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Displaying publications 1301 - 1320 of 5836 in total

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Infantile spasms in a Malaysian population. Clinical and EEG studies at initial presentation

Vignaendra V, Raju L, Lee C, Ghee T

J Trop Pediatr Environ Child Health, 1976 Oct;22(5):220-4.
PMID: 1051827
Matched MeSH terms: Spasms, Infantile/diagnosis*
Homocystinuria-a case report

Peng LH, Perumal R

Med J Malaysia, 1976 Mar;30(3):213-9.
PMID: 985681
Matched MeSH terms: Homocystinuria/diagnosis*
Imperforate vaginal septum with haematocolpos

Chuan OK, Ping WW

Med J Malaysia, 1974 Jun;28(4):279-82.
PMID: 4278941
Matched MeSH terms: Menstruation Disturbances/diagnosis
Clinical and laboratory experiences of malaria in a Seremban medical practice during the two years: 1970-1971

O'Holohan DR, Hugoe-Matthews J

Med J Malaya, 1972 Sep;27(1):52-6.
PMID: 4264826
Matched MeSH terms: Malaria/diagnosis
Fulltext An example of Filariasis control from West Malaysia

Wilson T

Bull World Health Organ, 1969;41(2):324-9.
PMID: 5308708
Matched MeSH terms: Filariasis/diagnosis*
The diagnosis and current treatment of liver abscess

Vijendran M

Med J Malaysia, 1977 Dec;32(2):133-8.
PMID: 614479
Matched MeSH terms: Liver Abscess/diagnosis*
The laboratory diagnosis of veneral diseases--II--the laboratory diagnosis of gonorrhoea

Jegathesan M

Med J Malaysia, 1974 Sep;29(1):66-9.
PMID: 4282635
Matched MeSH terms: Cytodiagnosis; Gonorrhea/diagnosis*
Fulltext Early Detection of Silent Hypoxia in Covid-19 Pneumonia Using Smartphone Pulse Oximetry

Teo J

J Med Syst, 2020 Jun 19;44(8):134.
PMID: 32562006 DOI: 10.1007/s10916-020-01587-6
Matched MeSH terms: Anoxia/diagnosis*
Recurrent headache in a frequent flyer

Flaherty G, Sabir K

Travel Med Infect Dis, 2016 Sep-Oct;14(5):531-532.
PMID: 27524682 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2016.08.001
Matched MeSH terms: Headache/diagnosis*
Fulltext A Low Cost and Portable Microwave Imaging System for Breast Tumor Detection Using UWB Directional Antenna array

Islam MT, Mahmud MZ, Islam MT, Kibria S, Samsuzzaman M

Sci Rep, 2019 10 29;9(1):15491.
PMID: 31664056 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51620-z

Globally, breast cancer is a major reason for female mortality. Due to the limitations of current clinical imaging, the researchers are encouraged to explore alternative and complementary tools to available techniques to detect the breast tumor in an earlier stage. This article outlines a new, portable, and low-cost microwave imaging (MWI) system using an iterative enhancing technique for breast imaging. A compact side slotted tapered slot antenna is designed for microwave imaging. The radiating fins of tapered slot antenna are modified by etching nine rectangular side slots. The irregular slots on the radiating fins enhance the electrical length as well as produce strong directive radiation due to the suppression of induced surface currents that radiate vertically at the outer edges of the radiating arms with end-fire direction. It has remarkable effects on efficiency and gain. With the addition of slots, the side-lobe levels are reduced, the gain of the main-lobe is increased and corrects the squint effects simultaneously, thus improving the characteristics of the radiation. For experimental validation, a heterogeneous breast phantom was developed that contains dielectric properties identical to real breast tissues with the inclusion of tumors. An alternative PC controlled and microcontroller-based mechanical MWI system is designed and developed to collect the antenna scattering signal. The radiated backscattered signals from the targeted area of the human body are analyzed to reveal the changes in dielectric properties in tissues. The dielectric constants of tumorous cells are higher than that of normal tissues due to their higher water content. The remarkable deviation of the scattered field is processed by using newly proposed Iteratively Corrected Delay and Sum (IC-DAS) algorithm and the reconstruction of the image of the phantom interior is done. The developed UWB (Ultra-Wideband) antenna based MWI has been able to perform the detection of tumorous cells in breast phantom that can pave the way to saving lives.

