Displaying publications 101 - 120 of 149 in total

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  1. Fulltext Steroid therapy in obstructive airway diseases
    Zainudin BMZ
    Respirology, 1997 Mar;2(1):17-31.
    PMID: 9424402 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1843.1997.tb00051.x
    Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are two common illnesses that cause significant morbidity and mortality. Steroids are widely used in both conditions. They act through steroid or glucocorticoid receptors (GR) causing up or down regulation of protein synthesis resulting in an increase in lipocortin 1 and beta 2 adrenergic receptors, and decreased levels and activities of cytokines or cytokine receptors, which reduces the inflammatory process in the airways and decreases bronchial hyperreactivity. Consequently symptoms of airway obstruction are alleviated and lung function is improved. In asthma, steroids have been convincingly shown to be effective in the treatment of both acute exacerbations and chronic condition. In COPD, however, only a subset of patients seem to respond favourably to steroid therapy. Therapeutic trials are therefore recommended before committing to a long-term treatment in order to determine this subset of patients, as no markers of steroid responsiveness can be identified. The inhaled steroids currently available have a good safety profile with significant side effects occurring only occasionally. Such side effects are usually confined to the oropharynx, causing local irritation, candidiasis and dysphonia, which can be easily overcome. Biochemical abnormalities involving bone, adrenal, carbohydrate and lipid profiles have been noted with high doses of inhaled steroids; however, these have no significant clinical effects.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lung Diseases, Obstructive/drug therapy*
  2. Off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting in a high-risk dextrocardia patient: a case report
    Abdullah F, Mazalan SL
    Heart Surg Forum, 2004;7(3):E186-8.
    PMID: 15262598
    We present an interesting but high-risk case of an obese male patient aged 56 years with dextrocardia and a left diaphragmatic hernia. Anterior myocardial infarction was diagnosed in 1994, and the patient later presented with a history of unstable angina. The diagnosis for this chronic smoker was triple-vessel disease, impaired left ventricular function, chronic renal failure, chronic bronchitis, impaired lung function, pulmonary hypertension, hypertension, diabetes, and chronic active gastritis (EuroSCORE of 10). The patient underwent successful off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting with 3 saphenous vein grafts to the left anterior descending, obtuse marginal, and right posterior descending arteries. He was discharged home 8 days later.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lung Diseases/complications*
  3. Life-threatening complications of Henoch-Schönlein purpura: diffuse alveolar haemorrhage, venous thrombosis and bowel ischaemia
    Dhaliwal KK, Lile NA, Tan CL, Lim CH
    BMJ Case Rep, 2020 Sep 29;13(9).
    PMID: 32994270 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2020-235905
    Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) is a common systemic vasculitis occurring in children. Making a diagnosis of HSP is often straightforward, managing its complications can be difficult. Diffuse alveolar haemorrhage (DAH), bowel ischaemia and venous thrombosis are rare complications of this disorder. We present a case of a 15-year-old teenage girl presenting with typical purpuric rash of HSP, developed DAH, bowel ischaemia and venous thrombosis. She was successfully treated with pulse methylprednisolone, intravenous Ig and intravenous cyclophosphamide.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lung Diseases/complications*
  4. Oxygen therapy and pulmonary fibroplasia: a review and case reports
    Chew DT, Yin AL
    Med J Malaya, 1971 Dec;26(2):122-8.
    PMID: 4260858
    Matched MeSH terms: Lung Diseases/etiology*
  5. Ethanol extracts of various helminths in a complement fixation test for eosinophilic lung (tropical eosinophilia)
    Pacheco G, Danaraj TJ
    Am J Trop Med Hyg, 1963 Sep;12(5):745-7.
    PMID: 14070764
    Sera taken fortnightly from fourteen patients with eosinophilic lung (tropical eosinophilia) were tested by complement fixation with ethanol extracts of Dirofilaria immitis, Ascaris lumbricoides, Toxocara canis, Gnathostoma procyonis, Fasciola gigantica and Dipylidium caninum. Initially, sera from ten patients had high antibody titers with each of the extracts while antibodies were not detected in sera from the other four; after treatment with diethylcarbamazine the high titers decreased. It is concluded that the reactions obtained with these various extracts do not indicate infection with any particular helminth.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lung Diseases*
  6. Can dextran-based nanoparticles mitigate inflammatory lung diseases?
    Prasher P, Sharma M, R Wich P, Jha NK, Singh SK, Chellappan DK, et al.
