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Fulltext Pulmonary haemorrhage associated with severe leptospirosis – the role of low dose intravenous methylprednisolone

Thiam Seong Christopher Lim, Tan Yi Jun, Then Ru Fah

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2018;14(1):69-72.
MyJurnal

Leptospirosis has a wide range of presentation which ranges from mild flu-like symptoms, to severe form including renal failure, liver failure, and hemorrhage. Pulmonary involvement can progress from subtle clinical features to life threatening pulmonary hemorrhage and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Although benefits of corticosteroids in adult respiratory distress syndrome have been proven and accepted, evidence for use of corticosteroids in pulmonary leptospirosis is still limited. Given the vasculitic nature of severe leptospirosis, it has been proposed that addition of intravenous corticosteroid therapy, particularly in cases of pulmonary involvement is beneficial. We report a case of leptospirosis with suspected pulmonary hemorrhage which deteriorates after a few days of admission in our tertiary hospital. We have demonstrated that the prescription of a lower dose of corticosteroid than what was widely reported in the literature can equally led to a satisfactory recovery of the pulmonary hemorrhage.

Matched MeSH terms: Lung Diseases
Fulltext Bronchopulmonary lophomoniasis: A rare cause of pneumonia in an immunosuppressed host

Wahid W, Ahmad Fahmi NA, Mohd Salleh AF, Mohd Yasin '

Respir Med Case Rep, 2019;28:100939.
PMID: 31667075 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmcr.2019.100939

Bronchopulmonary lophomoniasis is rare but immunocompromised individual is susceptible to this infection. We reported a case of bronchopulmonary lophomoniasis in a Malaysian female with systemic lupus erythromatosus. She presented with productive cough, shortness of breath and high-grade fever for 2 weeks. Physical examination revealed bronchial sound and crackles over the left lung with, reduced expansion and dull percussion in lower left lobe. Chest radiography showed consolidation of the left lung. Routine laboratory tests revealed general low cell count. Blood and sputum culture were negative. Bronchoalveolar lavage stain and culture for bacterial and fungal were negative. Bronchoalveolar lavage for Lophomonas blattarum was positive. Patient was treated with antiprotozoal drug, metronidazole. All her clinical problems resolved and she was discharged 14 days after admission.

Matched MeSH terms: Lung Diseases
The potential of siRNA based drug delivery in respiratory disorders: Recent advances and progress

Dua K, Wadhwa R, Singhvi G, Rapalli V, Shukla SD, Shastri MD, et al.

Drug Dev Res, 2019 09;80(6):714-730.
PMID: 31691339 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21571

Lung diseases are the leading cause of mortality worldwide. The currently available therapies are not sufficient, leading to the urgent need for new therapies with sustained anti-inflammatory effects. Small/short or silencing interfering RNA (siRNA) has potential therapeutic implications through post-transcriptional downregulation of the target gene expression. siRNA is essential in gene regulation, so is more favorable over other gene therapies due to its small size, high specificity, potency, and no or low immune response. In chronic respiratory diseases, local and targeted delivery of siRNA is achieved via inhalation. The effectual delivery can be attained by the generation of aerosols via inhalers and nebulizers, which overcomes anatomical barriers, alveolar macrophage clearance and mucociliary clearance. In this review, we discuss the different siRNA nanocarrier systems for chronic respiratory diseases, for safe and effective delivery. siRNA mediated pro-inflammatory gene or miRNA targeting approach can be a useful approach in combating chronic respiratory inflammatory conditions and thus providing sustained drug delivery, reduced therapeutic dose, and improved patient compliance. This review will be of high relevance to the formulation, biological and translational scientists working in the area of respiratory diseases.

Matched MeSH terms: Lung Diseases
Pocket-sized Heimlich valve (Pneumostat) after bullae resection: a 5-year review

Abdul Rahman MR, Min Joanna OS, Fikri AM, Adeeb SM, Zamrin DM

Ann Thorac Surg, 2009 Sep;88(3):979-81.
PMID: 19699932 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2009.03.065

This study was conducted to evaluate the practicability, effectiveness, and potential complications of a newly improvised pocket-sized Heimlich valve named the Pneumostat (Atrium Medical Corp, Hudson, NH).

