MyMedR

Fulltext Opportunistic infection associated to HIV/AIDS in Nepal

Arijit G, Shalini C

Med J Malaysia, 2007 Mar;62(1):88.

Nepal is a low prevalence country for HIV/AIDS but has progressed into the category of a "concentrated" epidemic. The epidemic remains concentrated in a few vulnerable populations, namely Female Sex Workers and their clients, Intravenous Drug Users and Seasonal Migrant Workers. There is a big difference between estimated and reported cases for HIV, >60000 and almost 5000 respectively1 . There might be many more undiagnosed cases. Mother–to–child transmission is the largest source of HIV infection in children in Nepal so far.

Matched MeSH terms: HIV Infections/drug therapy

Fulltext Beta blockers in hypertension and cardiovascular disease

Ong HT

BMJ, 2007 May 5;334(7600):946-9.

PMID: 17478848

Matched MeSH terms: Hypertension/drug therapy*

Awareness and perceptions of fibromyalgia syndrome: a survey of Southeast Asian rheumatologists

Arshad A, Kong KO

J Clin Rheumatol, 2007 Apr;13(2):59-62.

PMID: 17414529 DOI: 10.1097/01.rhu.0000260494.29921.9e

BACKGROUND: Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is a common but controversial condition. There appears to be different level of belief of its existence and awareness. We set out to explore the variations of perceptions and awareness of this condition among rheumatologists from the Southeast Asia (SEA) region.
METHODS: One hundred eight rheumatologists from the participating countries; 28 from Malaysia, 20 from Singapore, 26 from Thailand, 2 from Brunei, and 42 from Indonesia were approached to participate in this survey by answering specific questions regarding their beliefs in relation to FMS; 82% respondents from Malaysia, 100% from Singapore, 92% from Thailand, 100% from Brunei, and 90% from Indonesia completed the questionnaires.
RESULTS: Most rheumatologists (92.5%) from SEA believe that FMS is a distinct clinical entity, and also this condition is considered an illness rather than a disease. Eighty-seven percent rheumatologists from SEA believe that FMS is a mixture of medical and psychological illness, 9% believe that FMS is primarily a psychological illness, and 3% believe that it is a medical illness. Only 60% of those in a university setting include FMS in their undergraduate teaching. Eighty-five percent of the respondents ordered blood tests to exclude other serious pathologic conditions, and 100% of the respondents from SEA countries also prescribed some form of drugs to FMS patients.
CONCLUSION: FMS is apparently seen worldwide. This study confirmed that there was a variation of perceptions and knowledge of FMS among rheumatologists from SEA countries. However, most rheumatologists agreed that FMS is a distinct clinical entity with a mixture of medical and psychological factors.

Matched MeSH terms: Fibromyalgia/drug therapy

Intraoperative small-dose ketamine does not reduce pain or analgesic consumption during perioperative opioid analgesia in children after tonsillectomy

Batra YK, Shamsah M, Al-Khasti MJ, Rawdhan HJ, Al-Qattan AR, Belani KG

Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther, 2007 Mar;45(3):155-60.

PMID: 17416110

OBJECTIVE: Ketamine inhibits the NMDA receptors via non-competitive antagonism, resulting in an antihyperalgesic effect achieved by doses of ketamine much smaller than are required for analgesia. The aim of this study was to determine the extent to which small-dose ketamine, when used in conjunction with remifentanil, has a morphine-sparing effect in the perioperative period.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled prospective study, we enrolled 40 children undergoing tonsillectomy. Anesthetic care was standardized. Intraoperative analgesia was provided with remifentanil 0.5 microg x kg(-1) followed by an infusion of 0.25 microg x kg(-1) x min(-1). Group I (ketamine, n = 20) received a bolus dose of ketamine 0.5 mg x kg(-1) followed by a continuous infusion of 2 microg x kg(-1) x min(-1) before start of surgery. The infusion was stopped when surgery ended. Group II (placebo, n=20) received normal saline in the same manner. Pain was assessed postoperatively using the Children's Hospital Eastern Ontario Pain Scale (CHEOPS; range of scores 4 13), and total morphine consumption was recorded in the postanesthesia care unit (PACU). Patients were transferred to the ward and morphine was administered via a patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) device and analgesia was recorded using a visual analogue scale (VAS) (0 - 10).

