Displaying publications 1221 - 1240 of 5161 in total

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  1. Ong PS, Sulaiman W
    Mod Rheumatol, 2012 Nov;22(6):931-3.
    PMID: 22399018 DOI: 10.1007/s10165-012-0605-1
    Tuberculosis (TB) remains a global burden despite extensive efforts to control it. TB arthritis commonly manifest as monoarthritis of weight-bearing joints. We report a rare presentation of osteoarticular TB involving multiple small joints of the hands, which mimicked rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Magnetic resonance imaging showed tenosynovitis. The patient was initially treated for seronegative RA but failed to respond. Subsequently, synovial biopsy led to the diagnosis. Antituberculosis treatment was given for 1 year.
    Matched MeSH terms: Tuberculosis, Osteoarticular/drug therapy
  2. Fu JJ, Bazazi AR, Altice FL, Mohamed MN, Kamarulzaman A
    PLoS One, 2012;7(9):e44249.
    PMID: 23028508 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044249
    Throughout Asia, people who use drugs are confined in facilities referred to as compulsory drug detention and rehabilitation centers. The limited transparency and accessibility of these centers has posed a significant challenge to evaluating detainees and detention conditions directly. Despite HIV being highly prevalent in this type of confined setting, direct evaluation of detainees with HIV and their access to medical care has yet to be reported in the literature.
    Matched MeSH terms: HIV Infections/drug therapy
  3. Hussain A, Ibrahim MI
    East Mediterr Health J, 2012 Jun;18(6):635-40.
    PMID: 22888622
    Community pharmacies are valued for their potential role in the management of common ailments. This cross-sectional study aimed to document the management of diarrhoea by community pharmacies in 3 cities in Pakistan. Visits were performed to 371 randomly selected pharmacies to request advice for a simulated paediatric case of diarrhoea. The pharmacy's management was scored on a checklist including history taking and provision of advice and information. Customers were served by a salesperson in 97.3% of visits and by a pharmacist in only 2.2%. Medication was dispensed in 77.1% of visits. Of the medications dispensed, 58.7% were antiamoebics, 14.0% antibiotics and 18.9% antidiarrhoeals; only 8.4% were oral rehydration salts. None of the regimens matched with a standard prescription. The dosage regimen was explained to the customer in only 52.6% of cases. Drug safety, unqualified personnel, lack of history taking, inappropriate treatment and lack of counselling are concerns to be addressed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diarrhea/drug therapy*
  4. Daud NA, Ab-Rahman A
    Neurosciences (Riyadh), 2012 Jul;17(3):269-70.
    PMID: 22772938
    Matched MeSH terms: Epilepsy/drug therapy*
  5. Ruzanna ZZ, Ong LY, Cheah YC, Fairuz A, Midin M
    Med J Malaysia, 2012 Feb;67(1):39-44.
    PMID: 22582547 MyJurnal
    This cross sectional study aimed to explore the association between dyslipidaemia and types of antipsychotics in 100 patients with chronic schizophrenia. Lipid profile, weight, height and waist circumference together with other relevant factors were measured. We found there was a high rate of dyslipidaemia among patients with chronic schizophrenia treated with antipsychotics (66%), however there was no significant difference found between typical or atypical antipsychotics (OR=1). All sociodemographic and clinical factors were not significantly associated with dyslipidaemia. Only non-Malays were found to have significant dyslipidaemia (p<0.1). Effective management is needed to deal with the dyslipidaemia in this group.
    Matched MeSH terms: Schizophrenia/drug therapy*
  6. Ameli F, Phang KS, Masir N
    Med J Malaysia, 2011 Dec;66(5):517-9.
    PMID: 22390118 MyJurnal