Matched MeSH terms: Lung Diseases/surgery*
Enterobiasis: a histopathological study of 259 patients

Sinniah B, Leopairut J, Neafie RC, Connor DH, Voge M

Ann Trop Med Parasitol, 1991 Dec;85(6):625-35.
PMID: 1811440

Enterobius worms or their eggs, or both, are present in preserved tissue sections or tissue specimens of 259 patients whose medical records are on file at the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Washington D.C., U.S.A. The most common site of infection (86.5%) was found to be the lumen of the appendix, where the worms provoke no reaction. Of the 259 patients 11 (4.2%) had worms and/or eggs in granulomas of the abdominal and pelvic peritoneum, and an equal number had granulomas on the peritoneum of the salphinx or on the surface of the ovary. There were also ectopic worms and/or eggs in granulomas on the peritoneum of the small and large intestines (2.7%). These Enterobius granulomas form around degenerating adult worms, around discrete eggs, around clusters of eggs, and, we believe, also around the tracks of migrating worms. Three patients (1.2%) had worms in perianal abscesses. A necrotic granuloma, removed from the lung of one patient, surrounded a degenerating adult worm. This suggests that the worm, carried to the lung as an embolus, impacted in a pulmonary arteriole. A stool specimen of one patient contains eggs of Enterobius, and that of another patient contains an adult Enterobius. This is the largest recorded histopathological study of enterobiasis in man.

Matched MeSH terms: Lung Diseases, Parasitic/pathology*
Nitric oxide, human diseases and the herbal products that affect the nitric oxide signalling pathway

Achike FI, Kwan CY

Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol, 2003 Sep;30(9):605-15.
PMID: 12940876

1. Nitric oxide (NO) is formed enzymatically from l-arginine in the presence of nitric oxide synthase (NOS). Nitric oxide is generated constitutively in endothelial cells via sheer stress and blood-borne substances. Nitric oxide is also generated constitutively in neuronal cells and serves as a neurotransmitter and neuromodulator in non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic nerve endings. Furthermore, NO can also be formed via enzyme induction in many tissues in the presence of cytokines. 2. The ubiquitous presence of NO in the living body suggests that NO plays an important role in the maintenance of health. Being a free radical with vasodilatory properties, NO exerts dual effects on tissues and cells in various biological systems. At low concentrations, NO can dilate the blood vessels and improve the circulation, but at high concentrations it can cause circulatory shock and induce cell death. Thus, diseases can arise in the presence of the extreme ends of the physiological concentrations of NO. 3. The NO signalling pathway has, in recent years, become a target for new drug development. The high level of flavonoids, catechins, tannins and other polyphenolic compounds present in vegetables, fruits, soy, tea and even red wine (from grapes) is believed to contribute to their beneficial health effects. Some of these compounds induce NO formation from the endothelial cells to improve circulation and some suppress the induction of inducible NOS in inflammation and infection. 4. Many botanical medicinal herbs and drugs derived from these herbs have been shown to have effects on the NO signalling pathway. For example, the saponins from ginseng, ginsenosides, have been shown to relax blood vessels (probably contributing to the antifatigue and blood pressure-lowering effects of ginseng) and corpus cavernosum (thus, for the treatment of men suffering from erectile dysfunction; however, the legendary aphrodisiac effect of ginseng may be an overstatement). Many plant extracts or purified drugs derived from Chinese medicinal herbs with proposed actions on NO pathways are also reviewed.

Matched MeSH terms: Lung Diseases/metabolism
Fulltext Cryobiopsy in the diagnosis of bronchiolitis: a retrospective analysis of twenty-three consecutive patients

Sirol Aflah Syazatul S, Piciucchi S, Tomassetti S, Ravaglia C, Dubini A, Poletti V

Sci Rep, 2020 07 02;10(1):10906.
PMID: 32616807 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67938-y

