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Comparative analysis of metabolites and antioxidant potentials from different plant parts of curcuma aeruginosa roxb.

Sanimah Simoh, Sew YS, Fazri Abd Rahim, Muhammad Aizuddin Ahmad, Alizah Zainal

Sains Malaysiana, 2018;47:3031-3041.

A comparative analysis of metabolites from different parts of Curcuma aeruginosa, i.e. leaves, stems, adventitious
roots and rhizomes was performed by GC-MS/MS coupled with multivariate statistical analysis. The GC-MS/MS analysis
confirmed the occurrence of 26 metabolites belonged to terpenoids in almost all the samples. The Principal Component
Analysis (PCA) indicated that there was a clear distinction between rhizomes and other plant parts, i.e. stems, leaves,
and adventitious roots that could be explained by relatively higher contents of terpenoids including curzerene, alphafarnesen, furanocoumarin, velleral, germacrone cineole, borneol, beta- and gamma- elemene and methenolone. The
results of Hierarchical Clustering Analyses (HCA) corresponded with the PCA results where many terpenoids found
abundantly high in rhizome were clustered together. This was supported by the Pearson correlation analysis that
showed a significantly good relationship between those terpenoids. The adventitious roots demonstrated the strongest
antioxidant activity as compared to the other plant parts which could be attributed to its highest Total Phenolic
Contents (TPC). Total phenolic contents of all the plant parts were positively correlated with their antioxidant activities
which indicate that phenolic compounds may play a role in the overall antioxidant activities of the plants. The results
of the study highlighted the potential of this underexploited Curcuma species which could serve as a new source of
important phytochemicals and natural antioxidant that could be incorporated in functional foods and nutraceuticals.
In addition, chemical and biological evidence shown in the present work has rationalised the different uses of various
plant parts of C. aeruginosa.

Matched MeSH terms: Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Captan utilization by a soil bacterium planomicrobium flavidum strain EF

Eman Mohamed, Fatma Ahmad Mostafa

Sains Malaysiana, 2018;47:85-89.

The fungicide captan, which is commonly used to control fungal diseases in many plants, causes soil infertility and cancer to human beings. Hence, this fungicide was tested for utilization as a sole carbon source by a newly soil isolate, Planomicrobium flavidum strain EF. This bacterium resists captan up to 2000 ppm and showed higher growth patterns in minimum salt medium supplemented with captan only, if compared with minimum salt medium without captan. Moreover, almost 77.5% of captan has been utilized by Planomicrobiu flavidum after only 2 h of growth under shaking conditions and only 0.8% of the fungicide was remained after 24 h of bacterial growth. Captan residues in both soil samples and minimal salt medium were accurately estimated using GC-ECD (gas chromatography - electron detector) and GC-MS/MS (gas chromatography - mass spectrum) technologies. According to current results, Planomicrobium flavidum strain EF is highly recommended for captan and may be other fungicides bioremediation.

Matched MeSH terms: Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Fulltext Preparation, Optimisation, and In Vitro Evaluation of [18F]AlF-NOTA-Pamidronic Acid for Bone Imaging PET

Hassan H, Othman MF, Abdul Razak HR, Zakaria ZA, Ahmad Saad FF, Osman MA, et al.

Molecules, 2022 Nov 17;27(22).
PMID: 36432069 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227969

[18F]sodium fluoride ([18F]NaF) is recognised to be superior to [99mTc]-methyl diphosphate ([99mTc]Tc-MDP) and 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose ([18F]FDG) in bone imaging. However, there is concern that [18F]NaF uptake is not cancer-specific, leading to a higher number of false-positive interpretations. Therefore, in this work, [18F]AlF-NOTA-pamidronic acid was prepared, optimised, and tested for its in vitro uptake. NOTA-pamidronic acid was prepared by an N-Hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) ester strategy and validated by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis (LC-MS/MS). Radiolabeling of [18F]AlF-NOTA-pamidronic acid was optimised, and it was ensured that all quality control analysis requirements for the radiopharmaceuticals were met prior to the in vitro cell uptake studies. NOTA-pamidronic acid was successfully prepared and radiolabeled with 18F. The radiolabel was prepared in a 1:1 molar ratio of aluminium chloride (AlCl3) to NOTA-pamidronic acid and heated at 100 °C for 15 min in the presence of 50% ethanol (v/v), which proved to be optimal. The preliminary in vitro results of the binding of the hydroxyapatite showed that [18F]AlF-NOTA-pamidronic acid was as sensitive as [18F]sodium fluoride ([18F]NaF). Normal human osteoblast cell lines (hFOB 1.19) and human osteosarcoma cell lines (Saos-2) were used for the in vitro cellular uptake studies. It was found that [18F]NaF was higher in both cell lines, but [18F]AlF-NOTA-pamidronic acid showed promising cellular uptake in Saos-2. The preliminary results suggest that further preclinical studies of [18F]AlF-NOTA-pamidronic acid are needed before it is transferred to clinical research.