    Churg-Strauss syndrome, a small and medium vessel vasculitis, was first described by Churg and Strauss in 1951. It is characterised by the presence of asthma, prominent tissue and blood eosinophilia, systemic vasculitis, and pulmonary and systemic necrotising allergic granulomas. Involvement of the skin, heart and gastrointestinal tract is well documented, but ocular presentation is unusual. We describe a 40-year-old lady who presented with recurrent upper eyelid swelling due to conjunctival lesions. Although she has chronic asthma, Churg-Strauss syndrome was never suspected. The diagnosis of Churg-Strauss syndrome was only made following histological examination of the conjunctival lesions.
    Matched MeSH terms: Churg-Strauss Syndrome/drug therapy
  7. Qader SW, Abdulla MA, Chua LS, Sirat HM, Hamdan S
    Int J Mol Sci, 2012;13(2):1481-96.
    PMID: 22408403 DOI: 10.3390/ijms13021481
    The leaves of Polygonum minus were fractionated using an eluting solvent to evaluate the pharmacological mechanisms underlying the anti-ulcerogenic activity of P. minus. Different P. minus fractions were obtained and evaluated for their ulcer preventing capabilities using the ethanol induction method. In this study, Sprague Dawley rats weighing 150-200 g were used. Different parameters were estimated to identify the active fraction underlying the mechanism of the gastroprotective action of P. minus: the gastric mucus barrier, as well as superoxide dismutase, total hexosamine, and prostaglandin synthesis. Amongst the five fractions from the ethanolic extract of P. minus, the ethyl acetate:methanol 1:1 v/v fraction (F2) significantly (p < 0.005) exhibited better inhibition of ulcer lesions in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, rats pre-treated with F2 showed a significant elevation in superoxide dismutase (SOD), hexosamine and PGE2 levels in the stomach wall mucosa in a dose-dependent matter. Based on these results, the ethyl acetate:methanol 1:1 v/v fraction was considered to be the best fraction for mucous protection in the ethanol induction model. The mechanisms underlying this protection were attributed to the synthesis of antioxidants and PGE2.
    Matched MeSH terms: Peptic Ulcer/drug therapy*
  8. Saifullah B, Hussein MZ, Hussein Al Ali SH
    Int J Nanomedicine, 2012;7:5451-63.
    PMID: 23091386 DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S34996
    Tuberculosis (TB), caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is notorious for its lethality to humans. Despite technological advances, the tubercle bacillus continues to threaten humans. According to the World Health Organization's 2011 global report on TB, 8.8 million cases of TB were reported in 2010, with a loss of 1.7 million human lives. As drug-susceptible TB requires long-term treatment of between 6 and 9 months, patient noncompliance remains the most important reason for treatment failure. For multidrug-resistant TB, patients must take second-line anti-TB drugs for 18-24 months and many adverse effects are associated with these drugs. Drug-delivery systems (DDSs) seem to be the most promising option for advancement in the treatment of TB. DDSs reduce the adverse effects of drugs and their dosing frequency as well as shorten the treatment period, and hence improve patient compliance. Further advantages of these systems are that they target the disease area, release the drugs in a sustained manner, and are biocompatible. In addition, targeted delivery systems may be useful in dealing with extensively drug-resistant TB because many side effects are associated with the drugs used to cure the disease. In this paper, we discuss the DDSs developed for the targeted and slow delivery of anti-TB drugs and their possible advantages and disadvantages.
    Matched MeSH terms: Tuberculosis/drug therapy*
  9. Phua CE, Tan BS, Tan AL, Eng KY, Ng BS, Malik RA, et al.
    Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2012;13(7):3287-92.
    PMID: 22994749
    PURPOSE: To study the overall treatment time (OTT) and acute toxicity of intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) treatment for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).

