predictability of enteroviruses associated with hand, foot and mouth disease in Japan

Takahashi S, Metcalf CJE, Arima Y, Fujimoto T, Shimizu H, Rogier van Doorn H, et al.

J R Soc Interface, 2018 09 12;15(146).
PMID: 30209044 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2018.0507

Outbreaks of hand, foot and mouth disease have been documented in Japan since 1963. This disease is primarily caused by the two closely related serotypes of Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) and Coxsackievirus A16 (CV-A16). Here, we analyse Japanese virologic and syndromic surveillance time-series data from 1982 to 2015. As in some other countries in the Asia Pacific region, EV-A71 in Japan has a 3 year cyclical component, whereas CV-A16 is predominantly annual. We observe empirical signatures of an inhibitory interaction between the serotypes; virologic lines of evidence suggest they may indeed interact immunologically. We fit the time series to mechanistic epidemiological models: as a first-order effect, we find the data consistent with single-serotype susceptible-infected-recovered dynamics. We then extend the modelling to incorporate an inhibitory interaction between serotypes. Our results suggest the existence of a transient cross-protection and possible asymmetry in its strength such that CV-A16 serves as a stronger forcing on EV-A71. Allowing for asymmetry yields accurate out-of-sample predictions and the directionality of this effect is consistent with the virologic literature. Confirmation of these hypothesized interactions would have important implications for understanding enterovirus epidemiology and informing vaccine development. Our results highlight the general implication that even subtle interactions could have qualitative impacts on epidemic dynamics and predictability.

Matched MeSH terms: Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease/epidemiology*; Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease/virology*
Fulltext Foot ulcers and their association with diabetic Charcot foot complications

Rahman NA, Fauzi AA, Chung TY, Latif LA, Chan SC

Aust J Gen Pract, 2020 2 3;49(1-2):48-53.
PMID: 32008261 DOI: 10.31128/AJGP-07-19-4991

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Diabetic Charcot foot (DCF) can cause gross structural deformities of the foot and ankle. The main objective of this study was to identify complications of DCF and its associated factors.
METHOD: This is a retrospective cohort study. Data on medical background, previous DCF treatment and complications were obtained. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to measure factors related to various complications of DCF.
RESULTS: Ninety-eight patient records were retrieved. Of the 83 patients who were still alive, 75.9% (n = 63) had recurrent ulcers, 53.0% (n = 44) had undergone foot surgery and 45.8% (n = 38) had undergone amputation. Patients with a history of recurrent ulcers have the highest predilection to amputation (odds ratio: 8.5; 95% confidence interval: 1.8, 39.1).
DISCUSSION: In terms of DCF complications, foot ulcers are an independent predictor of recurrent foot ulcers, foot surgery and amputation. Regular foot assessment of patients with DCF to prevent ulcers is strongly recommended.

Matched MeSH terms: Foot Ulcer/etiology; Foot Ulcer/physiopathology*
Fulltext Foot care strategy for the newly diagnosed DM Type 2 patients with low educational and socio-economic background: a step towards future

Hamidah H, Santhna LP, Ruth Packiavathy RD, Suraya AM, Yap WC, Samsiah M, et al.

Clin Ter, 2012 Nov;163(6):473-8.
PMID: 23306740

BACKGROUND AND AIMS:
Diabetic foot ulcer is one of the major health problems that accounts for increased morbidity among the diabetic patients. Having good knowledge, good attitude and practice of managing the foot prevents the impending chronic co-morbidities of the disease.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This cross-sectional study was performed to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice on foot care among the newly diagnosed diabetic type 2 patients with low education and socio economic background. This study was conducted in one of the out patient clinics in a tertiary hospital. A set of questionnaire adopted from The Michigan Diabetes Research and Training Center (MDRTC), was used to assess 109 respondents based on their knowledge of diabetes mellitus, practice and attitude towards the condition and care of the feet.

