Displaying publications 101 - 120 of 192 in total

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  1. Collagen as potential cell scaffolds for tissue engineering
    Annuar N, Spier RE
    Med J Malaysia, 2004 May;59 Suppl B:204-5.
    PMID: 15468889
    Selections of collagen available commercially were tested for their biocompatibility as scaffold to promote cell growth in vitro via simple collagen fast test and cultivation of mammalian cells on the selected type of collagen. It was found that collagen type C9791 promotes the highest degree of aggregation as well as cells growth. This preliminary study also indicated potential use of collagen as scaffold in engineered tissue.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cell Count
  2. Formation of tissue-engineered human auricular cartilage via tissue engineering technique for future use in ear surgery
    Saim L, Aminuddin BS, Munirah S, Chua KH, Izuddin Fahmy A, Fuzina NH, et al.
    Med J Malaysia, 2004 May;59 Suppl B:192-3.
    PMID: 15468883
    To date there is no optimal approach to reconstruct an external ear. However, advances in tissue engineering technologies have indicated that in vitro autologous elastic cartilage might be of great importance in the future treatment of these patients. The aim of this study was to observe monolayer expansion of auricular cartilage and to evaluate engineered cartilage using standard histochemical study.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cell Count
  3. The significance of using pooled human serum in human articular cartilage tissue engineering
    Azmi B, Aminuddin BS, Sharaf I, Samsudin OC, Munirah S, Chua KH, et al.
    Med J Malaysia, 2004 May;59 Suppl B:13-4.
    PMID: 15468795
    Animal serum is commonly used in chondrocytes culture expansion to promote cell proliferation and shorten the time lag before new tissue reconstruction is possible. However, animal serum is not suitable for regeneration of clinical tissue because it has potential risk of viral and prion related disease transmission particularly mad cow disease and foreign protein contamination that can stimulate immune reaction leading to graft rejection. In this context, human serum as homologous supplement has a greater potential as growth promoting agents for human chondrocytes culture.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cell Count
  4. The effects of autologous human serum on the growth of tissue engineered human articular cartilage
    Badrul AH, Aminuddin BS, Sharaf I, Samsudin OC, Munirah S, Ruszymah BH
    Med J Malaysia, 2004 May;59 Suppl B:11-2.
    PMID: 15468794
    Culture media supplemented with animal serum e.g. fetal bovine serum; FBS is commonly used for human culture expansion. However, for clinical application, FBS is restricted as its carry a risk of viral or prion transmission. Engineering autologous cartilage with autologous human serum supplementation is seen as a better solution to reduce the risk of transmitting infectious diseases and immune rejection during cartilage transplantation. The purpose of this study is to establish and compare the effects of 10% autologous human serum (AHS) and 10% FBS on the growth of chondrocytes and the formation of tissue engineered human articular cartilage.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cell Count
  5. Immunogenicity and performance of an enterovirus 71 virus-like-particle vaccine in nonhuman primates
    Lim PY, Hickey AC, Jamiluddin MF, Hamid S, Kramer J, Santos R, et al.
    Vaccine, 2015 Nov 4;33(44):6017-24.