    METHODS: This retrospective study covered all NPC patients who underwent radical IMRT treatment at the Penang General Hospital from June 2011 to February 2012. Patients of any age and stage of disease with histologically proven diagnosis were included. Information was collected on patient demographics, clinical stage, treatment received, including any neoadjuvant and/or concurrent chemotherapy, acute toxity and completion of IMRT within the OTT.

    RESULTS: A total of 26 NPC patients were treated with IMRT during the study period; 88.5% had stage III/IV disease. 45.2% received neo-adjuvant chemotherapy while 50.0% were given concurrent chemo-irradiation. All patients completed the treatment and 92.3% within the 7 weeks OTT. Xerostomia was present in all patients with 92.3% having grade 2. Severe grade III/IV acute toxicity occurred in 73.1% of patients, the commonest of which was oral mucositis (57.6%). This was followed by dysphagia which occurred in 53.8%, skin reactions in 42.3% and weight loss in 19.2%. However, haematological toxicity was mild with only one patient having leucopaenia.

    CONCLUSION: IMRT treatment for NPC is feasible in our center. More importantly, it can be delivered within the 7 weeks OTT in the majority of patients. Severe grade 3/4 toxicity is very common (73.1%) and thus maximal nutritional and analgesic support is required throughout the treatment.

    Matched MeSH terms: Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms/drug therapy
  10. Ooi CP, Yassin Z, Hamid TA
    PMID: 20166099 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD007845.pub2
    Background: Momordica charantia is not only a nutritious vegetable, but is also used in traditional medical practices to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus. Experimental studies with animals and humans suggested that the vegetable has a possible role in glycaemic control.

    Objectives: To assess the effects of mormodica charantia for type 2 diabetes mellitus.

    Search strategy: Several electronic databases were searched, among these The Cochrane Library (issue 4, 2009), MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, SIGLE and LILACS (all up to November 2009), combined with handsearches. No language restriction was used.

    Selection criteria: Randomized controlled trials that compared momordica charantia with a placebo or a control intervention with or without pharmacological or non-pharmacological interventions were included.

    Data collection and analysis: Two authors independently extracted the data. Risk of bias of trials was evaluated using the parameters of randomization, allocation concealment, blinding, completeness of outcome data, selective reporting and other potential sources of bias. A meta-analysis was not performed given the quality of data and the variability of preparations of momordica charantia used in interventions (no similar preparation was tested twice).

    Main results: Three randomised controlled trials with up to three months duration and investigating 350 participants met the inclusion criteria. Risk of bias of these trials (only one study was published as a full peer-reviewed publication) was generally high. Two RCTs compared the effect of preparations from different parts of the momordica charantia plants and placebo on the glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus. There was no statistically significant difference compared to placebo. The effects of preparation from the leaves of the plant and glibenclamide were comparable in the third trial. No serious adverse effects were reported in all the trials. There were no documentations of death from any cause, morbidity, (health-related) quality of life and costs.

    Authors' conclusions: There is insufficient evidence to recommend momordica charantia for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Further studies are therefore required to address the issues of standardization and the quality control of preparations. For medical nutritional therapy, further observational trials evaluating the effects of momordica charantia are needed before RCTs are established to guide any recommendations in clinical practice.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy*
  11. Xiang YT, Kreyenbuhl J, Dickerson FB, Ungvari GS, Wang CY, Si TM, et al.
    Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther, 2012 Jul;50(7):500-4.
    PMID: 22541750 DOI: 10.5414/CP201683
    This study surveyed the prescribing patterns of antipsychotic medications in Asian older schizophrenia patients with extrapyramidal side effects (EPS) during the period between 2001 and 2009.
    Matched MeSH terms: Schizophrenia/drug therapy*
  12. Abdul Rasool Hassan B, Yusoff ZB, Bin Othman S
    Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2011;12(6):1425-8.
    PMID: 22126475
    INTRODUCTION: Neutropenia, defined as a decrease in the absolute neutrophil count lower than the normal that is < 1500 cell/ ?l, has a detrimental effect on cancer patients' quality of life, also possibly resulting in a reduction in the chemotherapy dose which could lead to an increment in the size of a cancer. There are so many causative factors for neutropenia like hematological disorders, autoimmune diseases and infection, drugs reactions and chemotherapy or radiotherapy. So the main aim of this study is to find the association between chemotherapy drug or regimens, schedule of administration used for treatment of solid cancer diseases with neutropenia onset and severity.

    METHODS: This is an observational retrospective study carried out in a general hospital on 117 solid tumor patients who admitted between January 2003 to December 2006. The main statistical tests used were Chi- square test and Fisher' s Exact test. The significance of the result will be when the P<0.05, while the confidence interval for this study was 95%.

    RESULTS: The highest chemotherapeutic regimen was (5-FU+epirubicin+cyclophosphamide) (47, 40.2%) followed by (gemcitabine+cisplatin) (6, 5.1%) and many others. Majority of the patients receive their chemotherapy schedule of administration was one day schedule (90, 76.9%) followed by more than one day schedule (27, 23.1%).

    CONCLUSION: The doses of these drugs were not high enough to produce a sufficient pharmacological effect to cause bone marrow suppression and lead to neutropenia. Besides the schedule of administration for each drug was long enough to overcome neutropenia also the high uses of granulocyte colony stimulation factor (G-CSF) which will play a major role in reducing the time and severity of neutropenia. All these factors play an important role in giving non- significant association between neutropenia onset and severity with chemotherapeutics drugs and their schedule of administration.

