Displaying publications 101 - 120 of 172 in total

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  1. Fulltext Prebiopsy localization of nonpalpable breast lesions
    Zulfiqar A, Param V, Meah FA, Nair S, Siti-Aishah MA, Norizan A
    Med J Malaysia, 1993 Sep;48(3):317-24.
    PMID: 8183145
    Radiologically guided localization procedures are indicated pre-operatively when breast lesions are nonpalpable. The results of 42 percutaneous hookwire localizations over a period of 3 years are described. Of the total, 7 (17%) were found to be malignant. Biopsy was indicated by mammographically detected mass in 48%, by microcalcifications in 40% and by microcalcifications with an associated mass in 12%.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mammography
  2. Fulltext Effect of compressed breast thickness on average glandular dose (AGD) during screening mammography using full-field digital mammography (FFDM)
    Nur Izzati Najwa Suliman, Rafidah Supar, Hairenanorashikin Sharip
    Journal of Academia Universiti Teknologi MARA Negeri Sembilan, 2020;8(1):34-44.
    MyJurnal
    Application of compression during mammography is crucial to reduce breast thickness and reducing
    average glandular dose (AGD). With increasing participation in regular breast screening programmes, the
    total AGD received by patient remains a concern. Therefore, this paper aimed to evaluate the effect of
    compressed breast thickness (CBT) on the AGD during screening mammography using full field digital
    mammogram (FFDM). This study involved retrospective collection of mammographic data and reports
    from 148 women who came for screening mammography. Mammographic parameters which include
    CBT, AGD, compression force and breast density for both breast on craniocaudal (CC) view and
    mediolateral oblique (MLO) view were recorded and analysed. There was statistically significant
    variation in the mammographic parameters value between CC and MLO projections but no significant
    variation between right and left breasts. For CC projection, a weak positive correlation was identified
    between CBT and AGD (r=0.115, p=0.049) and between CBT and compression force (r=0.172, p=0.003).
    In addition, a weak positive correlation was also found between CBT and compression force (r=0.200,
    p=0.001) and between CBT and AGD (r=0.292, p
    Matched MeSH terms: Mammography
  3. Role of contrast-enhanced spectral mammography in the post biopsy management of B3 lesions: Preliminary results
    Bicchierai G, Nori J, De Benedetto D, Boeri C, Vanzi E, Bianchi S, et al.
    Tumori, 2019 Oct;105(5):378-387.
    PMID: 30558495 DOI: 10.1177/0300891618816212
    PURPOSE: To evaluate the role of contrast-enhanced spectral mammography (CESM) in the post biopsy management of breast lesions classified as lesions of uncertain malignant potential (B3) by core needle biopsy and vacuum-assisted biopsy (VAB).

    METHODS: The local ethics committee approved this retrospective study and for this type of study formal consent is not required. A total of 42 B3 lesions in 40 women aged 41-77 years were included in our study. All patients underwent CESM 2-3 weeks after the biopsy procedure and surgical excision was subsequently performed within 60 days of the CESM procedure. Three radiologists reviewed the images independently. The results were then compared with histologic findings.

    RESULTS: The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values for confirmed demonstration of malignancy at CESM were 33.3%, 87.2%, 16.7%, and 94.4% for reader 1; 66.7%, 76.9%, 18.2%, and 96.7% for reader 2; 66.7%, 74.4%, 16.7%, and 96.7% for reader 3. Overall agreement on detection of malignant lesions using CESM among readers ranged from moderate to substantial (κ = .451-.696), for categorization of BPE from moderate to substantial (κ = .562-.711), and for evaluation of lesion intensity enhancement from fair to moderate (κ = .346-.459).

    CONCLUSION: In cases of Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) 1, BI-RADS 2, or BI-RADS 3 results at CESM, follow-up or VAB rather than surgical biopsy might be performed.