    PMID: 26271825 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.05.108
    A vaccine against human enterovirus 71 (EV-A71) is urgently needed to combat outbreaks of EV-A71 and in particular, the serious neurological complications that manifest during these outbreaks. In this study, an EV-A71 virus-like-particle (VLP) based on a B5 subgenogroup (EV-A71-B5 VLP) was generated using an insect cell/baculovirus platform. Biochemical analysis demonstrated that the purified VLP had a highly native procapsid structure and initial studies in vivo demonstrated that the VLPs were immunogenic in mice. The impact of VLP immunization on infection was examined in non-human primates using a VLP prime-boost strategy prior to EV-A71 challenge. Rhesus macaques were immunized on day 0 and day 21 with VLPs (100 μg/dose) containing adjuvant or with adjuvant alone (controls), and were challenged with EV-A71 on day 42. Complete blood counts, serum chemistry, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, and histopathology results were mostly normal in vaccinated and control animals after virus challenge demonstrating that the fatal EV-A71-B3 clinical isolate used in this study was not highly virulent in rhesus macaques. Viral genome and/or infectious virus were detected in blood, spleen or brain of two of three control animals, but not in any specimens from the vaccinated animals, indicating that VLP immunization prevented systemic spread of EV-A71 in rhesus macaques. High levels of IgM and IgG were detected in VLP-vaccinated animals and these responses were highly specific for EV-A71 particles and capsid proteins. Serum from vaccinated animals also exhibited similar neutralizing activity against different subgenogroups of EV-A71 demonstrating that the VLPs induced cross-neutralizing antibodies. In conclusion, our EV-A71-B5 VLP is safe, highly immunogenic, and prevents systemic EV-A71-B3 infection in nonhuman primates making it a viable attractive vaccine candidate for EV-A71.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Cell Count
  6. Fulltext Lymphocyte subsets in systemic lupus erythematosus
    Cheong SK, Chin SF, Kong NC
    Malays J Pathol, 1997 Dec;19(2):121-5.
    PMID: 10879252
    Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterised by increased B cell activity and depressed T cell function. However, the contribution of the immunoregulatory system to its pathogenesis is still unclear. The recent development in the production of monoclonal antibodies and the availability of bench-top flow cytometers have allowed rapid quantitation of peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets. We analysed the distribution of the lymphocyte subsets in 24 patients with active SLE and 18 with inactive SLE. The distribution of immunoregulatory cells in 72 normal volunteers was used as control. Statistical analysis showed that there were significant differences between both the SLE groups and the normal controls, for total lymphocytes, T cells, B cells, T helper cells, T suppressor cells, T helper/suppressor ratio and natural killer cells. There was a significant difference for T helper cells between active and inactive SLE. T helper cells levels were found to be low in inactive SLE and lower in active SLE. It appears that treatment-induced remissions did not restore the levels of immunoregulatory cells to normal. Thus, T helper cell levels reflect disease activity and longitudinal assays of T helper cells may serve as an indicator of disease reactivation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cell Count
  7. Organization of common peroneal nerve motoneurones in the rat and monkey: a comparative study
    Yeong SO, Subramaniam K, Vrbová G
    Neuroreport, 1998 Apr 20;9(6):1085-8.
    PMID: 9601672
    The motoneurones with axons in the common peroneal nerve (CPN) of the rat and monkey were examined using retrograde labelling with horseradish peroxidase (HRP). In both species, the CPN motoneurone pool was localized in the dorsolateral part of the ventral horn of the spinal cord. In the rat, the labelled motoneurones were located between the L3 and L6 spinal segments whereas in the monkey, they extended from the caudal end of L4 to the L6 spinal segments. In both species the majority of the labelled neurones were located within the L5 segment. The mean number of the CPN motoneurones in the rat and monkey was 458 and 1148, respectively. A bimodal size distribution of motoneurones was found in both species.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cell Count
  8. Cytophagic histiocytic panniculitis: a diagnostic dilemma
    Cheah PL, Looi LM, Tan PE, Bosco J, Kuperan P
    Hematol Oncol, 1992 Nov-Dec;10(6):331-7.
    PMID: 1296933
    Cytophagic histiocytic panniculitis (CHP) is a recently recognized entity that frequently poses a perplexing diagnostic problem. Although the classical case presents with a relapsing fever, subcutaneous nodules, pancytopenia and liver dysfunction, most patients have in addition a multitude of other manifestations which confuse the clinical picture. Notwithstanding the variable clinical course, the disease frequently terminates in fatal hemorrhage. Diagnosis is based on histological features. A lobular panniculitis with an infiltrate of cytologically benign cytophagocytic histiocytes in skin nodules is the sine qua non of CHP. Hence, a deep skin biopsy which includes subcutaneous fat is mandatory to establish the diagnosis. Published information regarding this newly described entity remains scarce and we report two cases of CHP, one occurring in a 30-year-old Kadazan man and another in a 17-year-old Chinese woman seen at the University Hospital, Kuala Lumpur. The latter case presented with exudative ascites, an unusual feature, possibly due to intra-abdominal panniculitis. In addition, we record the development of cirrhosis in the same patient.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Cell Count
  9. Histopathology of the inner ear in unoperated acoustic neuroma
    Mahmud MR, Khan AM, Nadol JB
    Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol, 2003 Nov;112(11):979-86.