    Matched MeSH terms: Neoplasms/drug therapy*
  13. Karanth KL, Sathish N
    Med J Malaysia, 2010 Sep;65(3):204-8.
    PMID: 21939169
    Caesarean section is a common operation and the best postoperative outcomes are desired. Surgical techniques have been devised or modified to reduce operative and post operative discomfort. Many studies have evaluated or compared the Joel-Cohen abdominal incision with Pfannenstiel incision and found the former to be superior for various reasons such as less postoperative febrile morbidity, less analgesia requirements, shorter operating time, less intra operative blood loss and adhesion formation, reduction in hospital stay and wound infection in the group undergoing Caesarean section by this technique. This study is to find whether better postoperative outcomes of the Joel-Cohen incision group can be justified by the explanations of fundamentals of the basic sciences. Literature was reviewed for randomized clinical trials and review articles comparing the different kinds of abdominal incisions for Caesarean section. The study revealed that the Joel-Cohen method was beneficial. The fundamentals of basic sciences were studied to try to find an explanation to the enumerated advantages of the Joel-Cohen procedure; attributing to the differences in the techniques used.
    Matched MeSH terms: Pain, Postoperative/drug therapy
  14. Letchuman GR, Wan Nazaimoon WM, Wan Mohamad WB, Chandran LR, Tee GH, Jamaiyah H, et al.
    Med J Malaysia, 2010 Sep;65(3):180-6.
    PMID: 21939164 MyJurnal
    The Malaysian National Health Morbidity Survey III (NHMS III), conducted in 2006, was a cross-sectional household survey of the prevalence of chronic diseases, involving 34,539 respondents of age > or =18 years old, in all states of Malaysia. Data collection was by face-to-face interview. Those who self-professed not to be diabetics underwent finger-prick glucose test following at least 8 hours of fasting. The overall prevalence of diabetes mellitus (known and newly diagnosed) was 11.6%. The Indians had the highest prevalence of 19.9% followed by Malays 11.9% and Chinese 11.4%. The prevalence of people with known diabetes and newly diagnosed diabetes was 7.0% and 4.5% respectively. Impaired Fasting Glycaemia was found to be 4.2%. Majority (73.5%) of the patients used government healthcare facilities for their diabetic care. Usage of insulin alone or in combination was low at 7.2% of patients. Only 45.05% of known diabetics have ever had their eye examined. Amputees formed 4.3% of the patients with known diabetes while 3.4% had suffered a stroke event and 1.6% was on some form of renal replacement therapy.
    Study name: National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS-2006)
    Matched MeSH terms: Diabetes Mellitus/drug therapy
  15. Jalil MA, Suwanpayak N, Kulsirirat K, Suttirak S, Ali J, Yupapin PP
    Int J Nanomedicine, 2011;6:2925-32.
    PMID: 22131837 DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S26266
    A novel nanomicro syringe system was proposed for drug storage and delivery using a PANDA ring resonator and atomic buffer. A PANDA ring is a modified optical add/drop filter, named after the well known Chinese bear. In principle, the molecule/drug is trapped by the force generated by different combinations of gradient fields and scattering photons within the PANDA ring. A nanomicro needle system can be formed by optical vortices in the liquid core waveguide which can be embedded on a chip, and can be used for long-term treatment. By using intense optical vortices, the required genes/molecules can be trapped and transported dynamically to the intended destinations via the nanomicro syringe, which is available for drug delivery to target tissues, in particular tumors. The advantage of the proposed system is that by confining the treatment area, the effect can be decreased. The use of different optical vortices for therapeutic efficiency is also discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Neoplasms/drug therapy
  16. Teh CL, Cheong YK, Ling HN, Chan PL, Chan T, Ling GR
    Rheumatol Int, 2013 Apr;33(4):1079-82.
    PMID: 22101556 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-011-2245-8
    We performed a prospective study of all patients diagnosed with gout and who received treatment in Sarawak General Hospital from 1 July 2010 to 31 December 2010. There was a total of 138 patients in our study of which 92 (66.7%) were from the indigenous populations. They have a mean age of 56.5 ± 12.5 years with a mean duration of illness of 11.6 ± 8.7 years. The mean lag time between symptom onset to the diagnosis of gout was 2.8 ± 4.8 years and a mean lag time to appropriate treatment of gout of 8.8 ± 8.4 years. Sixty-six (47.8%) patients have family history of gout. The common complications of gout in our patients were tophi (47.1%), joint deformities (39.1%), kidney stones (16.7%), and uric acid nephropathy (0.7%). Hospitalization occurred in 93 (67.4%) patients. Gout is a serious medical problem in our centre. Gout affects middle-aged men, especially the indigenous populations. Almost half of our patients have a family history of gout and have tophi formations. Our gout patients have a significant delay in diagnosis and appropriate treatment, thus contributing to more complications and hospitalizations in our centre. There is an urgent need to educate both patients and healthcare workers on gout and its treatment to reduce the burden of chronic gout in Sarawak.