Bronchiolitis manifests as a variety of histological features that explain the complex clinical profiles and imaging aspects. In the period between January 2011 and June 2015, patients with a cryobiopsy diagnosis of bronchiolitis were retrospectively retrieved from the database of our institution. Clinical profiles, imaging features and histologic diagnoses were analysed to identify the role of cryobiopsy in the diagnostic process. Twenty-three patients with a multidisciplinary diagnosis of small airway disease were retrieved (14 females, 9 males; age range 31-74 years old; mean age 54.2 years old). The final MDT diagnoses were post-infectious bronchiolitis (n = 5), constrictive bronchiolitis (n = 3), DIPNECH (n = 1), idiopathic follicular bronchiolitis (n = 3), Sjogren's disease (n = 1), GLILD (n = 1), smoking-related interstitial lung disease (n = 6), sarcoid with granulomatous bronchiolar disorder (n = 1), and subacute hypersensitivity pneumonitis (n = 2). Complications reported after the cryobiopsy procedure consisted of two cases of pneumothorax soon after the biopsy (8.7%), which were successfully managed with the insertion of a chest tube. Transbronchial cryobiopsy represents a robust and mini-invasive method in the characterization of small airway diseases, allowing a low percentage of complications and good diagnostic confidence.

Matched MeSH terms: Lung Diseases, Interstitial/complications
Radiology and disease patterns in Malaysia

Wastie ML

Trop Geogr Med, 1975 Mar;27(1):17-24.
PMID: 1138449

The organisation of the radiological services in Malaysia is described and those diseases in which radiology plays an important part in diagnosis are discussed. As radiology embraces all specialities a pattern of diseases emerges which is different from that seen in the West. The control of infectious diseases, the general improvement in health care and the more sophisticated radiological investigations now available mean that in future radiology will play a much more important part in diagnosis and management of patients.

Matched MeSH terms: Lung Diseases/radiography
Review of the complications in peritoneal dialysis

Mukherjee AP

Med J Malaya, 1969 Sep;24(1):21-3.
PMID: 4243838
Matched MeSH terms: Lung Diseases/etiology
Lipid-based pulmonary delivery system: a review and future considerations of formulation strategies and limitations

Ngan CL, Asmawi AA

Drug Deliv Transl Res, 2018 10;8(5):1527-1544.
PMID: 29881970 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-018-0550-4

Inhalation therapy of lipid-based carriers has great potential in direct target towards the root of respiratory diseases, which make them superior over other drug deliveries. With the successful entry of lipid carriers into the target cells, drugs can be absorbed in a sustained release manner and yield extended medicinal effects. Nevertheless, translation of inhalation therapy from laboratory to clinic especially in drug delivery remains a key challenge to the formulators. An ideal drug vehicle should safeguard the drugs from any premature elimination, facilitate cellular uptake, and promote maximum drug absorption with negligible toxicity. Despite knowing that lung treatment can be done via systemic delivery, pulmonary administration is capable of enhancing drug retention within the lungs, while minimizing systemic toxicity with local targeting. Current inhalation therapy of lipid-based carriers can be administered either intratracheally or intranasally to reach deep lung. However, the complex dimensions of lung architectural and natural defense mechanism poise major barriers towards targeted pulmonary delivery. Delivery systems have to be engineered in a way to tackle various diseases according to their biological conditions. This review highlights on the developmental considerations of lipid-based delivery systems cater for the pulmonary intervention of different lung illnesses.

Matched MeSH terms: Lung Diseases/drug therapy*
Fulltext PET/CT in nononcological lung diseases: current applications and future perspectives

Capitanio S, Nordin AJ, Noraini AR, Rossetti C

Eur Respir Rev, 2016 Sep;25(141):247-58.
PMID: 27581824 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0051-2016

Positron emission tomography (PET) combined with computed tomography (CT) is an established diagnostic modality that has become an essential imaging tool in oncological practice. However, thanks to its noninvasive nature and its capability to provide physiological information, the main applications of this technique have significantly expanded.(18)F-labelled fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) is the most commonly used radiopharmaceutical for PET scanning and demonstrates metabolic activity in various tissues. Since activated inflammatory cells, like malignant cells, predominantly metabolise glucose as a source of energy and increase expression of glucose transporters when activated, FDG-PET/CT can be successfully used to detect and monitor a variety of lung diseases, such as infections and several inflammatory conditions.The added value of FDG-PET/CT as a molecular imaging technique relies on its capability to identify disease in very early stages, long before the appearance of structural changes detectable by conventional imaging. Furthermore, by detecting the active phase of infectious or inflammatory processes, disease progression and treatment efficacy can be monitored.This review will focus on the clinical use of FDG-PET/CT in nonmalignant pulmonary diseases.