    PMID: 14653368
    Although hearing loss is the most common presenting symptom in patients with acoustic neuroma, the pathophysiology of hearing loss associated with acoustic neuroma is unknown. Although primary dysfunction of the auditory nerve is intuitively logical, available histopathologic and clinical data suggest that although neural degeneration is common, it alone does not adequately account for hearing loss in many cases. The purpose of this study was to evaluate 11 cases of unoperated unilateral acoustic neuromas. Temporal bones were identified by means of a search mechanism provided by the National Temporal Bone, Hearing, and Balance Pathology Resource Registry and were prepared for light microscopy by standard techniques. Quantification of spiral ganglion cells, hair cells, stria vascularis, and spiral ligament was accomplished for each specimen. In addition, the maximum diameter and volume of each tumor were calculated from histopathologic sections. Increasing tumor size did predict a reduced spiral ganglion count. However, although there was a tendency for decreasing spiral ganglion cell count and for increasing tumor size to predict a higher pure tone average and lower speech discrimination score, these correlations did not reach statistical significance. In tumor ears in which the speech discrimination score was 50% or less, there was always significant degeneration of other structures of the inner ear in addition to neurons, including hair cells, the stria vascularis, and the spiral ligament. Endolymphatic hydrops and eosinophilic precipitate in the perilymphatic spaces were found in 2 of 3 such cases. It is concluded that acoustic neuromas appear to cause hearing loss, not only by causing degeneration of the auditory nerve, but also by inducing degenerative changes in the inner ear. It is hypothesized that the proteinaceous material seen histologically may represent the products of up-regulated genes in acoustic neuroma, some of which may interfere with normal cochlear function.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cell Count
  10. Fulltext Eyelid abscess with dacryocystitis due to burkholderia pseudomallei
    Chee, Yik Chang
    Borneo Journal of Medical Sciences, 2020;14(3):61-62.
    MyJurnal
    A 24-year-old female complained of a 2-week history of fever and right-eye swelling. There was no ocular pain, blurring of vision, or history of prior trauma to the affected eye. On examination, she was febrile and not in respiratory distress. The right lower eyelid appeared swollen with skin erythema (Figure 1), while the visual acuity was normal. The white cell count was 14.8 × 103/μL (normal range = 4 – 10 × 103/μL). Her liver and renal function tests were within the normal range. The abdominal ultrasonography revealed multiple splenic microabscesses, while chest radiograph was normal. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography of the orbit showed a right lower eyelid abscess with extension into the right nasolacrimal duct (Figure 2). Incision and drainage of the eyelid abscess were performed and the culture of the pus, as well as the blood, yielded Burkholderia pseudomallei. She received intravenous ceftazidime 2 g every 8 hours for 4 weeks, followed by oral trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for 20 weeks’ duration. The right eyelid abscess and splenic microabscesses resolved completely post-treatment. Please interpret the figures and suggest the provisional diagnosis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cell Count
  11. In Vivo Antitumor Activity of Folate-Conjugated Cholic Acid-Polyethylenimine Micelles for the Codelivery of Doxorubicin and siRNA to Colorectal Adenocarcinomas
    Amjad MW, Amin MC, Katas H, Butt AM, Kesharwani P, Iyer AK
    Mol Pharm, 2015 Dec 7;12(12):4247-58.