Matched MeSH terms: Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Pharmaceuticals, hormones, plasticizers, and pesticides in drinking water

Wee SY, Ismail NAH, Haron DEM, Yusoff FM, Praveena SM, Aris AZ

J Hazard Mater, 2022 02 15;424(Pt A):127327.
PMID: 34600377 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127327

Humans are exposed to endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) in tap water via drinking water. Currently, most of the analytical methods used to assess a long list of EDCs in drinking water have been made available only for a single group of EDCs and their metabolites, in contrast with other environmental matrices (e.g., surface water, sediments, and biota) for which more robust methods have been developed that allow detection of multiple groups. This study reveals an analytical method of one-step solid phase extraction, incorporated together with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for the quantification of multiclass EDCs (i.e., pharmaceuticals, hormones, plasticizers, and pesticides) in drinking water. Fifteen multiclass EDCs significantly varied in amount between field samples (p

Matched MeSH terms: Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Evaluation of pharmacokinetics and blood-brain barrier permeability of mitragynine using in vivo microdialysis technique

Kong WM, Mohamed Z, Alshawsh MA, Chik Z

J Pharm Biomed Anal, 2017 Sep 05;143:43-47.
PMID: 28551311 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.05.020

A microdialysis system coupled with a sensitive ultra-fast liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UFLC-MS) method was developed for the pharmacokinetic analysis of mitragynine in rat blood and striatum. Mitragynine is an active alkaloid of Mitragyna speciosa and has been proposed to be used for opioid withdrawal therapy. In this study, chromatographic separation was performed in a gradient elution mode with 0.1% formic acid and acetonitrile on a Zorbax Eclipse C18 column. The mass spectrometric (MS) analysis was carried out in a positive electrospray mode and mitragynine ion (m/z 399.2) was monitored in extracted ion chromatography. A good linearity range was obtained from 10-1000ng/mL with acceptable accuracy and precision parameters. The microdialysate was collected simultaneously from the striatum and the right jugular vein using microdialysis probes. After a single intravenous administration of 10mg/kg mitragynine, mitragynine showed a two-compartmental drug elimination pattern with half-life (T1/2) of approximately 13h. The percent of AUCbrain/AUCplasma of mitragynine was calculated and shown to be 65.8±4.5%. The results indicated that mitragynine could be a suitable molecule to develop into an opioid replacement drug based on its ideal pharmacokinetic properties, namely, small molecular size, lipophilic in nature and with excellent blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability.

Matched MeSH terms: Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Fulltext Separation, Identification, and Bioactivities of the Main Gallotannins of Red Sword Bean (Canavalia gladiata) Coats

Gan RY, Kong KW, Li HB, Wu K, Ge YY, Chan CL, et al.

Front Chem, 2018;6:39.
PMID: 29541634 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00039

The red sword bean (Canavalia gladiata) is an underutilized edible bean cultivated in China. It was previously found to have the highest content of antioxidant polyphenols among 42 edible beans, mainly gallic acid, and gallotannins in its red bean coat, an apparently unique characteristic among edible beans. In this study, the main phenolic compounds in red sword bean coats were further separated by Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, and identified by LC-MS/MS. Furthermore, the FRAP and ABTS antioxidant activities and antibacterial activity (diameter of inhibition zone, DIZ) of main gallotannin-rich fractions were tested. Our results showed that gallotannins of red sword bean coats were mainly comprised of monogalloyl to hexagalloyl hexosides. Interestingly, tetragalloyl, pentagalloyl, and hexagalloyl hexosides were identified as the possible candidates responsible for the red color of the coats. On the other hand, gallotannin-rich fractions exhibited diverse antioxidant and antibacterial activities, and tetragalloyl hexoside overall had the highest free radical scavenging and antibacterial activities. The degree of galloylation did not completely explain the structure-function relationship of gallotannins isolated from red sword bean coats, as there should exist other factors affecting their bioactivities. In conclusion, red sword bean coats are excellent natural sources of gallotannins, and their gallotannin-rich extracts can be utilized as natural antioxidant and antibacterial agents with potential health benefits as well as application in food industry.