Matched MeSH terms: Lung Diseases/physiopathology
Patent ductus arteriosus in Malaysia

Singham KT, Wong HO

Aust N Z J Med, 1979 Apr;9(2):174-6.
PMID: 287460 DOI: 10.1111/j.1445-5994.1979.tb04323.x

Findings are reviewed of isolated Patent Ductus Arteriosus after infancy as seen in 181 patients studied at the University Hospital, Kuala Lumpur, during the period 1967 to 1975. The ages of patients ranged from nine months to 54 years. Eighty-two patients underwent cardiac catheterization. More than 50% of patients were above ten years of age; the sex ratio was 1 male: 2.93 females. Thirty-two per cent of the patients had significant effort dyspnoea or were in heart failure. The complications noted were elevated pulmonary vascular resistance, Eisenmenger syndrome, bacterial endocarditis and cardiac failure.

Matched MeSH terms: Lung Diseases/etiology*
Protein and peptide delivery to lungs by using advanced targeted drug delivery

Chellappan DK, Prasher P, Saravanan V, Vern Yee VS, Wen Chi WC, Wong JW, et al.

Chem Biol Interact, 2022 Jan 05;351:109706.
PMID: 34662570 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109706

The challenges and difficulties associated with conventional drug delivery systems have led to the emergence of novel, advanced targeted drug delivery systems. Therapeutic drug delivery of proteins and peptides to the lungs is complicated owing to the large size and polar characteristics of the latter. Nevertheless, the pulmonary route has attracted great interest today among formulation scientists, as it has evolved into one of the important targeted drug delivery platforms for the delivery of peptides, and related compounds effectively to the lungs, primarily for the management and treatment of chronic lung diseases. In this review, we have discussed and summarized the current scenario and recent developments in targeted delivery of proteins and peptide-based drugs to the lungs. Moreover, we have also highlighted the advantages of pulmonary drug delivery over conventional drug delivery approaches for peptide-based drugs, in terms of efficacy, retention time and other important pharmacokinetic parameters. The review also highlights the future perspectives and the impact of targeted drug delivery on peptide-based drugs in the coming decade.

Matched MeSH terms: Lung Diseases/drug therapy
Novel drug delivery approaches in treating pulmonary fibrosis

Dua K, Awasthi R, Madan JR, Chellappan DK, Nalluri BN, Gupta G, et al.

Panminerva Med, 2018 Dec;60(4):238-240.
PMID: 29480673 DOI: 10.23736/S0031-0808.18.03428-6
Matched MeSH terms: Lung Diseases/drug therapy
Fulltext Spontaneous pneumothorax: a review of 29 admissions into Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia 1984-90

Harun MH, Yaacob I, Mohd Kassim Z

Singapore Med J, 1993 Apr;34(2):150-2.
PMID: 8266158

Twenty-nine patients (16 males, 13 females) with spontaneous pneumothorax admitted into Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, from September 1984 to September 1990 were reviewed. Their ages ranged from newborn to 75 years. The commonest chief presenting symptom was dyspnoea (69%), followed by chest pain (35%). Four patients had chronic obstructive airway disease, 7 had pneumonia, 2 had pulmonary tuberculosis, one patient had emphysema while 4 patients had multiple underlying lung disorders. The left and right lungs were involved with equal frequency. Bilateral pneumothorax occurred in one patient. Most patients had a single episode of pneumothorax but recurrent pneumothoraces occurred in 3 patients (10%). Six patients were observed conservatively, 20 patients required chest tube insertion alone and 3 patients also required pleurodesis. Death occurred in 8 patients (28%) mainly due to coexisting infection and respiratory failure.