    PMID: 26567518 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.5b00827
    Multidrug resistance poses a great challenge to cancer treatment. In order to improve the targeting and codelivery of small interfering RNA (siRNA) and doxorubicin, and to overcome multidrug resistance, we conjugated a cholic acid-polyethylenimine polymer with folic acid, forming CA-PEI-FA micelles. CA-PEI-FA exhibited a low critical micelle concentration (80 μM), small average particle size (150 nm), and positive zeta potential (+ 12 mV). They showed high entrapment efficiency for doxorubicin (61.2 ± 1.7%, w/w), forming D-CA-PEI-FA, and for siRNA, forming D-CA-PEI-FA-S. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic analysis revealed the presence of external FA on D-CA-PEI-FA micelles. About 25% doxorubicin was released within 24 h at pH 7.4, while more than 30% release was observed at pH 5. The presence of FA enhanced micelle antitumor activity. The D-CA-PEI-FA and D-CA-PEI-FA-S micelles inhibited tumor growth in vivo. No significant differences between their in vitro cytotoxic activities or their in vivo antitumor effects were observed, indicating that the siRNA coloading did not significantly increase the antitumor activity. Histological analysis revealed that tumor tissues from mice treated with D-CA-PEI-FA or D-CA-PEI-FA-S showed the lowest cancer cell density and the highest levels of apoptosis and necrosis. Similarly, the livers of these mice exhibited the lowest level of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase among all treated groups. The lowest serum vascular endothelial growth factor level (VEGF) (24.4 pg/mL) was observed in mice treated with D-CA-PEI-FA-S micelles using siRNA targeting VEGF. These findings indicated that the developed CA-PEI-FA nanoconjugate has the potential to achieve targeted codelivery of drugs and siRNA.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cell Count
  12. Fulltext K-Ras Peptide Mimotope Induces Antigen Specific Th1 and B-Cell Immune Responses against G12A-Mutated K-Ras Antigen in Balb/c Mice
    Siak PY, Wong KY, Song AA, Rahim RA, In LLA
    Vaccines (Basel), 2021 Feb 26;9(3).
    PMID: 33652552 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9030195
    KRAS G12A somatic point mutation in adenocarcinomas is categorized clinically as ineligibility criteria for anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) monoclonal antibody therapies. In this study, a modified G12A-K-ras epitope (139A) with sequence-specific modifications to improve immunogenicity was developed as a potential vaccine against G12A-mutant KRAS cancers. Additionally, coupling of the 139A epitope with a tetanus toxoid (TTD) universal T-cell epitope to improve antigenicity was also reported. To facilitate convenient oral administration, Lactococcus lactis, which possesses innate immunomodulatory properties, was chosen as a live gastrointestinal delivery vehicle. Recombinant L. lactis strains secreting a G12A mutated K-ras control and 139A with and without TTD fusion were generated for comparative immunogenicity assessment. BALB/c mice were immunized orally, and high survivability of L. lactis passage through the gastrointestinal tract was observed. Elevations in B-cell count with a concomitant titre of antigen-specific IgG and interferon-γ secreting T-cells were observed in the 139A treated mice group. Interestingly, an even higher antigen-specific IgA response and interferon-γ secreting T-cell counts were observed in 139A-TTD mice group upon re-stimulation with the G12A mutated K-ras antigen. Collectively, these results indicated that an antigen-specific immune response was successfully stimulated by 139A-TTD vaccine, and a TTD fusion was successful in further enhancing the immune responses.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cell Count
  13. Fulltext Survival of Children with Acute Leukaemia: A Single Centre Experience
    Ariffin Nasir, Nor Fadhilah Zahari, Fahisham Taib, Norsarwany Mohamad