    Matched MeSH terms: Mammography
  4. Fulltext Level of knowledge and perceived barriers of mammography among female lecturers in Kulliyyah of Allied Health Sciences (KAHS), IIUM Kuantan, Pahang
    Fatin Amirah Burhanuddin, Moey Soo Foon
    International Journal of Allied Health Sciences, 2018;2(2):319-338.
    MyJurnal
    Breast cancer is commonest disease amongst women throughout the world and the second leading cause of women’s death. Since 2014, it was reported that approximately 5000 women
    were diagnosed with breast cancer every year in Malaysia. Adoption of mammography screening
    amongst Malaysian women remains under-utilized because it depends on self-initiatives of
    individuals. Amongst the perceived barriers are low knowledge, cost, embarrassment and pain which may then give a negative psychological aspect to health behavior actions. The study aims to determine the level of knowledge and perceived barriers pertaining to mammography amongst female lecturers in Kulliyah of Allied Health Sciences (KAHS), International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM) Kuantan, Pahang. Methods: A survey was carried out on female lecturers aged 35 years and above in KAHS, IIUM Kuantan. A self-administered questionnaire which consists of three sections; demographic factors, knowledge about breast cancer and perceived barriers pertaining to
    mammography were distributed to 30 respondents. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 19.0.
    Results: The mean age of respondents was 39.9 years old (SD ± 5.15). Majority of respondents possessed good knowledge of breast cancer. The perceived barriers pertaining to mammography amongst respondents were pain and the procedure being expensive. Conclusions: This study found that most female lecturers in KAHS, IIUM Kuantan possessed good knowledge on breast cancer but have fair knowledge pertaining to breast lumps and the best time for breast screening. The perceived barriers amongst respondents were pain and cost of the procedure.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mammography
  5. Fear of negative appearance evaluation and attitude towards mammography: Moderating role of internal health locus of control,cancer worry and age
    Pahlevan Sharif S, Ahadzadeh AS, Ong FS, Naghavi N
    Health Promot Perspect, 2020;10(3):220-229.
    PMID: 32802758 DOI: 10.34172/hpp.2020.35
    Background: Mammography screening tends to reduce mortality rate through early detection. One of the barriers to mammography screening is fear of negative appearance evaluation(FNAE). This study investigated the impact of internal health locus of control, breast cancer worries and age on the relationship between FNAE and attitude towards mammography. Methods: A cross-sectional, questionnaire-based survey design was used. Samples were Iranian women, living in Iran, aged at least 30 years old, without any history of cancer, and had not performed mammography previously based on self-report. In total, 823 samples were collected through conducting an online survey from April to June 2016. The questionnaire consisted of several instruments including attitude toward breast cancer screening procedures scale, FNAEscale, the internal dimension of the multidimensional health locus of control, and two items to measure breast cancer worry. Using covariance-based structural equation modeling the model was tested. Results: The interaction of FNAE with internal health locus of control (β = -0.128, P<0.05,CI: -0.200, -0.056), breast cancer worry (β = 0.090, P<0.05, CI: -0.162, -0.017), and age (β =-0.095, P<0.05, CI = -0.163, -0.026) was significant. The three tested moderators dampened the positive relationship between FNAE and negative attitude towards mammography. Conclusion: More information about the screening procedure should be given to women to overcome their fear. The findings indicate the need for interventions seeking to shift women's health locus of control from external to internal. Women with low level of cancer worry need more attention.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mammography
  6. Fulltext Interpretation time for screening mammography as a function of the number of computer-aided detection marks
    Schwartz TM, Hillis SL, Sridharan R, Lukyanchenko O, Geiser W, Whitman GJ, et al.
    J Med Imaging (Bellingham), 2020 Mar;7(2):022408.
    PMID: 32042859 DOI: 10.1117/1.JMI.7.2.022408
    Purpose: Computer-aided detection (CAD) alerts radiologists to findings potentially associated with breast cancer but is notorious for creating false-positive marks. Although a previous paper found that radiologists took more time to interpret mammograms with more CAD marks, our impression was that this was not true in actual interpretation. We hypothesized that radiologists would selectively disregard these marks when present in larger numbers. Approach: We performed a retrospective review of bilateral digital screening mammograms. We use a mixed linear regression model to assess the relationship between number of CAD marks and ln (interpretation time) after adjustment for covariates. Both readers and mammograms were treated as random sampling units. Results: Ten radiologists, with median experience after residency of 12.5 years (range 6 to 24) interpreted 1832 mammograms. After accounting for number of images, Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System category, and breast density, the number of CAD marks was positively associated with longer interpretation time, with each additional CAD mark proportionally increasing median interpretation time by 4.35% for a typical reader. Conclusions: We found no support for our hypothesis that radiologists will selectively disregard CAD marks when they are present in larger numbers.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mammography