Matched MeSH terms: Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Correlation of chemical profiles obtained from 1 H-NMR and LC-MS metabolomics with α-glucosidase inhibition activity for varietal selections of Ficus deltoidea

Kasim N, Afzan A, Mediani A, Low KH, Ali AM, Mat N, et al.

Phytochem Anal, 2022 Dec;33(8):1235-1245.
PMID: 36192845 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3175

INTRODUCTION: Ficus deltoidea Jack (Moraceae) is a plant used in Malaysia to treat various ailments, including diabetes. The presence of several varieties raises essential questions regarding which is the potential bioactive variety and what are the bioactive metabolites.
OBJECTIVES: Here, we explored the phytochemical diversity of the seven varieties from Peninsular Malaysia using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) analyses and correlated it with the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity.
METHODOLOGY: The Nuclear Overhauser Effect Spectroscopy (NOESY) One-Dimensional (1D)-NMR and LC-MS data were processed, annotated, and correlated with in vitro α-glucosidase inhibitory using multivariate data analysis.
RESULTS: The α-glucosidase results demonstrated that different varieties have varying inhibitory effects, with the highest inhibition rate being F. deltoidea var. trengganuensis and var. kunstleri. Furthermore, diverse habitats and plant ages could also influence the inhibitory rate. The heat map from NMR and LC-MS profiles showed unique patterns according to varying levels of α-glucosidase inhibition rate. The Partial Least Squares (PLS) model constructed from both NMR and LC-MS further confirmed the correlation between the α-glucosidase inhibition rate of F. deltoidea varieties and its metabolite profiles. The Variable Influence on Projection (VIP) and correlation coefficient (p(corr)) values values were used to determine the highly relevant metabolites for explaining the anticipated inhibitory action.
CONCLUSION: NMR and LC-MS annotations allow the identification of flavan-3-ols and proanthocyanidins as the key bioactive factors. Our current results demonstrated the value of multivariate data analysis to predict the quality of herbal materials from both biological and chemical aspects.

Matched MeSH terms: Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry metabolomics studies on non-organic soybeans versus organic soybeans (Glycine max), and their fermentation by Rhizopus oligosporus

Chong SG, Ismail IS, Ahmad Azam A, Tan SJ, Shaari K, Tan JK

J Sci Food Agric, 2023 Apr;103(6):3146-3156.
PMID: 36426592 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12355

BACKGROUND: Soybeans (Glycine max) are high in proteins and isoflavones, which offer many health benefits. It has been suggested that the fermentation process enhances the nutrients in the soybeans. Organic foods are perceived as better than non-organic foods in terms of health benefits, yet little is known about the difference in the phytochemical content that distinguishes the quality of organic soybeans from non-organic soybeans. This study investigated the chemical profiles of non-organic (G, T, U, UB) and organic (C, COF, A, R, B, Z) soybeans (G. max [L.] Merr.) and their metabolite changes after fermentation with Rhizopus oligosporus.
RESULTS: A clear separation was only observed between non-organic G and organic Z, which were then selected for further investigation in the fermentation of soybeans (GF and ZF). All four groups (G, Z, GF, ZF) were analyzed using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy along with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). In this way a total of 41 and 47 metabolites were identified respectively, with 12 in common. A clear variation (|log1.5 FC| > 2 and P

Matched MeSH terms: Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Fulltext Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis in determining the saliva protein of orthodontic patients during retention phase

Awang-Kechik NH, Ahmad R, Doustjalali SR, Sabet NS, Abd-Rahman AN

J Clin Exp Dent, 2019 Mar;11(3):e269-e274.
PMID: 31001398 DOI: 10.4317/jced.55546

Background: The biological responses involved during retention phase have been studied for many years but little is known about the effect of saliva proteome during retention phase of post-orthodontic treatment. This study aims to identify the protein profiles during retention phase in relation to biological processes involved by Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) approach.
Material and Methods: A total of 5 ml of unstimulated saliva was collected from each subject (10 non-orthodontic patients and 15 post-orthodontic patients with 6-months retention phase). Samples were then subjected to LC-MS analysis. The expressed proteins were identified and compared between groups. Incisor irregularity for both maxilla and mandible were determined with Little's Irregularity Index at 6-months retention phase.
Results: 146 proteins and 135 proteins were expressed in control and 6-months retention phase group respectively. 15 proteins were identified to be co-expressed between groups. Immune system process was only detected in 6-months retention phase group. Detected protein in immune system process was identified as Tyrosine-protein kinase Tec. Statistical significant of incisor irregularity was only found in mandible at 6-months retention phase.
Conclusions: Our study suggests that immune system process protein which is Tyrosine-protein kinase Tec could be used as biomarker for prediction of stability during retention phase of post-orthodontic treatment. Key words:Orthodontics, proteomics, retention, LC-MS, saliva.