RESULTS: Intraoperative remifentanil consumption was not different between the ketamine group (0.29+/-0.09 microg x kg x min(-1) ) and the control group (0.24+/-0.07 microg x kg x min(-1)). There were no significant differences between CHEOPS scores and VAS score between the two groups. The total mean morphine consumption in the ward was not significantly different between the two groups: 376.5 +/-91.6 microg x kg(-1) with ketamine and 384.4+/-97.3 microg x kg(-1) with placebo. The time-to-first analgesic requirement was also similar in both groups.

CONCLUSIONS: Small-dose ketamine did not decrease postoperative pain after tonsillectomy in children when added to a continuous intraoperative remifentanil infusion.

Matched MeSH terms: Pain, Postoperative/drug therapy*

Inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme activity by a partially purified fraction of Gynura procumbens in spontaneously hypertensive rats

Hoe SZ, Kamaruddin MY, Lam SK

Med Princ Pract, 2007;16(3):203-8.

PMID: 17409755

To investigate the hypotensive and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activities of a partially purified fraction (FA-I) of the leaves of Gynura procumbens and to qualitatively analyse the putative compounds present in the fraction.

Matched MeSH terms: Hypertension/drug therapy*

Fulltext Preemptive ropivacaine local anaesthetic infiltration versus postoperative ropivacaine wound infiltration in mastectomy: postoperative pain and drain outputs

Rica MA, Norlia A, Rohaizak M, Naqiyah I

Asian J Surg, 2007 Jan;30(1):34-9.

PMID: 17337369

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate if preemptive local infiltration (PLA) with ropivacaine could improve postoperative pain and determine its effect on drain output postmastectomy with axillary dissection.
METHODS: This was a prospective, randomized trial comprising 30 women allocated to two groups: one to receive postoperative wound infiltration (POW) of 20 mL of 0.2% (40 mg) ropivacaine (Naropin) versus PLA with 20 mL of 0.2% ropivacaine (Naropin) diluted with 80 mL of 0.9% saline, total volume 100 mL. A visual analogue scale (0-100 mm) and angle of shoulder abduction were used for evaluation of pain. Postoperatively, all patients received oral ibuprofen 400 mg tds.
RESULTS: There was no significant difference in postoperative pain for the first 3 days between the two groups. There were wider shoulder abduction angles in the 1st and 3rd postoperative days in the PLA group, but this was not significant. Operative time was significantly shorter in the PLA group than in the POW group (69.34+/-59.37 minutes vs. 109.67+/-26.96 minutes; p=0.02). The axillary drain was removed earlier in the preemptive group, 5.4+/-1.55 days versus 6.8+/-2.04 days in the postoperative group (p=0.04).
CONCLUSION: We found no difference in postoperative pain between preemptive tumescent ropivacaine infiltration and postoperative ropivacaine wound infiltration.

Matched MeSH terms: Pain, Postoperative/drug therapy*

Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia and recent advances in its therapy

Hassan Y, Awaisu A, Aziz NA, Aziz NH, Ismail O

J Clin Pharm Ther, 2007 Dec;32(6):535-44.

PMID: 18021330

To highlight therapeutic controversies, and present a critical review of the most recent evidence on the management of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT).

Matched MeSH terms: Thrombocytopenia/drug therapy

Effect of local anesthesia and intravenous sedation on pain perception and vasovagal reactions during femoral arterial sheath removal after percutaneous coronary intervention

Kiat Ang C, Leung DY, Lo S, French JK, Juergens CP

Int J Cardiol, 2007 Apr 4;116(3):321-6.

PMID: 16904773

There is no consensus with respect to the use of analgesia during femoral arterial sheath removal after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). We performed a randomized controlled trial to assess the impact of intravenous sedation and local anesthesia during femoral sheath removal after PCI on patient comfort and the incidence of vasovagal reactions.

Matched MeSH terms: Pain/drug therapy*

Invasive meningococcal disease in the University of Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Raja NS, Parasakthi N, Puthucheary SD, Kamarulzaman A

J Postgrad Med, 2006 Jan-Mar;52(1):23-9; discussion 29.

PMID: 16534160

Neisseria meningitidis (N. meningitidis) remains the leading worldwide cause of acute bacterial meningitis and fatal sepsis in healthy individuals.

Matched MeSH terms: Meningococcal Infections/drug therapy

Serial cholinesterase estimation in carbamate poisoning

Pinakini KS, Kumar TS

J Clin Forensic Med, 2006 Jul;13(5):274-6.

PMID: 16442830

Poisoning is one of the most important causes of morbidity and mortality in developing countries like India. Anticholinesterase compounds like organophosphates (OP) and carbamates account for the majority of these poisoning cases because of their easy availability and agricultural use. Carbamates are as popular as OPs as insecticides that often go undiagnosed. A fatal case of carbofuran poisoning is presented where serial cholinesterase estimation played a major role in the diagnosis of the same. The pertinent medical literature on carbofuran poisoning is reviewed. The establishment of poison information center in each state is needed for proper diagnosis and management of poisoning cases.