RESULTS:
The overall finding on knowledge, practice and attitude had shown unsatisfactory result. There was no relationship between the knowledge, practice and attitude with care of the feet. Only 20 (18.3%) respondents had a high score on knowledge, 31 (28.4%) had practiced good habits and 5 (4.6%) showed positive attitude towards care of the feet. However, there was significant finding on the level of education and the knowledge of foot care (p=0.01);

CONCLUSION:
Strategies should be developed to overcome the longterm complications. As for the Muslim patients, ablution, the ritual practice of washing and cleaning both feet prior to the prayers may be a possible means of checking the feet for any diabetic foot complication.

Matched MeSH terms: Diabetic Foot/etiology*; Diabetic Foot/therapy*
Quantitative assessment of wound healing using high-frequency ultrasound image analysis

Mohafez H, Ahmad SA, Hadizadeh M, Moghimi S, Roohi SA, Marhaban MH, et al.

Skin Res Technol, 2018 Feb;24(1):45-53.
PMID: 28557064 DOI: 10.1111/srt.12388

PURPOSE: We aimed to develop a method for quantitative assessment of wound healing in ulcerated diabetic feet.
METHODS: High-frequency ultrasound (HFU) images of 30 wounds were acquired in a controlled environment on post-debridement days 7, 14, 21, and 28. Meaningful features portraying changes in structure and intensity of echoes during healing were extracted from the images, their relevance and discriminatory power being verified by analysis of variance. Relative analysis of tissue healing was conducted by developing a features-based healing function, optimised using the pattern-search method. Its performance was investigated through leave-one-out cross-validation technique and reconfirmed using principal component analysis.
RESULTS: The constructed healing function could depict tissue changes during healing with 87.8% accuracy. The first principal component derived from the extracted features demonstrated similar pattern to the constructed healing function, accounting for 86.3% of the data variance.
CONCLUSION: The developed wound analysis technique could be a viable tool in quantitative assessment of diabetic foot ulcers during healing.

Matched MeSH terms: Diabetic Foot/physiopathology; Diabetic Foot/surgery
Fulltext Cytokine and Chemokine Profiling in Patients with Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease in Singapore and Malaysia

Teo FMS, Nyo M, Wong AA, Tan NWH, Koh MT, Chan YF, et al.

Sci Rep, 2018 03 06;8(1):4087.
PMID: 29511232 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22379-6

Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is a prevalent contagious childhood disease typically associated with fever, oral lesions and limb exanthema. While HFMD is caused by a plethora of serotypes of viruses under the genus Enterovirus within the Picornaviridae family, Coxsackievirus A16 (CV-A16) and Enterovirus 71 (EV-A71) are considered the main etiological agents. In recent years however, other viruses have also been isolated in considerable numbers from infected individuals in many regions, joining the legion commonly associated with HFMD. The present study investigated the cytokine and chemokine profiles of HFMD patients from Singapore and Malaysia for the first time. Comparative cohort studies of EV-A71-associated HFMD cases revealed that the Malaysia cohort had a distinct profile from the Singapore cohort, and this could be partly attributed by different EV-A71 genotypes. As the isolation of CV-A6, instead of CV-A16, had become prevalent in the Singapore cohort, it was also of particular interest to study the differential cytokine and chemokine profiles. Our data revealed that overlapping as well as unique profiles exist between the two major causative clinical isolates in the Singapore cohort. Having a better understanding of the respective immunological profiles could be useful for more accurate HFMD diagnosis, which is imperative for disease transmission control until multi-valent vaccines and/or broad-spectrum anti-viral drugs become available.