Matched MeSH terms: Lung Diseases/epidemiology
Fulltext Fibreoptic bronchoscopy--a Malaysian experience

Yaacob I, Harun Z, Ahmad Z

Singapore Med J, 1991 Feb;32(1):26-8.
PMID: 2017700

Two hundred and ninety-three bronchoscopies were done for 285 patients (78% males, 22% females) at Hospital University Sains Malaysia between 1984 and 1988. The mean age was 56.4 years (range 13 to 90 years). 70.2% of patients underwent bronchoscopies to confirm or exclude the diagnosis of carcinoma of the bronchus, out of which 58% were confirmed to have bronchial carcinoma. 77% of the 98 patients with visible endobronchial tumours had biopsy specimens diagnostic of malignancy. Brushing and washing cytology increased the positive yield to 92%. The commonest histological type of bronchial carcinoma identified was squamous cell carcinoma (48.1%), followed by small cell carcinoma (27.1%), anaplastic/undifferentiated carcinoma (12.9%), adenocarcinoma (9.4%) and large cell carcinoma (2.4%). Bronchoscopy for the investigation of haemoptysis identified the commonest cause as 'bronchitis'. There were no complications noted in our series. Notable differences of our experience compared to that of the western series were the high percentage of bronchoscopy done for infective respiratory disorders and the younger age of our patients.

Matched MeSH terms: Lung Diseases/diagnosis*
A decade on: Follow-up findings of indigenous children with bronchiectasis

McCallum GB, Singleton RJ, Redding GJ, Grimwood K, Byrnes CA, Valery PC, et al.

Pediatr Pulmonol, 2020 04;55(4):975-985.
PMID: 32096916 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.24696

OBJECTIVE: The sole prospective longitudinal study of children with either chronic suppurative lung disease (CSLD) or bronchiectasis published in the current era was limited to a single center. We sought to extend this study by evaluating the longer-term clinical and lung function outcomes and their associated risk factors in Indigenous children of adolescents from Australia, Alaska, and New Zealand who participated in our previous CSLD or bronchiectasis studies during 2004-2010.
METHODS: Between 2015 and 2018, we evaluated 131 out of 180 (72.8%) children of adolescents from the original studies at a single follow-up visit. We administered standardized questionnaires, reviewed medical records, undertook clinical examinations, performed spirometry, and scored available chest computed tomography scans.
RESULTS: Participants were seen at a mean age of 12.3 years (standard deviation: 2.6) and a median of 9.0 years (range: 5.0-13.0) after their original recruitment. With increasing age, rates of acute lower respiratory infections (ALRI) declined, while lung function was mostly within population norms (median forced expiry volume in one-second = 90% predicted, interquartile range [IQR]: 81-105; forced vital capacity [FVC] = 98% predicted, IQR: 85-114). However, 43 out of 111 (38.7%) reported chronic cough episodes. Their overall global rating judged by symptoms, including ALRI frequency, examination findings, and spirometry was well (20.3%), stable (43.9%), or improved (35.8%). Multivariable regression identified household tobacco exposure and age at first ALRI-episode as independent risk factors associated with lower FVC% predicted values.
CONCLUSION: Under our clinical care, the respiratory outcomes in late childhood or early adolescence are encouraging for these patient populations at high-risk of premature mortality. Prospective studies to further inform management throughout the life course into adulthood are now needed.

Matched MeSH terms: Lung Diseases/diagnosis
Fulltext Amyotrophic Dermatomyositis presenting with interstitial lung disease

Maleha Mohd Noh, Pradip Subramaniam

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2019;15(106):56-56.
MyJurnal

Introduction: Presentation of Dermatomyositis with Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD) is not uncommon. Case descrip-tion: A 50 years old lady with dyspnoea of 1 month. On examination patient had heliotrope rash around face with gottron papules and fine crepitations bibasally over lung auscultation with proximal weakness of the limbs. High Resolution Computer Tomography of Chest(HRCT of Chest) revealed ground glass appearance with fibrotic changes in both lungs. Blood test serum ANA 1:160, Anti MDA5 strong positive, Anti Ro 52 positive with Serum dsDNA nega-tive. Skin Biopsy-compatible with cutaneous manifestation of dermatomyositis. EMG revealed there is electrophysio-logical cause of myopathy. Lung function test was unable to perform due to severe pain. Investigate for the possibility of underlying malignancy were taken with Serum Tumour Markers, Nasoscopy, ultrasound of pelvis, OGDS and colonoscopy. Did not reveal lesions suspicious of malignancy. Patient treated by using tablet prednisolone 50mg once daily with tapering done and tablet azathioprine 100mg once daily. Planned for IV Methylprednisolone if wors-ening of disease. Patient passed away due to rapidly worsening ILD. Conclusion: Amyotrophic Dermatomyositis with interstitial lung disease(ILD) diagnosis can be confidently diagnosed with clinical correlation and Serum AntiMDA5.