  7. Fulltext The Relationship between Type of Music and Anxiety Level among Malaysian Women during Mammography
    Mohd Zain, N., Ab Malek, N. N. F., Che Mut, N. A. I., Mohd Norsuddin, N., Abdullah Suhaimi, S. A., Ahmad Dahari, M., et al.
    Physics and Technology in Medicine, 2020;1(2):7-12.
    MyJurnal
    Music is one of the suggested interventions that can reduce stress caused by pain from mammography procedures. The different types of music might affect the anxiety level during a mammogram screening. Thus, the study aimed to determine the anxiety level of women who underwent mammogram screening according to different types of music. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 60 women by using the purposive sampling technique in the radiology department at randomly selected private hospitals in Klang Valley from November 2018 to November 2019. Respondents were randomly divided based on the day of mammogram screening into two groups; namely slow and upbeat music. Descriptive analysis was used to determine the anxiety level for each group and T-test analysis was used to compare the significance of anxiety level between both groups. A total of 60 respondents had participated in this study with a total of 30 (50.0%) respondents allocated in slow music, while another 30 (50.0%) respondents were allocated in upbeat music. Patients who underwent mammography screening while listening to slow music had a high anxiety level (70.0%) as compared to upbeat music group (63.3%). There was no significant effect for music, t (60) = -0.54, p = 0.59, despite slow music (M = 1.70, SD = 0.47) attaining higher anxiety level than the upbeat music (M = 1.63, SD = 0.49). Upbeat music has the potential in reducing the anxiety level of women undergoing mammography screening.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mammography
  8. Fulltext Thermal profiling Analysis for Asymmetrically Embedded Tumour with Different Breast Densities
    Laila Fadhillah Ulta Delestri, Kenshiro Ito, Gan Hong Seng, Muhammad Faiz Md Shakhih, Asnida Abdul Wahab
    Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2020;16(108):6-12.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Detecting breast cancer at earlier stage is crucial to increase the survival rate. Mammography as the golden screening tool has shown to be less effective for younger women due to denser breast tissue. Infrared Ther- mography has been touted as an adjunct modality to mammography. Further investigation of thermal distribution in breast cancer patient is important prior to its clinical interpretation. Therefore, thermal profiling using 3D compu- tational simulation was carried out to understand the effect of changes in size and location of tumour embedded in breast to the surface temperature distribution at different breast densities. Methods: Extremely dense (ED) and pre- dominantly fatty dense (PF) breast models were developed and simulated using finite element analysis (FEA). Pennes’ bioheat equation was adapted to show the heat transfer mechanism by providing appropriate thermophysical prop- erties in each tissue layer. 20 case studies with various tumour size embedded at two asymmetrical positions in the breast models were analysed. Quantitative and qualitative analyses were performed by recording the temperature values along the arc of breast, calculating of temperature difference at the peaks and comparing multiple thermal images. Results: Bigger size of tumour demands a larger increase in breast surface temperatures. As tumour is located far from the centre of the breast or near to the edge, there was a greater shift of temperature peak. Conclusion: Size and location of tumour in various levels of breast density should be considered as a notable factor to thermal profile on breast when using thermography for early breast cancer detection.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mammography
  9. Fulltext Foundation and methodologies in computer-aided diagnosis systems for breast cancer detection
    Jalalian A, Mashohor S, Mahmud R, Karasfi B, Saripan MIB, Ramli ARB
    EXCLI J, 2017;16:113-137.
    PMID: 28435432 DOI: 10.17179/excli2016-701
    Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer that affects women all over the world. Early detection and treatment of breast cancer could decline the mortality rate. Some issues such as technical reasons, which related to imaging quality and human error, increase misdiagnosis of breast cancer by radiologists. Computer-aided detection systems (CADs) are developed to overcome these restrictions and have been studied in many imaging modalities for breast cancer detection in recent years. The CAD systems improve radiologists' performance in finding and discriminating between the normal and abnormal tissues. These procedures are performed only as a double reader but the absolute decisions are still made by the radiologist. In this study, the recent CAD systems for breast cancer detection on different modalities such as mammography, ultrasound, MRI, and biopsy histopathological images are introduced. The foundation of CAD systems generally consist of four stages: Pre-processing, Segmentation, Feature extraction, and Classification. The approaches which applied to design different stages of CAD system are summarised. Advantages and disadvantages of different segmentation, feature extraction and classification techniques are listed. In addition, the impact of imbalanced datasets in classification outcomes and appropriate methods to solve these issues are discussed. As well as, performance evaluation metrics for various stages of breast cancer detection CAD systems are reviewed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mammography