    Matched MeSH terms: Gout/drug therapy
  17. Lam SK, Burke D, Capeding MR, Chong CK, Coudeville L, Farrar J, et al.
    Vaccine, 2011 Nov 28;29(51):9417-22.
    PMID: 21864627 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.08.047
    Infection with dengue virus is a major public health problem in the Asia-Pacific region and throughout tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world. Vaccination represents a major opportunity to control dengue and several candidate vaccines are in development. Experts in dengue and in vaccine introduction gathered for a two day meeting during which they examined the challenges inherent to the introduction of a dengue vaccine into the national immunisation programmes of countries of the Asia-Pacific. The aim was to develop a series of recommendations to reduce the delay between vaccine licensure and vaccine introduction. Major recommendations arising from the meeting included: ascertaining and publicising the full burden and cost of dengue; changing the perception of dengue in non-endemic countries to help generate global support for dengue vaccination; ensuring high quality active surveillance systems and diagnostics; and identifying sustainable sources of funding, both to support vaccine introduction and to maintain the vaccination programme. The attendees at the meeting were in agreement that with the introduction of an effective vaccine, dengue is a disease that could be controlled, and that in order to ensure a vaccine is introduced as rapidly as possible, there is a need to start preparing now.
    Matched MeSH terms: Dengue/drug therapy
  18. Ho CC, Tan HM
    Curr Urol Rep, 2011 Dec;12(6):470-8.
    PMID: 21948222 DOI: 10.1007/s11934-011-0217-x
    Herbal medicine long has been used in the management of sexual dysfunction, including erectile dysfunction. Many patients have attested to the efficacy of this treatment. However, is it evidence-based medicine? Studies have been done on animal models, mainly in the laboratory. However, randomized controlled trials on humans are scarce. The only herbal medications that have been studied for erectile dysfunction are Panax ginseng, Butea superba, Epimedium herbs (icariin), Tribulus terrestris, Securidaca longipedunculata, Piper guineense, and yohimbine. Of these, only Panax ginseng, B. superb, and yohimbine have published studies done on humans. Unfortunately, these published trials on humans were not robust. Many herbal therapies appear to have potential benefits, and similarly, the health risks of various phytotherapeutic compounds need to be elucidated. Properly designed human trials should be worked out and encouraged to determine the efficacy and safety of potential phytotherapies.
    Matched MeSH terms: Erectile Dysfunction/drug therapy*
  19. Tambi MI, Imran MK, Henkel RR
    Andrologia, 2012 May;44 Suppl 1:226-30.
    PMID: 21671978 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0272.2011.01168.x
    In most countries, millions of people are relying on herbal medicines as remedy for numerous ailments. In South-East Asia, Eurycoma longifolia Jack, also known as 'Malaysian ginseng' or Tongkat ali, is used to combat stress and disease and to improve physical strength. Moreover, the compounds of the roots of this plant are reported to have aphrodisiac and testosterone enhancing effects in the rat. Considering that human studies are not available, 76 of 320 patients suffering from late-onset hypogonadism (LOH) were given 200 mg of a standardised water-soluble extract of Tongkat ali for 1 month. The Ageing Males' Symptoms (AMS) according to the standardised rating scale and the serum testosterone concentration were taken. Results show that treatment of LOH patients with this Tongkat ali extract significantly (P < 0.0001) improved the AMS score as well as the serum testosterone concentration. While before treatment only 10.5% of the patients did not show any complaint according to the AMS scale and 35.5% had normal testosterone levels, after the completed treatment 71.7% and 90.8% of the patients showed normal values, respectively. Thus, Tongkat ali extract appears to be useful as a supplement in overcoming the symptoms of LOH and for the management of hypogonadism.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hypogonadism/drug therapy*
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