Matched MeSH terms: Poisoning/drug therapy

Chemoprevention of colorectal cancer with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

Hilmi I, Goh KL

Chin J Dig Dis, 2006;7(1):1-6.

PMID: 16412030 DOI: 10.1111/j.1443-9573.2006.00236.x

Colorectal carcinoma is one of the commonest solid organ tumors in the world and its prevalence appears to be increasing in Asia. Recently, there has been much interest in various chemotherapeutic agents for the management of this condition, in particular nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). There is a large amount of data that suggest traditional NSAIDs, as well as the new cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 selective inhibitors such as rofecoxib and celecoxib, have a role in the setting of primary and secondary prevention, and adjuvant therapy of both sporadic colorectal carcinoma and familial adenomatous polyposis. This review examines some of this data, as well as the potential problems and limitations of using these agents, particularly in light of the recent withdrawal of rofecoxib.

Matched MeSH terms: Colorectal Neoplasms/drug therapy

Fulltext Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection complicated by empyema: a rare presentation

Othman N, Yip CW, Samat NA

Med J Malaysia, 2005 Aug;60(3):389-91.

PMID: 16379202

Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a common causative agent for childhood pneumonia. However, empyema is a rare presentation. We report a case of a previously well child who presented with a right-sided empyema. M. pneumoniae was confirmed serologically with evidence of a four-fold rise in Mycoplasma IgM titre. The empyema required drainage procedures for more than two weeks. The infection resolved with a course of six weeks of treatment with erythromycin.

Matched MeSH terms: Pneumonia, Mycoplasma/drug therapy

Fulltext Clarithromycin induced psychosis

Htut Y, Kunanayagam S, Poi PJ

Med J Malaysia, 2006 Jun;61(2):263.

PMID: 16898329

Sir, Delirium is defined as a clinical state characterised by an acute fluctuating change in mental status with inattention and altered levels of consciousness. Delirium in the older person is a common manifestation of sepsis,• electrolyte imbalance, intracranial pathology, urinary retention, fecal impaction, myocardial pathology or drug related. In this letter, we would like to share a report of an acute episode of delirium in a 94 year old man most likely induced by Clarithromycin which is a component of triple therapy for Helicobacter pylori (H. plyoriJ eradication.

Matched MeSH terms: Helicobacter Infections/drug therapy

Fulltext Intranasal Use of Quicklot in a Patient with Uncontrollable Epistaxis

Gurdeep S, Harvinder S, Philip R, Amanjit K

Med J Malaysia, 2006 Mar;61(1):112-3.

PMID: 16708748

A 60-year-old man who presented with nasopharyngitis developed uncontrollable epistaxis following a punch biopsy of the nasopharynx. QuickClot was successfully used to arrest the haemorrhage under general anaesthesia after the usual methods employed to secure haemostasis failed. The haemostatic plug was successfully removed a week later after control of the infection. This case represents the first reported intranasal use of QuickClot. We describe our experience and a literature review on this haemostatic agent.

Matched MeSH terms: Epistaxis/drug therapy*

Fulltext The use of mycophenolate mofetil in treating patients with non responding aplastic anemia

Gan GG, Leong CF, Sangkar JV, Teh A, Goh KY, Cheong SK

Med J Malaysia, 2005 Aug;60(3):311-3.

PMID: 16379185

Aplastic anemia is a relatively uncommon disease and conventional management options include immunosuppressive drugs and/or haematopoeitic stem cell transplantation. It is now known that the pathogenesis of aplastic anemia is immune mediated. Mycophenolate mofetil is a common immunosuppressive drug now used mainly in prophylaxis of graft rejection in organ transplant and also for prevention/treatment for graft versus host disease in haemtopoeitic stem cell transplantation. It is thought that mycophenolate mofetil may be useful in this group of patients. In this short report, mycophenolate mofetil was tried in 6 patients who had severe aplastic anemia with variable doses for a minimum duration of 9 months. The result has however not been encouraging.

Matched MeSH terms: Anemia, Aplastic/drug therapy*

Prevalence of nosocomial infection and antibiotic use at a university medical center in Malaysia

Hughes AJ, Ariffin N, Huat TL, Abdul Molok H, Hashim S, Sarijo J, et al.

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol, 2005 Jan;26(1):100-4.