    Future Med Chem, 2021 12;13(23):2027-2031.
    PMID: 34596425 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2021-0218
    Matched MeSH terms: Lung Diseases/drug therapy*
  7. The etiology and pathology of eosinophilic lung (tropical eosinophilia)
    Danaraj TJ, Pacheco G, Shanmugaratnam K, Beaver PC
    Am J Trop Med Hyg, 1966 Mar;15.(2):183-9.
    PMID: 5910525
    The finding of microfilariae in lung tissue from patients with eosinophilic lung is reported and the histopathological appearances are described.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lung Diseases, Parasitic/pathology*
  8. Fulltext The immediate outcome of ventilation for pulmonary diseases
    Yaacob I, Mustafa M
    Singapore Med J, 1994 Oct;35(5):512-4.
    PMID: 7701374
    Fifty-eight patients were ventilated for acute respiratory failure complicating respiratory diseases between 1985 to 1990. There were 19 cases of chronic obstructive airway disease (COAD), 17 cases of asthma, 16 cases of pneumonia and 6 cases with other diagnoses. Overall, 40% of patients survived and were discharged from the ward. Patients with pneumonia had the lowest survival rate (25%) whilst the survival rates for asthma and COAD were 47% and 42% respectively. Increasing age had an inverse relationship to survival rate (r = 0.96, p < 0.05) but the duration of ventilation did not correlate with survival. Patients who were electively ventilated before respiratory arrest had a better chance of survival (57%) compared with only 18% survival rate in patients who were ventilated as an emergency (x2 = 4.47, p < 0.05). Patients who developed other organ failure had higher mortality (71%) than those who did not (22%; x2 = 2.14, p < 0.05). We conclude that patients younger than 50 years of age, who were electively ventilated and without other organ failure had a better immediate survival after assisted ventilation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lung Diseases/complications*
  9. Fulltext Pulmonary sarcoidosis
    Snelling MRJ, Kam CM
    Singapore Med J, 1966 Dec;7(4):240-3.
    PMID: 6036643
    Three cases of intrathoracic sarcoidosis are described, one in a Malay from Brunei and two in Indians from Malaya
    Matched MeSH terms: Lung Diseases*
  10. Fulltext Pulmonary function studies in young healthy Malaysians of Kelantan, Malaysia
    Bandyopadhyay A
    Indian J Med Res, 2011 Nov;134(5):653-7.
    PMID: 22199104 DOI: 10.4103/0971-5916.90990
    BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: Pulmonary function tests have been evolved as clinical tools in diagnosis, management and follow up of respiratory diseases as it provides objective information about the status of an individual's respiratory system. The present study was aimed to evaluate pulmonary function among the male and female young Kelantanese Malaysians of Kota Bharu, Malaysia, and to compare the data with other populations.

    METHODS: A total of 128 (64 males, 64 females) non-smoking healthy young subjects were randomly sampled for the study from the Kelantanese students' population of the University Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu Campus, Kelantan, Malaysia. The study population (20-25 yr age group) had similar socio-economic background. Each subject filled up the ATS (1978) questionnaire to record their personal demographic data, health status and consent to participate in the study. Subjects with any history of pulmonary diseases were excluded from the study.

    RESULTS: The pulmonary function measurements exhibited significantly higher values among males than the females. FEV 1% did not show any significant inter-group variation probably because the parameter expresses FEV 1 as a percentage of FVC. FVC and FEV 1 exhibited significant correlations with body height and body mass among males whereas in the females exhibited significant correlation with body mass, body weight and also with age. FEV 1% exhibited significant correlation with body height and body mass among males and with body height in females. FEF 25-75% did not show any significant correlation except with body height among females. However, PEFR exhibited significant positive correlation with all the physical parameters except with age among the females. On the basis of the existence of significant correlation between different physical parameters and pulmonary function variables, simple and multiple regression norms have been computed.

    INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSIONS: From the present investigation it can be concluded that Kelantanese Malaysian youths have normal range of pulmonary function in both the sexes and the computed regression norms may be used to predict the pulmonary function values in the studied population.

    Matched MeSH terms: Lung Diseases/epidemiology
  11. Respiratory drugs prescribed off-label among children in the outpatient clinics of a hospital in Malaysia
    Mohamad NF, Mhd Ali A, Mohamed Shah N
    Int J Clin Pharm, 2015 Feb;37(1):127-32.
    PMID: 25488318 DOI: 10.1007/s11096-014-0049-0
    BACKGROUND: Prescribing medicines in an unlicensed and off-label manner for children is a widespread practice around the world.
    OBJECTIVES: To determine the extent and predictors of off-label respiratory drug prescriptions for children in the outpatient clinics of a hospital in Malaysia.
    SETTING: Outpatient clinics at the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, a tertiary teaching hospital in Malaysia.
    METHODS: The pharmacy-based computer system and medical records of the patients were utilized to collect data from 220 pediatric patients who were prescribed at least one respiratory drug from July 2011 to December 2011.
    MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Characteristics of the off-label respiratory drug prescriptions were measured.
    RESULTS: A total of 134 children (60.9 %) received at least one respiratory drug prescribed in an off-label manner. The most common reasons for the off-label prescribing of drugs were off-label use by indication (31.5 %), followed by higher than the recommended dose (24.9 %) and lower than the recommended frequency (17.1 %). Diphenhydramine was the most common respiratory drug prescribed off-label. The number of medications prescribed was the only significant predictor of off-label prescription of respiratory drugs. Pediatric patients receiving 4-6 medications were 7.8 times more likely to receive at least one off-label respiratory drug compared to pediatric patients that received 1-3 medications (OR 7.8, 95 % CI 1.74-37.44).
    CONCLUSION: There was substantial prescribing of respiratory drugs for children in an off-label manner at the outpatient clinics at the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre. This highlights the need for more research to be carried out on respiratory drugs in the pediatric population.

    Study site: Pusat Perubatan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (PPUKM)
    Matched MeSH terms: Lung Diseases/drug therapy; Lung Diseases/epidemiology
  12. Clinical and high resolution computed tomography characteristics of patients with rheumatoid arthritis lung disease
    Mohd Noor N, Mohd Shahrir MS, Shahid MS, Abdul Manap R, Shahizon Azura AM, Azhar Shah S
    Int J Rheum Dis, 2009 Jul;12(2):136-44.
    PMID: 20374331 DOI: 10.1111/j.1756-185X.2009.01376.x
    Introduction: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic disease of unknown cause. A variety of pulmonary disorders have been described in association with RA. Among the most common are interstitial lung disease
    (ILD) and bronchiectasis.
    Objectives: This study aims to determine the characteristics of RA patients with lung disease in relation to clinical characteristics, pulmonary function test (PFT) and high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) thorax.
    Method: This is a 6-months cross-sectional study involving 63 consecutive RA patients in an outpatient rheumatology clinic. Patients had a mean disease duration of 5 years and above. Disease activity and severity
    was assessed by Disease Activity Score 28 (DAS28), Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) and Rheumatoid Arthritis Articular Damage (RAAD) score. Full pulmonary function test (PFT) and HRCT of thorax were performed.
    Conclusions: The prevalence of RA-ILD is 44% and 67% of patients are asymptomatic. There was significant higher proportion (68%) in patients of Chinese ethnicity who have ILD. Diffusion capacity of carbon monoxide
    was abnormal in all patients and forced expiratory flow (FEF)25–75% was low in 16%. Restrictive pattern was 66.7% by PFT. The most common HRCT findings were reticulation (46%) followed by ground glass opacities
    (38.1%) and bronchiectasis (28.6%). There was no association between ILD and male gender, duration of the disease, smoking, rheumatoid factor, extra-articular manifestations, disease activity or severity.
    Key words: high resolution computed tomography, interstitial lung disease, lung function test, rheumatoid arthritis.
    Study site: Rheumatology clinic, Pusat Perubatan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (PPUKM), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
    Matched MeSH terms: Lung Diseases, Interstitial/ethnology*; Lung Diseases, Interstitial/radiography*
  13. Massive paediatric pulmonary haemorrhage in Dieulafoy's disease: Roles of CT angiography, embolisation and bronchoscopy
    Woodhull S, Bush A, Tang AL, Padley S
    Paediatr Respir Rev, 2020 Nov;36:100-105.