  10. Fulltext A New Diagnostic Approach in the Detection of Breast Carcinoma: Electrical Impedance Measurement with TransScan TS 2000
    Amran, A.R., Fatimah, M.
    International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2007;6(2):1-11.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Mammography is commonly regarded as the single most important tool for screening and for early detection of breast cancer. However it is not generally recommended for women under 40 years of age and in those taking hormone replacement therapy as the increased density of the breast parenchyma may make mammography more difficult to read and interpret. The limitations of mammography have spurred attempts to find new techniques that can be used either separately or in conjunction with mammography. Purpose: The aim of this study was to quantify the clinical value of using electrical impedance scanning (EIS) or Trans Scan as an adjunct to mammography in order to identify cancerous tissue based upon its inherent altered local dielectric properties. Methods and Materials: The patients were examined using Trans Scan (Trans Scan Medical, Ltd., distributed by Siemens AG. The study population was derived from patients with suspicious breast lesions categorized as BIRADS 3 or 4 detected during mammography or ultrasound. Results: Fifty-three women with 53 mammographically and/or sonographically suspicious findings were examined using EIS. With respect to the histopathological findings (15 malignant and 38 benign lesions) 13 of 15 (86.6% sensitivity) malignant lesions were correctly identified using EIS whereas, 33 of 38 (81.5% specificity) benign lesions were correctly identified. Negative and positive predictive values of 93.9% and 65% were observed respectively. Two benign lesions were correctly identified in a dense breast. The smallest lesion detected in this study measured 20 x 14 mm, which was an infiltrating ductal carcinoma. Conclusion: Electrical impedance scanning as an adjunct to mammography or ultrasound in classifying suspicious lesions is promising because it increases the sensitivity for cancer detection and may reduce biopsy of equivocal lesions. The additional use of EIS with negative predictive value of 93.9% may be useful to exclude some benign lesions from further diagnostic or invasive procedures. Artifacts, such as signals from superficial skin lesions, poor contact and bubbles are currently a limitation
    Matched MeSH terms: Mammography
  11. Fulltext The health beliefs and practice among an institute’s female staff population regarding pap smear, breast self-examination and mammography screening
    Aishah Knight, A.S.
    Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine, 2007;7(2):15-22.
    MyJurnal
    Cancer screening is an important part of any cancer control program and the success of any screening program is partly dependent on having large numbers of the high risk population availing themselves of the service. The purpose of this study was to assess the cancer screening behavior of fulbtime employed women staff of an institute of higher learning using the Health Belief Model (HBM) construct. The results showed that the rate of reported regular cancer screening behavior (Pap smear screening, breast self examination (BSE), clinical breast examination (CBE) and mammography screening) were low. The rates for regular screening were 42.5% (Pap smear), 20.9% (BSE), 15.5% (CBE) and 9.4% (mammography). There were differences in the dimensions of the HBM between the women who reported regular screening and those that did not. The perceived barriers", "perceived benefits” and “motivation” dimensions were different in Pap smear screening, whereas the "confidence” dimension was different in BSE. Recommendations were made for a health education program targeting both women and men to increase uptake of cancer screening services by women.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mammography
  12. Fulltext Breast self examination: to do or not to do?
    Leelavathi, M., Yasmin, S.A.K., Gomez, P.A., Aznida, F.A.A.
    Medicine & Health, 2006;1(1):1-4.
    MyJurnal
    This is a retrospective descriptive study done to look at common presentation and method of detection of breast cancer. A total of 366 case records of patients attending the Breast and Endocrine Clinic at Hospital Kuala Lumpur were reviewed. The peak age of breast cancer presentation was 40 to 49 years (39.6%). Most (81.4%) patients presented with a lump in the breast and the lump was mainly self-detected (97.3%). The mean tumour diameter on presentation was 4.7± 3 cm. Medical staff detected the disease in 1.6% cases and 1.1% of cases were detected by mammogram. Most women detected the lump themselves, suggesting that Breast Self Examination (BSE) can be used for detection of the disease in places where there is cost and availability constrains for mammogram. Early detection with BSE can possibly offer better treatment options and quality of life despite the evidence that it does not reduce the mortality due to breast cancer.
     