    Malaysian Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2020;26(1):4-13.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Acute leukaemia in children accounts for 25-30% of malignant diagnosis. Survival from acute leukaemia continue to improve. Treatment outcome depends on factors like gender, age at diagnosis, parental education, the initial total white cell count (TWC), cerebrospinal fluids (CSF) infiltration, immunophenotype and treatment response. Objectives: The objectives were to evaluate the survival of children with acute leukaemia who received chemotherapy and identify relevant factors. Methodology: The study was a retrospective record review at the Paediatric Oncology Unit, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (Hospital USM). The data collected depending on pre-set research proforma from the year 1990 to 2010. Survival analysis of each type of leukaemia was completed using multiple Cox regression model. Results: A total of 334 cases were identified, only 283 patients received treatment at Hospital USM. There were 224 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) and 59 with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). Overall survival (OS) rate at 3 months for ALL and AML were 89.3% and 72.9% respectively. The event-free survival (EFS) rate for ALL at 1, 3, and 5 years were 69.6%, 54.1% and 47.8% respectively. For AML, the EFS rate at 1, 3, and 5 years were 52.0%, 42.4% and 38.1% respectively. Multiple Cox regression model showed children’s age at diagnosis and early response to steroid therapy were the most significant prognostic factors for ALL survival, whereas the spleen size and treatment protocol were the most significant prognostic factors for AML. Conclusion: Survival rate in this study was comparable to developing countries. ALL had better outcome compared to AML.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cell Count
  14. Fulltext The Influence of Ficus deltoidea in Preserving Alveolar Bone in Ovariectomized Rats
    Omar NI, Baharin B, Lau SF, Ibrahim N, Mohd N, Ahmad Fauzi A, et al.
    Vet Med Int, 2020;2020:8862489.
    PMID: 33456747 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8862489
    Ficus deltoidea has been shown to possess antioxidant properties that could prevent the development of chronic inflammatory bone diseases. In this study, the efficacy of F. deltoidea in preventing alveolar bone resorption in osteoporotic rats induced by ovariectomy (OVX) was investigated. Twenty-four female Wistar rats were divided into four groups (n = 6) consisting of sham-operated (SO), ovariectomized control (OVXN), ovariectomized treated with estrogen (OVXP), and ovariectomized treated with F. deltoidea extract (OVXF). At the beginning of the study, two nonovariectomized, healthy rats were sacrificed to serve as baseline (BL). Treatment of the rats commenced two weeks after ovariectomy-the OVXP rats that served as positive control received Premarin® (64.5 μg/kg body weight), while OVXF rats were given F. deltoidea (800 mg/kg body weight); both agents were administered orally for two months. The negative control group of rats (OVXN) and the SO group received deionized water, also administered via oral gavage. At necropsy, morphometric assessment of the interradicular bone of the first molar was carried out using a micro-CT scanner, while quantification of osteoclasts and osteoblasts was performed histologically. The results showed that no statistically significant differences among the groups (p > 0.05) for bone morphometric assessment. However, trabecular thickness in the OVXF group was similar to BL, while trabecular separation and alveolar bone loss height were lower than those of the OVXN group. Histologically, the OVXF group demonstrated a significantly lower number of osteoclasts and a higher number of osteoblasts compared with OVXN (p=0.008 and p=0.019, respectively; p < 0.05). In conclusion, F. deltoidea has the capacity to prevent alveolar bone loss in ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis rats by potentially preserving trabecular bone microarchitecture and to decrease osteoclast and increase osteoblast cell count.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cell Count
  15. Fulltext A prospective analysis of corneal endothelial polymegethism and cell density in young adult Asians
    Doughty MJ
    Clin Exp Optom, 2014 May;97(3):256-63.
    PMID: 24405014 DOI: 10.1111/cxo.12127
    PURPOSE: The aim was to assess the morphology of the Asian corneal endothelium, particularly the index of polymegethism and its relationship to endothelial cell density assessments.
    METHODS: The central regions of the corneal endothelium of 72 healthy, normal weight, non-contact lens wearers were assessed by non-contact specular microscopy. There were six groups of persons, aged between 18 and 27 years, whose ethnic origins were self-reported as Asian (Mainland China, Hong Kong, India, Malaysia, Pakistan or other Asian groups). Single images including at least 100 contiguous cells were obtained from each subject and were processed by planimetry after manual border marking to minimise errors. Calculations were made of the coefficient of variation of cell area (COV; polymegethism) as well as the endothelial cell density and percentage of six-sided cells.