    PMID: 32680823 DOI: 10.1016/j.prrv.2020.06.001
    Acute, major pulmonary haemorrhage in children, is rare, may be life-threatening and at times presents atypically. Dieulafoy's disease of the bronchus presenting with recurrent or massive hemoptysis was first described in adults. Prior to reviewing the literature, we report an illustrative case of bronchial Dieulafoy's disease (BDD) in a child presenting unusually with massive apparent hematemesis. The source of bleeding is a bronchial artery that fails to taper as it terminates within the bronchial submucosa. A high index of suspicion is required to identify such lesions via radiological imaging and the role of bronchial artery embolisation is highlighted with video images of angiography included.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lung Diseases/complications; Lung Diseases/therapy
  14. Fulltext An intense F-FDG pulmonary microfocus on PET without detectable abnormality on CT: A manifestation of an iatrogenic FDG pulmonary embolus
    Fathinul Fikri A, Lau W
    Biomed Imaging Interv J, 2010 10 01;6(4):e37.
    PMID: 21611073 DOI: 10.2349/biij.6.4.e37
    An incidental finding of an intense focus of (18)F-Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) pulmonary uptake on positron emission tomography (PET) without detectable lesions on computed tomography (CT) is highly suggestive of FDG microembolus. Its microscopic nature means it is undetectable on CT. It is an artefact attributable to (18)F-FDG-tracer contamination at the injection site. This paper reports a case of a 61 year-old lady with a past history of breast carcinoma, in whom follow-up PET/CT images demonstrated an incidental intense FDG pulmonary abnormality. A follow-up PET/CT seven months later demonstrated complete resolution of the abnormality.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lung Diseases
  15. Fulltext Invasive aspergillosis in paediatric oncology patients
    Muda Z, Ibrahim H, Abdulrahman EJ, Menon BS, Zahari Z, Zaleha AM, et al.
    Med J Malaysia, 2008 Dec;63(5):415-6.
    PMID: 19803305 MyJurnal
    Invasive aspergillosis predominantly occurs in immunocompromised patients and is often resistant to different therapeutically strategies. However, mortality significantly increases if the central nervous system is affected. In this report we describe two cases of invasive aspergilosis, one with kidney involvement with a successful treatment while the other with pulmonary and cerebral involvement with a grave outcome.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lung Diseases, Fungal/diagnosis; Lung Diseases, Fungal/microbiology*; Lung Diseases, Fungal/surgery
  16. Lupus pneumonitis as the initial presentation of systemic lupus erythematosus: case series from a single institution
    Wan SA, Teh CL, Jobli AT
    Lupus, 2016 Apr 28.
    PMID: 27125293 DOI: 10.1177/0961203316646461
    Objective. The aim of this study was to examine the clinical features, treatment and outcome of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients in our centre who presented with lupus pneumonitis as the initial manifestation.
    Methods. We performed a retrospective review of all patients who presented with lupus pneumonitis during the initial SLE manifestation from March 2006 to March 2015.
    Results. There were a total of five patients in our study who presented with fever and cough as the main clinical features. All patients had pulmonary infiltrates on chest radiographs. High-resolution computed tomography, which was performed in two patients, showed ground glass opacities with patchy consolidations bilaterally. All patients received high-dose steroids, 80% received intravenous cyclophosphamide and 60% received intravenous immunoglobulin. Two patients died from severe lupus pneumonitis within 2 weeks of admission despite treatment with ventilation, steroids, cyclophosphamide and intravenous immunoglobulin.
    Conclusions. Acute lupus pneumonitis is an uncommon presentation of SLE. Mortality in this case series is 40%.
    KEYWORDS: Lupus pneumonitis; systemic lupus erythematosus
    Matched MeSH terms: Lung Diseases
  17. Fulltext Shrinking lung syndrome – a rare cause of recurrent dyspnoea in SLE
    Baharuddin H, Mohd Zim MA, Rosman A, Mohd Zain M
    Journal of Clinical and Health Sciences, 2017;2(1):35-38.