Matched MeSH terms: Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Fulltext Ethanolic Extract of Polygonum minus Protects Differentiated Human Neuroblastoma Cells (SH-SY5Y) against H2O2-Induced Oxidative Stress

Sayuti NH, Zulkefli N, Tan JK, Saad N, Baharum SN, Hamezah HS, et al.

Molecules, 2023 Sep 20;28(18).
PMID: 37764502 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28186726

Neuronal models are an important tool in neuroscientific research. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), a major risk factor of neuronal oxidative stress, initiates a cascade of neuronal cell death. Polygonum minus Huds, known as 'kesum', is widely used in traditional medicine. P. minus has been reported to exhibit a few medicinal and pharmacological properties. The current study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of P. minus ethanolic extract (PMEE) on H2O2-induced neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells. LC-MS/MS revealed the presence of 28 metabolites in PMEE. Our study showed that the PMEE provided neuroprotection against H2O2-induced oxidative stress by activating the Nrf2/ARE, NF-κB/IκB and MAPK signaling pathways in PMEE pre-treated differentiated SH-SY5Y cells. Meanwhile, the acetylcholine (ACH) level was increased in the oxidative stress-induced treatment group after 4 h of exposure with H2O2. Molecular docking results with acetylcholinesterase (AChE) depicted that quercitrin showed the highest docking score at -9.5 kcal/mol followed by aloe-emodin, afzelin, and citreorosein at -9.4, -9.3 and -9.0 kcal/mol, respectively, compared to the other PMEE's identified compounds, which show lower docking scores. The results indicate that PMEE has neuroprotective effects on SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells in vitro. In conclusion, PMEE may aid in reducing oxidative stress as a preventative therapy for neurodegenerative diseases.

Matched MeSH terms: Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Fulltext Quantitative proteomics analysis of permethrin and temephos-resistant Ae. aegypti revealed diverse differentially expressed proteins associated with insecticide resistance from Penang Island, Malaysia

Shettima A, Ishak IH, Lau B, Abu Hasan H, Miswan N, Othman N

PLoS Negl Trop Dis, 2023 Sep;17(9):e0011604.
PMID: 37721966 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011604

Synthetic insecticides are the primary vector control method used globally. However, the widespread use of insecticides is a major cause of insecticide-resistance in mosquitoes. Hence, this study aimed at elucidating permethrin and temephos-resistant protein expression profiles in Ae. aegypti using quantitative proteomics. In this study, we evaluated the susceptibility of Ae. aegypti from Penang Island dengue hotspot and non-hotspot against 0.75% permethrin and 31.25 mg/l temephos using WHO bioassay method. Protein extracts from the mosquitoes were then analysed using LC-ESI-MS/MS for protein identification and quantification via label-free quantitative proteomics (LFQ). Next, Perseus 1.6.14.0 statistical software was used to perform differential protein expression analysis using ANOVA and Student's t-test. The t-test selected proteins with≥2.0-fold change (FC) and ≥2 unique peptides for gene expression validation via qPCR. Finally, STRING software was used for functional ontology enrichment and protein-protein interactions (PPI). The WHO bioassay showed resistance with 28% and 53% mortalities in adult mosquitoes exposed to permethrin from the hotspot and non-hotspot areas. Meanwhile, the susceptibility of Ae. aegypti larvae revealed high resistance to temephos in hotspot and non-hotspot regions with 80% and 91% mortalities. The LFQ analyses revealed 501 and 557 (q-value <0.05) differentially expressed proteins in adults and larvae Ae. aegypti. The t-test showed 114 upregulated and 74 downregulated proteins in adult resistant versus laboratory strains exposed to permethrin. Meanwhile, 13 upregulated and 105 downregulated proteins were observed in larvae resistant versus laboratory strains exposed to temephos. The t-test revealed the upregulation of sodium/potassium-dependent ATPase β2 in adult permethrin resistant strain, H15 domain-containing protein, 60S ribosomal protein, and PB protein in larvae temephos resistant strain. The downregulation of troponin I, enolase phosphatase E1, glucosidase 2β was observed in adult permethrin resistant strain and tubulin β chain in larvae temephos resistant strain. Furthermore, the gene expression by qPCR revealed similar gene expression patterns in the above eight differentially expressed proteins. The PPI of differentially expressed proteins showed a p-value at <1.0 x 10-16 in permethrin and temephos resistant Ae. aegypti. Significantly enriched pathways in differentially expressed proteins revealed metabolic pathways, oxidative phosphorylation, carbon metabolism, biosynthesis of amino acids, glycolysis, and citrate cycle. In conclusion, this study has shown differentially expressed proteins and highlighted upregulated and downregulated proteins associated with insecticide resistance in Ae. aegypti. The validated differentially expressed proteins merit further investigation as a potential protein marker to monitor and predict insecticide resistance in field Ae. aegypti. The LC-MS/MS data were submitted into the MASSIVE database with identifier no: MSV000089259.