Matched MeSH terms: Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease/pathology*; Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease/virology
Fulltext Efficacy of moxibustion in diabetes peripheral neuropathy

Tay JS, Kim YJ

Medicine (Baltimore), 2021 Dec 10;100(49):e28173.
PMID: 34889293 DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000028173

BACKGROUND: Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is one of the most common complications of diabetes mellitus. The main clinical manifestations of DPN include pain, numbness, paraesthesia, and weakness of the lower limbs which often leads to diabetic foot ulceration, eventually resulting in amputation. Based on Traditional Chinese Medicine theory, moxibustion has a great effect on treating and preventing DPN. However, randomized clinical trials done to evaluate the efficacy of this treatment are still lacking. Hence, this study is carried out to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of moxibustion therapy on diabetic peripheral neuropathy.
METHODS: This study will be a pilot, interventional, randomized, 2-armed, parallel, singled-masked, controlled trial. A total of 40 diabetes mellitus patients with peripheral neuropathy will be recruited and assigned randomly into 2 groups (moxibustion group and waiting group) at a 1:1 ratio. This trial consists of an 8-week intervention period and a 4-week follow-up period. During the intervention period, the moxibustion group will take 3 moxibustion sessions per week, whereas no intervention will be done on the waiting group to act as the control group. The outcome will be assessed by an outcome assessor who is unaware of the group assignment. The primary outcome will be pain assessment measured with algometry, Leeds Assessment of Neuropathic Symptoms and Signs pain scale, visual analogue scale, and neuropathy pain scale. The secondary outcome will be an evaluation of functional performance capacity with 6 minutes walking test, evaluation of the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure, and serum HbA1c and albumin levels.
DISCUSSION: We hope that this trial will provide valuable insights on the efficacy of moxibustion in the management of diabetic peripheral neuropathy.
TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Registry No.: NCT04894461 (URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04894461?term=NCT04894461&draw=2&rank=1) Registered on May 20, 2021.

Matched MeSH terms: Diabetic Foot/complications; Diabetic Foot/therapy
Fulltext Leg Length Discrepancy: Dynamic Balance Response during Gait

Azizan NA, Basaruddin KS, Salleh AF, Sulaiman AR, Safar MJA, Rusli WMR

J Healthc Eng, 2018;2018:7815451.
PMID: 29983905 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7815451

Balance in the human body's movement is generally associated with different synergistic pathologies. The trunk is supported by one's leg most of the time when walking. A person with poor balance may face limitation when performing their physical activities on a daily basis, and they may be more prone to having risk of fall. The ground reaction forces (GRFs), centre of pressure (COP), and centre of mass (COM) in quite standing posture were often measured for the evaluation of balance. Currently, there is still no experimental evidence or study on leg length discrepancy (LLD) during walking. Analysis of the stability parameters is more representative of the functional activity undergone by the person who has a LLD. Therefore, this study hopes to shed new light on the effects of LLD on the dynamic stability associated with VGRF, COP, and COM during walking. Eighteen healthy subjects were selected among the university population with normal BMIs. Each subject was asked to walk with 1.0 to 2.0 ms-1 of walking speed for three to five trials each. Insoles of 0.5 cm thickness were added, and the thickness of the insoles was subsequently raised until 4 cm and placed under the right foot as we simulated LLD. The captured data obtained from a force plate and motion analysis present Peak VGRF (single-leg stance) and WD (double-leg stance) that showed more forces exerted on the short leg rather than long leg. Obviously, changes occurred on the displacement of COM trajectories in the ML and vertical directions as LLD increased at the whole gait cycle. Displacement of COP trajectories demonstrated that more distribution was on the short leg rather than on the long leg. The root mean square (RMS) of COP-COM distance showed, obviously, changes only in ML direction with the value at 3 cm and 3.5 cm. The cutoff value via receiver operating characteristic (ROC) indicates the significant differences starting at the level 2.5 cm up to 4 cm in long and short legs for both AP and ML directions. The present study performed included all the proposed parameters on the effect of dynamic stability on LLD during walking and thus helps to determine and evaluate the balance pattern.