Matched MeSH terms: Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis*
Fulltext Unilateral live twin tubal ectopic pregnancy presenting at 12 weeks of gestation: A case report

Seak CJ, Goh ZNL, Wong AC, Seak JC, Seak CK

Medicine (Baltimore), 2019 Sep;98(38):e17229.
PMID: 31567985 DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000017229

RATIONALE: Abdominal pain in pregnancy represents a demanding diagnostic challenge in the emergency department (ED) due to the extensive list of differential diagnoses to be considered, coupled with the possibility of each disease having nonclassical, atypical signs and symptoms, resultant from the patient's pregnant state. Additionally, emergency physicians (EPs) face limitations on investigative imaging modalities because of the need to minimize fetal radiation exposure. EPs have to tackle this diagnostic challenge while performing a balancing act to maximize both maternal and fetal outcomes in a time-sensitive manner, becauser any delays in decision-making at the ED may threaten the safety of mother and child. Two common causes of abdominal pain in pregnancy presenting to the ED are acute appendicitis and ectopic pregnancy. The latter is almost always diagnosed by 10 weeks of gestation. Here, we report an extremely rare case of unilateral live spontaneous twin tubal ectopic pregnancy presenting past 12 weeks of gestation, diagnosed after magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the abdomen.
PATIENT CONCERNS: A 37-year-old gravida 2 para 1 at 12 weeks and 6 days of gestation presented to our ED with a 2-day history of right iliac fossa pain, not associated with vaginal bleeding, fever, diarrhea, and vomiting. On examination, she was tachycardic (pulse rate 124 beats/min) and hypertensive (blood pressure 142/88 mm Hg). There was marked tenderness and guarding at the lower abdomen.
DIAGNOSES: Blood investigations were unremarkable, while abdominal ultrasonography found a live twin gestation with foetal heartbeats of 185 and 180 beats/min. MRI of the abdomen revealed an empty uterine cavity; 2 amniotic sacs and fetuses of diameter 10 cm, and a single placenta were noted in the right uterine adnexa. The patient was diagnosed with right live monochorionic diamniotic twin tubal pregnancy.
INTERVENTION: Our patient underwent emergency laparoscopic right salpingectomy.
OUTCOMES: The operation was successful and her postoperative care remained uneventful up to discharge.
LESSONS: Ectopic pregnancy cannot be ruled out based on prior normal antenatal examinations and gestational age of >10 weeks. EPs should not hesitate to order MRI scans for further evaluation if ultrasonography and laboratory findings are equivocal.

Matched MeSH terms: Pregnancy, Tubal/diagnosis*
Recognizing pitfalls in breast cancer follow-up: a necessity--reply

Taib NA

World J Surg, 2015 Feb;39(2):548-9.
PMID: 25446473 DOI: 10.1007/s00268-014-2872-9
Matched MeSH terms: Delayed Diagnosis/psychology*
Fulltext Positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging of macrophages in large vessel vasculitis: Current status and future prospects

Jiemy WF, Heeringa P, Kamps JAAM, van der Laken CJ, Slart RHJA, Brouwer E

Autoimmun Rev, 2018 Jul;17(7):715-726.
PMID: 29729443 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2018.02.006

Macrophages are key players in the pathogenesis of large-vessel vasculitis (LVV) and may serve as a target for diagnostic imaging of LVV. The radiotracer, 18F-FDG has proven to be useful in the diagnosis of giant cell arteritis (GCA), a form of LVV. Although uptake of 18F-FDG is high in activated macrophages, it is not a specific radiotracer as its uptake is high in any proliferating cell and other activated immune cells resulting in high non-specific background radioactivity especially in aging and atherosclerotic vessels which dramatically lowers the diagnostic accuracy. Evidence also exists that the sensitivity of 18F-FDG PET drops in patients upon glucocorticoid treatment. Therefore, there is a clinical need for more specific radiotracers in imaging GCA to improve diagnostic accuracy. Numerous clinically established and newly developed macrophage targeted radiotracers for oncological and inflammatory diseases can potentially be utilized for LVV imaging. These tracers are more target specific and therefore may provide lower background radioactivity, higher diagnostic accuracy and the ability to assess treatment effectiveness. However, current knowledge regarding macrophage subsets in LVV lesions is limited. Further understanding regarding macrophage subsets in vasculitis lesion is needed for better selection of tracers and new targets for tracer development. This review summarizes the development of macrophage targeted tracers in the last decade and the potential application of macrophage targeted tracers currently used in other inflammatory diseases in imaging LVV.