PMID: 15693416

Most reports of nosocomial infection (NI) prevalence have come from developed countries with established infection control programs. In developing countries, infection control is often not as well established due to lack of staff and resources. We examined the rate of NI in our institution.

Matched MeSH terms: Cross Infection/drug therapy

Fulltext Familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in two brothers

Gan GG, Eow GI, Teh A, Ng SC, Sangkar JV

Med J Malaysia, 2004 Mar;59(1):100-2.

PMID: 15535343

Familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis is a disorder which presents with fever, pancytopenia, liver dysfunction and also an increase in non-malignant histiocytes with prominent hemophagocytosis in various organs. It is usually difficult to distinguish from other hemophagocytic syndrome in the absence of family history. It rarely manifests in adults. Chemotherapy is usually indicated. Here, we report the occurrence of this disorder in two brothers in their twenties.

Matched MeSH terms: Histiocytosis, Non-Langerhans-Cell/drug therapy

Fulltext Intravenous immunoglobulin in the treatment of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis

Kanaheswari Y, Baizura J, Zulfiqar A

Med J Malaysia, 2004 Mar;59(1):103-7.

PMID: 15535344

We describe a case of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis in a child. This case is unusual in that the illness was characterised by recurrent episodes rather than a monophasic course and that the choice of treatment was intravenous immunoglobulin over corticosteroids. The rapid and remarkable recovery is highlighted and a review of the treatment for this rare condition is discussed.

Matched MeSH terms: Encephalomyelitis, Acute Disseminated/drug therapy*

Fulltext Antidiabetic properties and mechanism of action of Orthosiphon stamineus Benth bioactive sub-fraction in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

Mohamed EA, Yam MF, Ang LF, Mohamed AJ, Asmawi MZ

J Acupunct Meridian Stud, 2013 Feb;6(1):31-40.

PMID: 23433053 DOI: 10.1016/j.jams.2013.01.005

Orthosiphon stamineus is a popular folk medicine widely used to treat many diseases including diabetes. Previous studies have shown that the sub-fraction of chloroform extract was able to inhibit the rise of blood glucose levels in a glucose tolerance test. This study was carried out to evaluate the chronic effect and possible mechanism of action of the bioactive chloroform sub-fraction of O. stamineus using streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats and in vitro methods. Administration of the chloroform extract sub-fraction 2 (Cƒ2-b) at a dose of 1 g/kg twice daily on diabetic rats for 14 days showed a significant lowering (p < 0.05) of the final blood glucose level compared to the pretreatment level. However, there were no significant differences in the plasma insulin levels post-treatment compared to the pretreatment levels for all doses of Cƒ2-b. Conversely, Cƒ2-b at a concentration of 2 mg/mL significantly increased (p < 0.001) the glucose uptake by the rat diaphragm muscle. The increase in glucose uptake was also shown when the muscle was incubated in a solution containing 1 IU/mL of insulin or 1 mg/mL of metformin. Furthermore, the effect of this sub-fraction on glucose absorption in the everted rat jejunum showed that Cƒ2-b at concentrations of 0.5 mg/mL, 1 mg/mL and, 2 mg/mL significantly reduced the glucose absorption of the jejunum (p < 0.05-0.001). Similarly, the absorption of glucose was also inhibited by 1 mg/mL and 2 mg/mL of metformin (p < 0.001). These results suggest that the effect of Cƒ2-b may be due to extra-pancreatic mechanisms. There was no evidence that the plant extract stimulated the release of insulin in order to lower the blood glucose level.

Matched MeSH terms: Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy*

Use Piper sarmentosum as an effective antidiabetic supplement in South East Asia: a review

Zar CT, Teoh SL, Das S, Zaiton Z, Farihah HS

Clin Ter, 2012 Nov;163(6):505-10.

PMID: 23306747

Herbs with antidiabetic activity have a potential role to play. Herbal medicines have been widely used in South East Asia because of lesser side effects and cost effectiveness. The main aim of this review article was to disseminate important information regarding the use of herbal products in oxidative stress involved in diseases like diabetes mellitus. The article highlights some of the traditional medicinal plants which have been widely used in South East Asia with special emphasis on Piper sarmentosum. Piper sarmentosum have been reported to possess varying degree of hypoglycemic, antidiabetic and other additional properties. The antioxidant properties of the herbs may be effective in controlling the oxidative damage produced during diabetes mellitus. The review article highlights the positive role of traditional herbs towards diabetes mellitus and also describes its complications.

Matched MeSH terms: Diabetes Mellitus/drug therapy*

Displaying publications 1301 - 1320 of 5161 in total