Matched MeSH terms: Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Immunosuppressive Effects of Annona muricata L. Leaf Extract on Cellular and Humoral Immune Responses in Male Wistar Rats

Abdul Wahab SM, Husain K, Jantan I, Arshad L, Haque MA, Mohd Fauzi N, et al.

Curr Pharm Biotechnol, 2023;24(11):1465-1477.
PMID: 36545731 DOI: 10.2174/1389201024666221221113020

BACKGROUND: Annona muricata L. (Annonaceae) (AM)'s remarkable anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activities make it a targeted plant to be explored for its immunomodulatory properties. Traditional practitioners have employed various components of AM to cure a variety of ailments, including cancer, diabetes, and inflammation.
OBJECTIVE: The present study evaluated the immunosuppressive effects of 80% ethanol extract of of AM leaves in male Wistar rats on different parameters of humoral and cellular immune responses.
METHODS: AM leaf extract (AMLE) was analyzed using UHPLC-MS/MS to profile its secondary metabolites. AMLE was rich in polyphenols which include (epi)catechin-(epi)catechin-(epi) catechin, caffeic acid, coumaroylquinic acid, hyperin, kaempferol, quinic acid and rutin. The rats were administered 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg bw of the extract daily for 14 days. The effects of AMLE on innate immune responses were determined by evaluating phagocytosis, neutrophils migration, reactive oxygen species (ROS) release, CD11b/CD18 integrin expression, and ceruloplasmin, lysozyme and myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels. The adaptive immune parameters were evaluated by immunizing the rats with sheep red blood cells (sRBC) on day 0 and administered orally with AMLE for 14 days.
RESULTS: AMLE established significant immunosuppressive effects on the innate immune parameters by inhibiting the neutrophil migration, ROS production, phagocytic activity and expression of CD11b/CD18 integrin in a dose-dependent pattern. AMLE also suppressed ceruloplasmin, MPO and lysozyme expressions in the rat plasma dose-dependently. AMLE dose-dependently inhibited T and B lymphocytes proliferation, Th1 and Th2 cytokine production, CD4+ and CD8+ co-expression in splenocytes, immunoglobulins (IgM and IgG) expression and the sRBC-induced swelling rate of rat paw in delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH).
CONCLUSION: The strong inhibitory effects on the different parameters of humoral and cellular responses indicate that AMLE has potential to be an important source of effective immunosuppressive agents.

Matched MeSH terms: Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Cluster of differentiation 147 (CD147) as potential membrane protein biomarker for bladder cancer cells

Roslan A, Said DS, Sulaiman N, Mohd Ghani KA, Nurdin A

J Pharm Biomed Anal, 2023 Nov 30;236:115729.
PMID: 37778199 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115729

Studies reveal that alterations in membrane protein (MP) patterns are associated with underlying drug resistance to chemotherapy. Therefore, the tryptic-digested MPs from the bladder cancer cell line were subjected to global proteomics using LC-MS/MS to identify the highly expressed potential MPs in bladder cancer cells. Our findings revealed the identification of MP biomarkers, CD147, and caveolin-1. Immunocytochemistry analysis confirmed the presence of CD147 on the cell membrane, while caveolin-1 showed positive signals without apparent staining on the membrane, suggesting its existence in multiple locations. Western blot analysis confirmed the higher expression of CD147 in non-invasive (RT 112) and metastatic (UM-UC-13) bladder cancer cells compared to invasive bladder cancer cells (5637 and J82), suggesting its potential as an MP biomarker for both of the former subtypes. The identified MPs could be used as drug therapy targets aimed at improving drug sensitivity and enhancing treatment outcomes in bladder cancer patients. SIGNIFICANCE: Identification of the membrane proteins associated with bladder cancer recurrence is crucial to understanding the mechanisms underlying the drug resistance to chemotherapy.