Matched MeSH terms: Giant Cell Arteritis/diagnosis*
Fulltext Diagnosis and management of latent tuberculosis infection in Asia: Review of current status and challenges

Paton NI, Borand L, Benedicto J, Kyi MM, Mahmud AM, Norazmi MN, et al.

Int J Infect Dis, 2019 Oct;87:21-29.
PMID: 31301458 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2019.07.004

Asia has the highest burden of tuberculosis (TB) and latent TB infection (LTBI) in the world. Optimizing the diagnosis and treatment of LTBI is one of the key strategies for achieving the WHO 'End TB' targets. We report the discussions from the Asia Latent TubERculosis (ALTER) expert panel meeting held in 2018 in Singapore. In this meeting, a group of 13 TB experts from Bangladesh, Cambodia, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand and Vietnam convened to review the literature, discuss the barriers and propose strategies to improve the management of LTBI in Asia. Strategies for the optimization of risk group prioritization, diagnosis, treatment, and research of LTBI are reported. The perspectives presented herein, may help national programs and professional societies of the respective countries enhance the adoption of the WHO guidelines, scale-up the implementation of national guidelines based on the regional needs, and provide optimal guidance to clinicians for the programmatic management of LTBI.

Matched MeSH terms: Latent Tuberculosis/diagnosis*
Parent Ratings of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire: What Is the Optimum Factor Model?

Gomez R, Stavropoulos V

Assessment, 2019 09;26(6):1142-1153.
PMID: 28735555 DOI: 10.1177/1073191117721743

To date, at least 12 different models have been suggested for the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). The current study used confirmatory factor analysis to examine the relative support for these models. In all, 1,407 Malaysian parents completed SDQ ratings of their children (age range = 5-13 years). Although the findings showed some degree of support for all 12 models, there was most support for an oblique six-factor model that included the five SDQ domains (emotional problems, conduct problems, hyperactivity, peer problems, and low prosocial behavior) and a positive construal factor comprising all the 10 SDQ positive worded items. The original proposed five-factor oblique model also showed good fit. The implications of the findings for understanding the results of past studies of the structural models of the parent version of the SDQ, and for clinical and research practice involving the SDQ are discussed.

Matched MeSH terms: Child Behavior Disorders/diagnosis*
Phenotypic variation among siblings with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy

Oon YY, Koh KT, Khaw CS, Mohd Amin NH, Ong TK

Med J Malaysia, 2019 08;74(4):328-330.
PMID: 31424042

Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is primarily a familial disease with autosomal dominant inheritance. Incomplete penetrance and variable expression are common, resulting in broad disease spectrum. Three patterns of phenotypic expression have been described: (1) "classic" subtype, with predominant right ventricle involvement, (2) "left dominant" subtype, with early and dominant left ventricle involvement, and (3) "biventricular" subtype, with both ventricles equally affected. Genotypephenotype associations have been described, but there are other genetic and non-genetic factors that can affect disease expression. We describe two different phenotypic expressions of ARVC in a family.

Matched MeSH terms: Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia/diagnosis*
Fulltext Occlusal characteristics and ethnic variations in Malaysian orthodontic patients

Mulimani PS, Azmi MIB, Jamali NR, Basir NNBM, Soe HHK

Singapore Dent J, 2017 12;38:71-77.
PMID: 29229077 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdj.2017.09.002
Matched MeSH terms: Malocclusion/diagnosis
Automated detection of diabetic subject using pre-trained 2D-CNN models with frequency spectrum images extracted from heart rate signals

Yildirim O, Talo M, Ay B, Baloglu UB, Aydin G, Acharya UR

Comput Biol Med, 2019 10;113:103387.
PMID: 31421276 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2019.103387