    Study site: Breast and Endocrine Clinic at Hospital Kuala Lumpur
    Matched MeSH terms: Mammography
  13. Fulltext Breast Cancer Screening in Semi-Rural Malaysia: Utilisation and Barriers
    Mohan D, Su TT, Donnelly M, Hoe WMK, Schliemann D, Tan MM, et al.
    Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2021 11 23;18(23).
    PMID: 34886015 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182312293
    Breast cancer (BC) is the commonest cancer in Malaysia. Delayed diagnosis is a significant cause of BC mortality in the country. Early diagnosis and screening are vital strategies in mortality reduction. This study assessed the level of utilisation and barriers for breast self-examination (BSE), clinical breast examination (CBE) and mammogram in a semi-rural population in Malaysia and compared these across the different ethnic groups. This cross-sectional study was conducted among women aged 40 years and above, embedded within a health and demographic surveillance site (HDSS) in Segamat, Malaysia. Trained data collectors collected data on screening and barriers during home visits. Study participants (n = 250) were aged 59.4 ± 10.9 years and represented Malaysia's three major ethnic groups. Practice of regular BSE, CBE uptake (ever) and mammogram (ever) was 23.2%, 36% and 22.4%, respectively. Regular BSE practice was highest in the Malay ethnic group and least among the Chinese. Regular CBE was very low in all ethnic groups (<5%). Mammogram uptake was highest among Chinese (34.4%), followed by Indians (30.4%) and Malays (16.6%). After adjusting for other socio-demographic variables, Malay ethnicity was positively associated with regular BSE (adjusted OR = 5.26, 95% CI 2.05, 13.50) and negatively associated with having had a mammogram (adjusted OR = 0.3, 95% CI 0.15, 0.57). Lower education was negatively associated (adjusted OR = 0.36, 95% CI 0.17, 0.74) with mammogram attendance (ever). Emotional and financial barriers were the most reported types of barriers, specifically, fear of diagnosis (74.8%), cost of diagnosis (69.6%) and fear of losing a breast (66.4%). Malay women more commonly reported most barriers compared to other ethnic groups. Screening uptake was low among semi-rural women in Malaysia. Implementing culturally appropriate interventions that consider ethnic differences is crucial to empowering women to engage in BC screening initiatives in these communities.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mammography
  14. Women's health beliefs and uptake of breast cancer screening in Malaysia
    Htay MNN, Dahlui M, Schliemann D, Loh SY, Ibrahim Tamin NSB, Somasundaram S, et al.
    Eur J Cancer Care (Engl), 2022 Sep;31(5):e13675.
    PMID: 35946147 DOI: 10.1111/ecc.13675
    OBJECTIVES: This study investigated women's health beliefs, the use of breast cancer (BC) screening services, and the factors that potentially influence uptake of screening.