Matched MeSH terms: Foot/physiology; Foot Orthoses
Antiviral activity of povidone-iodine gargle and mouthwash solution against Enterovirus A71, Coxsackieviruses A16, A10 and A6

Ang WX, Tan SH, Wong KT, Perera D, Kuppusamy UR, Ong KC

Trop Biomed, 2024 Sep 01;41(3):241-250.
PMID: 39548776 DOI: 10.47665/tb.41.3.002

Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease (HFMD), a highly contagious viral disease common among infants and young children, is primarily caused by Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) and Coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16). Nonetheless, emerging enteroviruses, such as CV-A10 and CV-A6, have also caused widespread outbreaks globally, in part due to the absence of effective antiviral therapies, and the high personto-person transmission rate. Person-to-person transmission is usually through fecal-oral or oral-oral routes, and sometimes via droplets. As the oral cavity is a primary site for early virus infection and replication, controlling oral viral shedding can mitigate the risk of transmission through this route. Povidone-iodine (PVP-I), a widely used antiseptic, has shown broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties but antiviral studies against HFMD-causing enteroviruses are limited, especially for CV-A10 and CVA6. Our study demonstrated that a 1% PVP-I solution (final concentration of 0.5%) exhibited virucidal activity against EV-A71, CV-A16, CV-A10, and CV-A6. All seven EV-A71 isolates and five CV-A16 isolates showed a significant virus titer reduction after a 1-minute incubation, while five CV-A10 isolates and two CV-A6 isolates required a 5-minute incubation to achieve this. The virucidal activity was confirmed through the EN14476:2013+A2:2019 virucidal quantitative suspension test, wherein all four viruses were completely inactivated after a 30-minute incubation with PVP-I at 37°C under both clean and dirty conditions. Western blot analysis suggested that PVP-I could affect the VP1 structural proteins of EV-A71. Our results suggest that PVP-I could serve as a potential virucidal agent to reduce the risk of person-to-person transmission of HFMD.

Matched MeSH terms: Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease/prevention & control; Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease/virology
Recombinant human enterovirus 71 in hand, foot and mouth disease patients

Chan YF, AbuBaker S

Emerg Infect Dis, 2004 Aug;10(8):1468-70.
PMID: 15496251

Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is a common illness of infants and young children <10 years of age. It is characterized by fever, ulcers in the oral cavity, and rashes with blisters that appear on the palm and sole. The most common causal agents of HFMD are coxsackievirus A16 (CV-A16) and human enterovirus 71 (HEV71), but other enteroviruses, including CV-A5 and CV-A10, can also cause it. When caused by CV-A16 infection, it is usually a mild disease, and patients normally recover without requiring any special medical attention.

Matched MeSH terms: Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease/epidemiology; Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease/virology*
[Hand, foot and mouth disease--more than a harmless "childhood disease"]

Stock I

Med Monatsschr Pharm, 2014 Jan;37(1):4-10; quiz 11-2.
PMID: 24490433

Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is a highly contagious, world-wide distributed viral illness that affects predominantly children. It is caused by several enteroviruses, such as coxsackieviruses A6, A10, A16 and enterovirus 71. In most cases, HFMD follows a benign and self-limiting course. After an incubation period of 3 to 10 days, fever and sore throat, the first symptoms of the disease, appear. A few days later, maculopapular or vesicular eruptions form on the palms and soles as well as in the oral cavity. Since the year 2000, several large HFMD outbreaks have been reported in many Asian regions such as China, Malaysia and Vietnam. In some of these outbreaks, high incidences of severe progressive HFMD forms with some fatalities were observed. Such diseases have been caused primarily by enterovirus 71 strains and were characterized frequently by sudden onset of fever, encephalitis/meningitis and severe respiratory symptoms such as pulmonary edema. Further severe neurological and cardiac complications have also been observed during these outbreaks. Recently, some HFMD outbreaks caused by the coxsackievirus A6 have been reported in several parts of the world. These illnesses also affected adults and were characterized by more severe symptoms of "classical" HFMD. In addition, outbreaks of coxsackievirus-A6-associated HFMD in many countries were associated with onychomadesis, with the loss of nails occurring up to two months after initial symptoms. Treatment of "classical" HFMD is usually symptomatic, a generally recommended antiviral therapy does not exist. In severe HFMD cases, suitable treatment also encompasses mechanical ventilation, as well as the additional application of antiviral agents such as ribavirin. In the last years, several novel agents with good in vitro and in vivo activity against enteroviruses have been developed. A vaccine against HFMD is not yet available.