Matched MeSH terms: Tandem Mass Spectrometry
The anti-allergic potential of stingless bee honey from different botanical sources via modulation of mast cell degranulation

Yong PYA, Yip AJW, Islam F, Hong HJ, Teh YE, Tham CL, et al.

BMC Complement Med Ther, 2023 Sep 04;23(1):307.
PMID: 37667314 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-04129-y

BACKGROUND: Allergy is an inflammatory disorder affecting around 20% of the global population. The adverse effects of current conventional treatments give rise to the increased popularity of using natural food products as complementary and alternative medicine against allergic diseases. Stingless bee honey, commonly known as Kelulut honey (KH) in Malaysia, has been used locally as a traditional remedy to relieve cough and asthma. This study evaluated the anti-allergic potential of KH collected from four different botanical sources on phorbol ester 12-myristate-3-acetate and calcium ionophore-activated human mast cells.
METHODS: The present study examined the inhibitory effects of all collected honey on the release of selected inflammatory mediators, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-4, IL-6, IL-8, histamine, and β-hexosaminidase in an activated HMC. Besides that, all honey's total phenolic content (TPC) was also examined, followed by using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to identify the phytochemicals in the honey. Further examination of the identified phytochemicals on their potential interaction with selected signaling molecules in an activated mast cell was conducted using computational methods.
RESULTS: The results indicated that there were significant inhibitory effects on all selected inflammatory mediators' release by KH sourced from bamboo (BH) and rubber tree (RH) at 0.5% and 1%, but not KH sourced from mango (AH) and noni (EH). BH and RH were found to have higher TPC values and were rich in their phytochemical profiles based on the LC-MS/MS results. Computational studies were employed to determine the possible molecular target of KH through molecular docking using HADDOCK and PRODIGY web servers.
CONCLUSIONS: In short, the results indicated that KH possesses anti-allergic effects towards an activated HMC, possibly by targeting downstream MAPKs. However, their anti-allergic effects may vary according to their botanical sources. Nevertheless, the present study has provided insight into the potential application of stingless bee honey as a complementary and alternative medicine to treat various allergic diseases.

Matched MeSH terms: Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Antidepressant evaluation of Andrographis paniculata Nees extract and andrographolide in chronic unpredictable stress zebrafish model

Aldurrah Z, Mohd Kauli FS, Abdul Rahim N, Zainal Z, Afzan A, Al Zarzour RH, et al.

Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol, 2023 Sep;271:109678.
PMID: 37301417 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2023.109678

Andrographis paniculata (A. paniculata) showed an anti-depressive effect in rodent models. Zebrafish has recently emerged as a worthy complementary translational model for antidepressant drug discovery study. This study investigates the anti-depressive effect of A. paniculata extract and andrographolide in the chronic unpredictable stress (CUS)- zebrafish model. Four groups of zebrafish (n = 10/group), i.e. control, CUS (stressed, untreated), CUS + A. paniculata (100 mg/L) and CUS + fluoxetine (0.01 mg/L) were assessed in open-field and social interaction tests, 24 h after treatment. After extract screening, behavioural and cortisol analysis of andrographolide (5, 25 and 50 mg/kg, i.p.) and fluoxetine (10 mg/kg, i.p.) were evaluated. Before the behavioural study, acute toxicity and characterization of A. paniculata extract using UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS were performed. A significant reduction in freezing duration was found in A. paniculata- (t-test, p = 0.0234) and fluoxetine-treated groups (t-test, p

Matched MeSH terms: Tandem Mass Spectrometry
An integrative GC-MS and LC-MS metabolomics platform determination of the metabolite profile of Bombax ceiba L. root, and in silico & in vitro evaluation of its antibacterial & antidiabetic activities

Alrabie A, Alrabie NA, AlSaeedy M, Al-Adhreai A, Al-Qadsy I, Al-Horaibi SA, et al.