    METHODS: Face-to-face interviews were conducted with a randomly selected community sample of 992 women (>40 years old) in Selangor State, Malaysia.

    RESULTS: Approximately 35% of women received a clinical breast examination (CBE) and 27% had a mammogram within the last 1 to 2 years. The regression analyses indicated that Chinese ethnicity has higher perceived susceptibility to BC compared to Malay ethnicity (mean 7.74, SD: 2.75; 95% CI 0.09, 1.03) whilst a lower perceived susceptibility was observed in women aged ≥70 years (mean 6.67, SD: 3.01; 95% CI -1.66, -0.24) compared to women aged 40-49 years. Indian Malaysian women (mean 16.87, SD: 2.59; 95% CI 0.12, 1.01) and women who had received a CBE (mean 16.10, SD:2.35; 95% CI 0.18, 0.89) were more likely to have higher perceived benefits scoring. Indian ethnicity, secondary education and tertiary education, top 20% income group, past history of CBE and mammogram uptake were significantly associated with lower barriers scoring.

    CONCLUSIONS: There is a need to target BC screening uptake improvement programmes towards communities in which women experience disadvantages related to income, education, employment, and, in particular, to tailor programmes to take into consideration differences between ethnic groups regarding their beliefs about cancer screening.

    Matched MeSH terms: Mammography
  15. Application of Semi-supervised Fuzzy Clustering Based on Knowledge Weighting and Cluster Center Learning to Mammary Molybdenum Target Image Segmentation
    Peng P, Wu D, Huang LJ, Wang J, Zhang L, Wu Y, et al.
    Interdiscip Sci, 2024 Mar;16(1):39-57.
    PMID: 37486420 DOI: 10.1007/s12539-023-00580-0
    Breast cancer is commonly diagnosed with mammography. Using image segmentation algorithms to separate lesion areas in mammography can facilitate diagnosis by doctors and reduce their workload, which has important clinical significance. Because large, accurately labeled medical image datasets are difficult to obtain, traditional clustering algorithms are widely used in medical image segmentation as an unsupervised model. Traditional unsupervised clustering algorithms have limited learning knowledge. Moreover, some semi-supervised fuzzy clustering algorithms cannot fully mine the information of labeled samples, which results in insufficient supervision. When faced with complex mammography images, the above algorithms cannot accurately segment lesion areas. To address this, a semi-supervised fuzzy clustering based on knowledge weighting and cluster center learning (WSFCM_V) is presented. According to prior knowledge, three learning modes are proposed: a knowledge weighting method for cluster centers, Euclidean distance weights for unlabeled samples, and learning from the cluster centers of labeled sample sets. These strategies improve the clustering performance. On real breast molybdenum target images, the WSFCM_V algorithm is compared with currently popular semi-supervised and unsupervised clustering algorithms. WSFCM_V has the best evaluation index values. Experimental results demonstrate that compared with the existing clustering algorithms, WSFCM_V has a higher segmentation accuracy than other clustering algorithms, both for larger lesion regions like tumor areas and for smaller lesion areas like calcification point areas.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mammography
  16. Fulltext Role of scintimammography in the diagnosis of breast cancer
    Das BK, Biswal BM, Bhavaraju M
    Malays J Med Sci, 2006 Jan;13(1):52-7.
    PMID: 22589591 MyJurnal
    X-ray mammography has been the backbone of early detection of breast cancer. Several large scale systematic studies have shown that judicious use of X-ray mammography can indeed save life. However, though reasonably sensitive, X-ray mammography lacks in specificity leading to many unnecessary biopsies. Scintimammography is a relatively new imaging method to demonstrate cancer tissue in the breast. A radiopharmaceutical agent (Tc-99m Sestamibi) is administered intravenously and images of the breast are taken under a Gamma Camera. There is no need for any manipulation like compression of the breast as required to be done during mammography. The radiopharmaceutical accumulates in the breast in the presence of cancer tissue which can easily be seen in the images. The affinity of the cancer tissue to this radiopharmaceutical is up to 9 times in comparison to normal breast tissue. Several multi centric studies with blinded image interpretation have established the sensitivity and specificity of scintimammography to be above 85 and 90 % respectively as compared to 89 and 14 % respectively for X-ray mammography. The positive and negative predictive values of scintimamography are 70 and 83 % as against 49 and 57 % respectively for X-ray mammography. With the increasing availability of Nuclear Medicine facilities it is expected that more and more patients will benefi with the use of this new imaging modality .
    Matched MeSH terms: Mammography
  17. Fulltext Mammography screening uptake among hospital personnel in Kuala Lumpur tertiary hospital
    Abdullah NN, Aziz NA, Rampal S, Al-Sadat N
    Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2011;12(10):2643-7.
    PMID: 22320967
    BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women in Malaysia. Of the total cancer cases registered in the National Cancer Registry for 2006, 3,525 were female breast cancer cases. The overall age standardized rate was 39.3 per 100,000 population in 2006. An estimated 30%-40% were diagnosed in the late stages and this had resulted in poor survival rates. The purpose of the study was to determine the factors and barriers related to mammography screening uptake among hospital personnel.