Matched MeSH terms: Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease/diagnosis; Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease/drug therapy*; Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease/epidemiology; Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease/virology
Molecular characterization of serotype A foot-and-mouth disease viruses circulating in Vietnam in 2009

Le VP, Nguyen T, Lee KN, Ko YJ, Lee HS, Nguyen VC, et al.

Vet Microbiol, 2010 Jul 29;144(1-2):58-66.
PMID: 20097490 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2009.12.033

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a major cause of endemic outbreaks in Vietnam in recent years. In this work, six serotype A foot-and-mouth disease viruses (FMDV), collected from endemic outbreaks during January and February of 2009 in four different provinces in Vietnam, were genetically characterized for their complete genome sequences. Genetic analysis based on the complete viral genome sequence indicated that they were closely related to each other and shared 99.0-99.8% amino acid (aa) identity. Genetic and deduced aa analysis of the capsid coding gene VP1 showed that the six Vietnamese strains were all classified into the genotype IX from a total of 10 major genotypes worldwide, sharing 98.1-100% aa identity each other. They were most closely related to the type A strains recently isolated in Laos (A/LAO/36/2003, A/LAO/1/2006, A/LAO/6/2006, A/LAO/7/2006, and A/LAO/8/2006), Thailand (A/TAI/2/1997 and A/TAI/118/1987), and Malaysia (A/MAY/2/2002), sharing 88.3-95.5% nucleotide (nt) identities. In contrast, Vietnamese type A strains showed low nt identities with the two old type A FMDVs, isolated in 1960 in Thailand (a15thailand iso43) and in 1975 in the Philippines (aphilippines iso50), ranging from 77.3 to 80.9% nt identity. A multiple alignment based on the deduced amino acid sequences of the capsid VP1 coding gene of type A FMDV revealed three amino acid substitutions between Vietnamese strains and the strains of other Southeast Asian countries (Laos, Thailand, Malaysia, and the Philippines). Alanine was replaced by valine at residue 24, asparagine by arginine at residue 85, and serine by threonine at residue 196. Furthermore, type A FMDV strains recently isolated in Vietnam, Laos, Thailand, and Malaysia all have one amino acid deletion at residue 140 of the capsid VP1 protein compared with the two old type A FMDV strains from Thailand and the Philippines as well as most other type A representatives worldwide. This article is the first to report on the comprehensive genetic characterization of type A FMDV circulating in Vietnam.

Matched MeSH terms: Foot-and-Mouth Disease/genetics*; Foot-and-Mouth Disease/epidemiology; Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus/genetics*
Fulltext A Malaysia 97 monovalent foot-and-mouth disease vaccine (>6PD50/dose) protects pigs against challenge with a variant FMDV A SEA-97 lineage virus, 4 and 7 days post vaccination

Nagendrakumar SB, Hong NT, Geoffrey FT, Jacqueline MM, Andrew D, Michelle G, et al.