Nat Prod Res, 2023 Jul;37(13):2263-2268.
PMID: 36441059 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2149519

The Bombax ceiba L. tree is a member of the family Bombacaceae and the genus Bombax. Both Chinese and Indian traditional medicine have made extensive use of it in the treatment of sickness. Its chemical composition is still a mystery. B. ceiba roots methanol extract (BCRME) was analyzed by different chromatographic analytical techniques in order to identify its major chemical constituents. Twelve compounds and six compounds were identified from GC-MS and LC-MS analysis, respectively. This is the first report on the presence of lathodoratin, cedrene, 4H-1-benzopyran-4-one,8-[{dimethylamino} methyl]-7-methoxy-3-methyl-2-phenyl, asiatic acid, and (E)-2,4,4'-trihydroxylchalcone in B. ceiba roots. Methanol extract demonstrated noteworthy antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (MTCC96) (MIC: 100 µg/mL) compare to antibiotic ampicillin (MIC: 250 µg/mL) as well as the highest α-amylase inhibition (IC50=26.91 µg/mL) and α-glucosidase inhibition (IC50=21.21 µg/mL) effects, molecular docking study confirmed these findings, with some compounds having a very high docking score.

Matched MeSH terms: Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Fulltext Brain proteomics links oxidative stress with metabolic and cellular stress response proteins in behavioural alteration of Alzheimer's disease model rats

Rahman MA, Hossain S, Abdullah N, Aminudin N

AIMS Neurosci, 2019;6(4):299-315.
PMID: 32341985 DOI: 10.3934/Neuroscience.2019.4.299

Alzheimer's disease (AD) impairs memory and learning related behavioural performances of the affected person. Compared with the controls, memory and learning related behavioural performances of the AD model rats followed by hippocampal proteomics had been observed in the present study. In the eight armed radial maze, altered performance of the AD rats had been observed. Using liquid chromatography coupled tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), 822 proteins had been identified with protein threshold at 95.0%, minimum peptide of 2 and peptide threshold at 0.1% FDR. Among them, 329 proteins were differentially expressed with statistical significance (P < 0.05). Among the significantly regulated (P < 0.05) 329 proteins, 289 met the criteria of fold change (LogFC of 1.5) cut off value. Number of proteins linked with AD, oxidative stress (OS) and hypercholesterolemia was 59, 20 and 12, respectively. Number of commonly expressed proteins was 361. The highest amount of proteins differentially expressed in the AD rats were those involved in metabolic processes followed by those linked with OS. Most notable was the perturbed state of the cholesterol metabolizing proteins in the AD group. Current findings suggest that proteins associated with oxidative stress, glucose and cholesterol metabolism and cellular stress response are among the mostly affected proteins in AD subjects. Thus, novel therapeutic approaches targeting these proteins could be strategized to withstand the ever increasing global AD burden.

Matched MeSH terms: Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Label-free Quantitative Proteomic Analysis of Ascorbic Acid-induced Differentially Expressed Osteoblast-related Proteins in Dental Pulp Stem Cells from Deciduous and Permanent Teeth

Zainol Abidin IZ, Manogaran T, Abdul Wahab RM, Karsani SA, Yazid MD, Yazid F, et al.

Curr Stem Cell Res Ther, 2023;18(3):417-428.
PMID: 35762553 DOI: 10.2174/1574888X17666220627145424

BACKGROUND: Proteomic is capable of elucidating complex biological systems through protein expression, function, and interaction under a particular condition.
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the potential of ascorbic acid alone in inducing differentially expressed osteoblast-related proteins in dental stem cells via the liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/ mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) approach.
METHODS: The cells were isolated from deciduous (SHED) and permanent teeth (DPSC) and induced with 10 μg/mL of ascorbic acid. Bone mineralisation and osteoblast gene expression were determined using von Kossa staining and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. The label-free protein samples were harvested on days 7 and 21, followed by protein identification and quantification using LC-MS/MS. Based on the similar protein expressed throughout treatment and controls for SHED and DPSC, overall biological processes followed by osteoblast-related protein abundance were determined using the PANTHER database. STRING database was performed to determine differentially expressed proteins as candidates for SHED and DPSC during osteoblast development.
RESULTS: Both cells indicated brownish mineral stain and expression of osteoblast-related genes on day 21. Overall, a total of 700 proteins were similar among all treatments on days 7 and 21, with 482 proteins appearing in the PANTHER database. Osteoblast-related protein abundance indicated 31 and 14 proteins related to SHED and DPSC, respectively. Further analysis by the STRING database identified only 22 and 11 proteins from the respective group. Differential expressed analysis of similar proteins from these two groups revealed ACTN4 and ACTN1 as proteins involved in both SHED and DPSC. In addition, three (PSMD11/RPN11, PLS3, and CLIC1) and one (SYNCRIP) protein were differentially expressed specifically for SHED and DPSC, respectively.
CONCLUSION: Proteome differential expression showed that ascorbic acid alone could induce osteoblastrelated proteins in SHED and DPSC and generate specific differentially expressed protein markers.