    METHODS: This mixed method explanatory study was carried out on a universal sampling of 707 female personnel aged 40 and above, from June 2007 until November 2007. The study was conducted at University Malaya Medical Centre, a tertiary hospital in Kuala Lumpur. Pre-tested self-administered questionnaires were mailed to eligible personnel.

    RESULTS: The prevalence of mammography screening uptake was 80.3% (95%CI: 76.8%,83.5%) among 534 respondents. Personnel who had physician recommendation had significantly higher odds of mammography screening uptake compared to those who did not have recommendation, adjusted odds ratio of 21.25 (95%CI:12.71,36.56). Reported barriers can be grouped into several themes; negative perception of the procedure like embarrassment due to the presence of male technicians/radiographers; low confidence with radiologist/radiographers in detecting abnormality; lack of coping skills in dealing with expected results and pain during procedure.

    CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study highlighted that 20% of personnel did not undertake mammography screening although there is no cost incurred and the procedure is fully accessible to them. Opportunistic recommendation by physician and concerns on the procedure should be addressed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mammography/utilization*
  18. Fulltext Predictors of breast cancer screening uptake: a pre intervention community survey in Malaysia
    Dahlui M, Gan DE, Taib NA, Pritam R, Lim J
    Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2012;13(7):3443-9.
    PMID: 22994775
    INTRODUCTION: Despite health education efforts to educate women on breast cancer and breast cancer screening modalities, the incidence of breast cancer and presentation at an advanced stage are still a problem in Malaysia.

    OBJECTIVES: To determine factors associated with the uptake of breast cancer screening among women in the general population.

    METHODS: This pre-intervention survey was conducted in a suburban district. All households were approached and women aged 20 to 60 years old were interviewed with pre-tested guided questionnaires. Variables collected included socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge on breast cancer and screening practice of breast cancer. Univariate and multivariate analysis were performed.