    Here we present a 24-year-old lady with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) whom we diagnosed with shrinking lung syndrome (SLS), a rare manifestation of SLE. The initial SLE manifestation was alopecia, thrombocytopenia, serositis and vasculitis. Anti-nuclear antibody (ANA), anti-double stranded DNA (dsDNA) antibody, anti-ribonucleic (RNP) and anti-Ro antibody were positive. A year after diagnosis, she started to develop intermittent dyspnea and was hospitalised on three occasions. Lung examinations revealed reduced breath sounds at both bases and dullness at the right base. Multiple chest radiographs showed bilateral raised hemi-diaphragms. Other investigations including CT pulmonary angiogram, high resolution CT of the thorax, ventilation-perfusion scan and echocardiogram were not significant. On the third hospital admission, we noticed bilateral small lung volumes in the previous high resolution CT scan. Inspiratory and expiratory chest radiographs were performed and showed minimal change in lung volumes and a diagnosis of shrinking lung syndrome (SLS) was made. Her SLE remained active with lupus nephritis despite multiple immunosuppression and she passed away two years later due to sepsis with multi-organ failure.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lung Diseases
  18. Fulltext Respiratory symptoms and pulmonary function among male steel workers in Terengganu, Malaysia
    Nurul, A.H., Shamsul Bahri, M.T., Noor Hassim, I.
    Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine, 2014;14(1):10-18.
    MyJurnal
    A cross sectional study was carried out to determine the relationship between dust exposure and pulmonary function in male steel workers in Terengganu, Malaysia. The investigation included spirometric testing and detailed personal interviews using a structured questionnaire adopted from British Medical Research Council (BRMC) Questionnaire on respiratory symptoms. Respiratory symptoms commonly reported by the male workers were morning phlegm (33.1%), shortness of breath (31.9%), chest tightness (30.4%), and morning cough (17.8%). Age and duration of employment were among the factors associated with respiratory symptoms (p
    Matched MeSH terms: Lung Diseases
  19. Fulltext Respiratory symptoms and pulmonary function among male quarry workers in Kelantan, Malaysia.
    Razlan Musa, Lin Naing, Zulkifli Ahmad, Rusli Nordin
    Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine, 2002;2(1):54-57.
    MyJurnal
    The relationship between dust exposure and lung function were investigated in a cross-sectional study of 70 male quarry workers. The investigation included spirometric testing and detailed personal interviews using a structured questionnaire adapted from British Medical Research Council questionnaire on respiratory symptoms. Respiratory symptoms commonly reported by the male workers were shortness of breath (42.9%), chest tightness (37.1 %}, morning phlegm (20.0%) and morning cough (0.8%}. Prevalence of respiratory symptoms was greater in current smokers. Age and duration of employment also had significant relationship with chest tightness. Both FEV, and FVC of these workers were significantly reduced when compared to healthy population. Smoking status, age, and duration of employment were also associated with reduced pulmonary function (p<0.01).
    Key words: respiratory symptoms, lung function and quarry workers
    Matched MeSH terms: Lung Diseases
  20. Fulltext Pediatric laryngotracheal cases in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia
    Irfan, M., Izani S.M., Adil, S.A.R., Suzina, S.A.H.
    Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2012;8(1):55-59.
    MyJurnal
    There are many inherent challenges in the evaluation and management of children with laryngotracheal disorders, and it differs widely from one institution to another. The main challenges include access to suitable equipment, fully trained surgeon and, cooperation with the anesthetist and pediatrician. Material & Methods: The aim of the study was to analyze the pediatric laryngotracheal cases undergoing endoscopic examination in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia. A retrospective review of 73 cases undergoing microlaryngoscopy and bronchoscopy from 2004 to 2008 was done. Results: Laryngomalacia was the commonest diagnosis. The majority of the cases (45.2 %) were referred because of noisy respiration. Other reasons for referral were foreign body inhalation, unresolved lung disease, failed extubation, examination prior to decannulation and hoarseness. Conclusion: Management of pediatric laryngotracheal cases were varied and tailored to each problem. The endoscopic examination must be meticulous. The management include observation, medical treatment, closed (endoscopic)
    techniques and open surgery.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lung Diseases
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