Matched MeSH terms: Lung Diseases, Interstitial
Fulltext Efficacy of Afatinib in the Treatment of Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer and Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Maarof NNN, Alsalahi A, Abdulmalek E, Fakurazi S, Tejo BA, Abdul Rahman MB

Cancers (Basel), 2021 Feb 08;13(4).
PMID: 33567737 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040688

Several randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluated the afatinib efficacy in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and recurrent/metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (R/M HNSCC). This review systemically outlined and meta-analyzed the afatinib efficacy in NSCLC and R/M HNSCC in terms of overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) endpoints. Records were retrieved from PubMed, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect from 2011 to 2020. Eight afatinib RCTs were included and assessed for the risk of bias. In meta-analysis, overall pooled effect size (ES) of OS in afatinib group (AG) significantly improved in all RCTs and NSCLC-RCTs [hazard ratios (HRs): 0.89 (95% CI: 0.81-0.98, p = 0.02); I2 = 0%, p = 0.71/ 0.86 (95% CI: 0.76-0.97; p = 0.02); I2 = 0%, p = 0.50, respectively]. ES of PFS in AG significantly improved in all RCTs, NSCLC-RCTs, and HNSCC-RCTs [HRs: 0.75 (95% CI: 0.68-0.83; p < 0.00001); I2 = 26%, p = 0.24; 0.75 (95% CI: 0.66-0.84; p < 0.00001); I2 = 47%, p = 0.15/0.76 (95% CI: 0.65-88; p = 0.0004); I2 = 34%, p = 0.0004, respectively]. From a clinical viewpoint of severity, interstitial lung disease, dyspnea, pneumonia, acute renal failure, and renal injury were rarely incident adverse events in the afatinib group. In conclusion, first- and second-line afatinib monotherapy improved the survival of patients with NSCLC, while second-line afatinib monotherapy could be promising for R/M HNSCC. The prospective protocol is in PROSPERO (ID = CRD42020204547).

Matched MeSH terms: Lung Diseases, Interstitial
Chest radiographs in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)

Letchumanan M, Anour AA, Ganapathy SS, Harry S, Nik Lah NSH, Arsad N, et al.

Med J Malaysia, 2021 03;76(2):131-137.
PMID: 33742618

OBJECTIVES: To recognize the radiographic patterns of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Malaysia.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Chest radiographs of patients confirmed with COVID-19 in Hospital Tawau, Sabah, Malaysia were retrospectively analyzed by two radiologists. The radiographic pattern, distribution among subgroups and evolution of the disease over time were determined.
RESULTS: Among the 82 patients studied, 65 (79.3%) were males. Mean age of our cohorts was 37 ± 15 years. Baseline chest radiographs were abnormal in 37 patients (45.1%). Over half (52.9%) of the symptomatic patients had abnormal baseline radiograph. Among the children, patients with comorbidities, and patients 60 years of age and above, the abnormal radiographs were 14.3%, 71.4% and 69.3% respectively. Ground glass opacities were the commonest abnormal radiographic feature (35.4%), were peripherally located (35.4%) with predilection for the lower zones (29.3%). Most radiographic abnormalities were multifocal (20.7%) and frequently located in the left lung (19.5%). Radiographic recovery was observed in 15 of 18 patients (83%). Computed tomography (CT) scan demonstrated greater extent of the disease than observed in radiographs of the same patient.
CONCLUSIONS: COVID-19 pneumonia presented with a specific radiographic pattern in our cohort of patients, comprising of ground glass opacities in peripheral and basilar distribution, affecting a single lung field and was observed in both symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. Chest radiograph is a useful adjunct screening tool, and in combination with clinical and epidemiological assessment may facilitate in early diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia.

Matched MeSH terms: Lung Diseases

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