    RESULTS: 41.5% of a total of 381 respondents scored above average; the mean knowledge score on causes and risks factors of breast cancer was 3.41 out of 5 (SD1.609). 58.5% had ever practiced BSE with 32.5% performing it at regular monthly intervals. Uptake of CBE by nurses and by doctors was 40.7% and 37.3%, respectively. Mammogram uptake was 14.6%. Significant predictors of BSE were good knowledge of breast cancer (OR=2.654, 95% CI: 1.033-6.816), being married (OR=2.213, 95% CI: 1.201-4.076) and attending CBE (OR=1.729, 95% CI: 1.122-2.665). Significant predictors for CBE included being married (OR=2.161, 95% CI: 1.174-3.979), good knowledge of breast cancer (OR=2.286, 95% CI: 1.012-5.161), and social support for breast cancer screening (OR=2.312, 95% CI: 1.245-4.293). Women who had CBE were more likely to undergo mammographic screening of the breast (OR=5.744, 95% CI: 2.112-15.623), p<0.005.

    CONCLUSION: CBE attendance is a strong factor in promoting BSE and mammography, educating women on the importance of breast cancer screening and on how to conduct BSE. The currently opportunistic conduct of CBE should be extended to active calling of women for CBE.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mammography/methods
  19. Fulltext The usage and knowledge of mammography among women in sub-urban area in Terengganu, Malaysia
    Rosmawati NH
    Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2010;11(3):767-71.
    PMID: 21039051
    INTRODUCTION: Breast cancer is the leading cancer in women today and the major challenge is late presentation then later contributes to poor outcome and high fatality rate. Mammography is effective in early detection of breast cancer and consequently significantly improves the breast cancer survival.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study was used to study the knowledge and awareness towards mammogram amongst women aged 15 years old and above. A systemic random sampling was applied and information gathered through guided interview by using a structured questionnaire.

    RESULTS: Eighty-six respondents were recruited. The mean age of respondents was 40.5 years (SD: 15.51) and more than 80% had secondary and tertiary level of education. The percentage of respondents ever performed mammogram was 10.5% (95% CI: 4.0%-17.0%). The rate of correct answers was between 8.1% and 48.8%. Most of the respondents do not sure the answer (45.3%-61.6%) rather than wrongly answer (4.7%-43.0%). Only about 8% truly answer that mammogram should be done once in a life. There are 10.5% of women claimed that mammogram had no serious side effect and not a painful procedure. Nearly half of respondents (48.8%) correctly mentioned that Mammogram can detect breast cancer in early stage.

    CONCLUSION: Only a small percentage of women ever performed mammogram and there are seriously unaware and poor knowledge pertaining to mammography screening for breast cancer among women in sub urban area. A massive health education campaign through multiple methods and agencies are needed to enhance the knowledge and awareness on mammogram.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mammography/utilization*
  20. Fulltext Does performance of breast self-exams increase the probability of using mammography: evidence from Malaysia
    Dunn RA, Tan A, Samad I
    Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2010;11(2):417-21.
    PMID: 20843127
    OBJECTIVES: Breast self-examination (BSE) was evaluated to see if it is a significant predictor of mammography.

    METHODS: The decisions of females above age 40 in Malaysia to test for breast cancer using BSE and mammography are jointly modeled using a bivariate probit so that unobserved attributes affecting mammography usage are also allowed to affect BSE. Data come from the Malaysia Non-Communicable Disease Surveillance-1, which was collected between September 2005 and February 2006.

    RESULTS: Having ever performed BSE is positively associated with having ever undergone mammography among Malay (adjusted OR=7.343, CI=2.686, 20.079) and Chinese (adjusted OR=3.466, CI=1.330, 9.031) females after adjusting for household income, education, marital status and residential location. Neither relationship is affected by jointly modelling the decision problem. Although the association is also positive for Indian females when mammography is modelled separately (adjusted OR=5.959, CI=1.546 - 22.970), the relationship is reversed when both decisions are modelled separately.

    CONCLUSIONS: De-emphasizing BSE in Malaysia may reduce mammography screening among a large proportion of the population. Previous work on the issue in developed countries may not apply to nations with limited resources.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mammography/utilization*
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