Vaccine, 2015 Aug 26;33(36):4513-9.
PMID: 26192355 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.07.014

Pigs play a significant role during outbreaks of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) due to their ability to amplify the virus. It is therefore essential to determine what role vaccination could play to prevent clinical disease and lower virus excretion into the environment. In this study we investigated the efficacy of the double oil emulsion A Malaysia 97 vaccine (>6PD50/dose) against heterologous challenge with an isolate belonging to the A SEA-97 lineage at 4 and 7 days post vaccination (dpv). In addition, we determined whether physical separation of pigs in the same room could prevent virus transmission. Statistically there was no difference in the level of protection offered by 4 and 7 dpv. However, no clinical disease or viral RNA was detected in the blood of pigs challenged 4 dpv, although three of the pigs had antibodies to the non-structural proteins (NSPs), indicating viral replication. Viral RNA was also detected in nasal and saliva swabs, but on very few occasions. Two of the pigs vaccinated seven days prior to challenge had vesicles distal from the injection site, but on the inoculated foot, and two pigs had viral RNA detected in the blood. One pig sero-converted to the NSPs. In contrast, all unvaccinated and inoculated pigs had evidence of infection. No infection occurred in any of the susceptible pigs in the same room, but separated from the infected pigs, indicating that strict biosecurity measures were sufficient under these experimental conditions to prevent virus transmission. However, viral RNA was detected in the nasal swabs of one group of pigs, but apparently not at sufficient levels to cause clinical disease. Vaccination led to a significant decrease in viral RNA in vaccinated pigs compared to unvaccinated and infected pigs, even with this heterologous challenge, and could therefore be considered as a control option during outbreaks.

Matched MeSH terms: Foot-and-Mouth Disease/prevention & control*; Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus/immunology*; Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus/isolation & purification
Risk factors for lower extremity amputation among patients with diabetes in Singapore

Yang Y, Østbye T, Tan SB, Abdul Salam ZH, Ong BC, Yang KS

J Diabetes Complications, 2011 Nov-Dec;25(6):382-6.
PMID: 21983153 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2011.08.002

BACKGROUND:
Among other risk factors, renal disease and ethnicity have been associated with diabetic lower extremity amputation (LEA) in Western populations. However, little is known about risk factors for LEA among Asian patients.

OBJECTIVE:
The objective was to assess the proportion of hospitalized patients with diabetes who have a LEA among all hospital patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and to investigate risk factors for diabetic LEA (especially renal disease and ethnicity) using hospital discharge database.

METHOD:
A retrospective study of hospital discharge database (2004-2009) was performed to identify patients with DM, LEA and renal disease using the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Ninth Revision, Australian Modification codes.

RESULTS:
Of 44 917 hospitalized patients with DM during the 6 years, 7312 (16.3%) patients had renal disease, and 1457 (3.2%) patients had LEA. DM patients with renal disease had significant higher rates of LEA (7.1%) compared to DM patients without renal disease (2.5%, P < .001). The differences were present for foot (2.7% vs. 1.2%), ankle or leg (2.8% vs. 0.9%), and knee or above amputation (1.6% vs. 0.4%, all P

Matched MeSH terms: Diabetic Foot/complications; Diabetic Foot/ethnology; Diabetic Foot/epidemiology; Diabetic Foot/surgery
Display of the VP1 epitope of foot-and-mouth disease virus on bacteriophage T7 and its application in diagnosis

Wong CL, Sieo CC, Tan WS

J Virol Methods, 2013 Nov;193(2):611-9.
PMID: 23933075 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2013.07.053

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious epidemic disease threatening the cattle industry since the sixteenth century. In recent years, the development of diagnostic assays for FMD has benefited considerably from the advances of recombinant DNA technology. In this study, the immunodominant region of the capsid protein VP1 of the foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) was fused to the T7 bacteriophage and expressed on the surface of the bacteriophage capsid protein. The recombinant protein of about 42 kDa was detected by the anti-T7 tag monoclonal antibody in Western blot analysis. Phage ELISA showed that both the vaccinated and positive infected bovine sera reacted significantly with the recombinant T7 particle. This study demonstrated the potential of the T7 phage displaying the VP1 epitope as a diagnostic reagent.

Matched MeSH terms: Foot-and-Mouth Disease/diagnosis*; Foot-and-Mouth Disease/virology; Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus/genetics*

Filters

Please provide feedback to Administrator ([email protected])

External Links