In this study, a deep-transfer learning approach is proposed for the automated diagnosis of diabetes mellitus (DM), using heart rate (HR) signals obtained from electrocardiogram (ECG) data. Recent progress in deep learning has contributed significantly to improvement in the quality of healthcare. In order for deep learning models to perform well, large datasets are required for training. However, a difficulty in the biomedical field is the lack of clinical data with expert annotation. A recent, commonly implemented technique to train deep learning models using small datasets is to transfer the weighting, developed from a large dataset, to the current model. This deep learning transfer strategy is generally employed for two-dimensional signals. Herein, the weighting of models pre-trained using two-dimensional large image data was applied to one-dimensional HR signals. The one-dimensional HR signals were then converted into frequency spectrum images, which were utilized for application to well-known pre-trained models, specifically: AlexNet, VggNet, ResNet, and DenseNet. The DenseNet pre-trained model yielded the highest classification average accuracy of 97.62%, and sensitivity of 100%, to detect DM subjects via HR signal recordings. In the future, we intend to further test this developed model by utilizing additional data along with cloud-based storage to diagnose DM via heart signal analysis.

Matched MeSH terms: Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted*
Fulltext Real-Time Smart-Digital Stethoscope System for Heart Diseases Monitoring

Chowdhury MEH, Khandakar A, Alzoubi K, Mansoor S, M Tahir A, Reaz MBI, et al.

Sensors (Basel), 2019 Jun 20;19(12).
PMID: 31226869 DOI: 10.3390/s19122781

One of the major causes of death all over the world is heart disease or cardiac dysfunction. These diseases could be identified easily with the variations in the sound produced due to the heart activity. These sophisticated auscultations need important clinical experience and concentrated listening skills. Therefore, there is an unmet need for a portable system for the early detection of cardiac illnesses. This paper proposes a prototype model of a smart digital-stethoscope system to monitor patient's heart sounds and diagnose any abnormality in a real-time manner. This system consists of two subsystems that communicate wirelessly using Bluetooth low energy technology: A portable digital stethoscope subsystem, and a computer-based decision-making subsystem. The portable subsystem captures the heart sounds of the patient, filters and digitizes, and sends the captured heart sounds to a personal computer wirelessly to visualize the heart sounds and for further processing to make a decision if the heart sounds are normal or abnormal. Twenty-seven t-domain, f-domain, and Mel frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCC) features were used to train a public database to identify the best-performing algorithm for classifying abnormal and normal heart sound (HS). The hyper parameter optimization, along with and without a feature reduction method, was tested to improve accuracy. The cost-adjusted optimized ensemble algorithm can produce 97% and 88% accuracy of classifying abnormal and normal HS, respectively.

Matched MeSH terms: Heart Diseases/diagnosis*
Bone Densitometry in Transgender and Gender Non-Conforming (TGNC) Individuals: 2019 ISCD Official Position

Rosen HN, Hamnvik OR, Jaisamrarn U, Malabanan AO, Safer JD, Tangpricha V, et al.

J Clin Densitom, 2019 07 10;22(4):544-553.
PMID: 31327665 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocd.2019.07.004

The indications for initial and follow-up bone mineral density (BMD) in transgender and gender nonconforming (TGNC) individuals are poorly defined, and the choice of which gender database to use to calculate Z-scores is unclear. Herein, the findings of the Task Force are presented after a detailed review of the literature. As long as a TGNC individual is on standard gender-affirming hormone treatment, BMD should remain stable to increasing, so there is no indication to monitor for bone loss or osteoporosis strictly on the basis of TGNC status. TGNC individuals who experience substantial periods of hypogonadism (>1 yr) might experience bone loss or failure of bone accrual during that time, and should be considered for baseline measurement of BMD. To the extent that this hypogonadism continues over time, follow-up measurements can be appropriate. TGNC individuals who have adequate levels of endogenous or exogenous sex steroids can, of course, suffer from other illnesses that can cause osteoporosis and bone loss, such as hyperparathyroidism and steroid use; they should have measurement of BMD as would be done in the cisgender population. There are no data that TGNC individuals have a fracture risk different from that of cisgender individuals, nor any data to suggest that BMD predicts their fracture risk less well than in the cisgender population. The Z-score in transgender individuals should be calculated using the reference data (mean and standard deviation) of the gender conforming with the individual's gender identity. In gender nonconforming individuals, the reference data for the sex recorded at birth should be used. If the referring provider or the individual requests, a set of "male" and "female" Z-scores can be provided, calculating the Z-score against male and female reference data, respectively.

Matched MeSH terms: Osteoporosis/diagnosis*

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