Matched MeSH terms: Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Fulltext Protein Profiling of Aedes aegypti Treated with Streptomyces sp. KSF103 Ethyl Acetate Extract Reveals Potential Insecticidal Targets and Metabolic Pathways

Tan KS, Azman AS, Hassandarvish P, Amelia-Yap ZH, Tan TK, Low VL

Int J Mol Sci, 2023 Aug 03;24(15).
PMID: 37569772 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512398

The insecticidal activity of Streptomyces sp. KSF103 ethyl acetate (EA) extract against mosquitoes is known; however, the underlying mechanism behind this activity remains elusive. In this study, liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was employed to investigate changes in the protein profile of Aedes aegypti larvae and adults treated with lethal concentrations of 50 (LC50) EA extract. By comparing the treated and untreated mosquitoes, this study aimed to identify proteins or pathways that exhibit alterations, potentially serving as targets for future insecticide development. Treatment with a lethal concentration of EA extract upregulated 15 proteins in larvae, while in adults, 16 proteins were upregulated, and two proteins were downregulated. These proteins were associated with metabolism, protein regulation/degradation, energy production, cellular organization and structure, enzyme activity, and catalysis, as well as calcium ion transport and homeostasis. Notably, ATP synthase, fructose-bisphosphate aldolase (FBA), and ATP citrate synthase were significantly expressed in both groups. Gene ontology analysis indicated a focus on energy metabolic processes. Molecular docking revealed a strong interaction between dodemorph, selagine (compounds from the EA extract), and FBA, suggesting FBA as a potential protein target for insecticide development. Further studies such as Western blot and transcriptomic analyses are warranted to validate the findings.

Matched MeSH terms: Tandem Mass Spectrometry
In-vitro anti-inflammatory activity, free radical (DPPH) scavenging, and ferric reducing ability (FRAP) of Sargassum cristaefolium lipid-soluble fraction and putative identification of bioactive compounds using UHPLC-ESI-ORBITRAP-MS/MS

Saraswati, Giriwono PE, Iskandriati D, Tan CP, Andarwulan N

Food Res Int, 2020 Nov;137:109702.
PMID: 33233276 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109702

Sargassum brown seaweed is well-known to contain several bioactive compounds which exhibit various biological activities, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity. Lipophilic extracts and fractions of Sargassum were reported to possess promising anti-inflammatory activity. This study, therefore, aims to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity of Sargassum cristaefolium crude lipid extract and its fractions. The brown seaweed was obtained from Awur Bay, Jepara - Indonesia. Crude lipid fractionation was performed using normal phase column chromatography, and three different fractions (dichloromethane, acetone, methanol) were produced. The results showed that treatment of acetone fraction exerted strongest nitric oxide inhibition in lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW 264.7 cells, both in pre-incubated and co-incubated cell culture models. This outcome was in accordance with its 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). Metabolite profiling of lipid fractions was performed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization orbitrap tandem mass spectrometry, while the orthogonal projection to latent structures analysis was conducted to determine some features with significant correlation to the bioactivity. There were 14 feature candidates considered from both positive and negative ionization mode datasets. Seven out of them were putatively identified as pheophytin a (1), all-trans fucoxanthin (2), 132-hydroxy-pheophytin a (3), pheophorbide a (4), 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-3-O-β-D-galactosyl-sn-glycerol (6), 1-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z-eicosapentaenoyl)-2-(9Z,12Z,15Z-octadecatrienoyl)-3-O-β-D-galactosyl-sn-glycerol (10), and 1-(9Z,12Z,15Z-octadecatrienoyl)-2-(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z-octadecatetraenoyl)-3-O-β-D-galactosyl-sn glycerol (12).

Matched MeSH terms: Tandem Mass Spectrometry

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