    RESULTS: The COV values ranged from 18 to 30.4 per cent (group mean 24.5 ± 2.8 per cent). The corneas had essentially normal thickness (0.530 ± 0.026 mm), with the endothelia showing a high percentage of six-sided cells (66.3 ± 7.1 per cent) and none showing even mild signs of polymegethism. Endothelial cell density estimates based on average cell areas ranged from 2,020 to 3,623 cells per mm(2) and from 2,157 to 3,835 with calculations based on individual cell areas. The difference between the two estimates of endothelial cell density was strongly related to the coefficient of variation (r = 0.765).
    CONCLUSIONS: This result is consistent with several older reports indicating that it is uncommon to find polymegethism in healthy young adult Asian individuals. Nonetheless, even low coefficient of variation values can substantially affect the estimations of the cell density.
    KEYWORDS: Asian; cornea; endothelium; human; polymegathism
    Matched MeSH terms: Cell Count
  16. Fulltext Biphenotypic acute leukemia: a report of two cases
    Azma, R.Z., Hamidah, N.H., C-F, Leong, Ainoon, O., Fadilah, S.A.W., S-K, Cheong, et al.
    Medicine & Health, 2006;1(1):53-60.
    MyJurnal
     We report two cases of biphenotypic acute leukaemia diagnosed in Hospital Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (HUKM), their clinical, haematological characteristics and response to chemotherapy. Both patients are middle-aged ladies who presented with hepatosplenomegaly and high white cell count, mainly composed of blast cells. Their bone marrow aspirations were hypercellular comprising of more than 90% heterogenous blast cells. Cytochemical analyses show more than 3% positivity towards peroxidase, with smaller blasts showing block positivity towards PAS. Immunophenotypically, the blasts showed dual expression of CD 33 and CD 19, CD 19 and CD34, intra CD22, intra TdT and intraMPO. One of the patients showed presence of the Philadelphia chromosome on cytogenetic analysis which was confirmed by Fluorecsence In Situ Hybridisation (FISH). Molecular analysis also showed presence of the BCR-ABL fusion protein. Both patients were given combination chemotherapy consisting of daunorubicin and cytosine arabinoside.However, the patient with positive Philadelphia chromosome BCR-ABL did not achieve morphological remission after induction chemotherapy. In view of the poor prognosis of this disease, both the patients were planned for upfront peripheral blood stem cell transplantation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cell Count
  17. Fulltext Early lineage switch from T-acute lymphoblastic leukaemia to common B-ALL
    Hafiza, A., Azma, R.Z., Azura, A.H., Azlin, I., Zarina, A.L., Hamidah, N.H.
    Medicine & Health, 2011;6(2):131-138.
    MyJurnal
    Leukaemic stem cells have heterogenous differentiation potential. The immunophenotypes of blast cells are usually consistent throughout the disease course even at relapse. Rarely, blast cells may undergo a ‘lineage switch’ during the course of disease especially during relapse. We would like to highlight such a case in a 10- year old boy who presented with a two weeks history of lethargy, poor appetite, low grade fever, respiratory distress, cardiac failure, generalized oedema and hepatosplenomegaly. Full blood count showed a leucocyte count of 41.5x10 9 /L and platelet count of 37x10 9 /L. The peripheral blood film showed presence of numerous blast cells. Bone marrow aspiration revealed a hypercellular marrow, which consisted of mainly blast cells with high nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio and inconspicuous nucleoli. Immunophenotyping and cytochemistry results were consistent with the diagnosis of Tcell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. The patient achieved remission after treatment with UK ALL 97 protocol, regime B chemotherapy. However, he relapsed seven months after the initial diagnosis with 26% blast cells in the bone marrow aspirate. The majority was L1 blast cells admixed with some L2 blast cells. Immunophenotyping was consistent with common precursor B acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. The treatment was changed to a more lineage specific chemotherapy. Nonetheless, the patient never achieved remission and was planned for palliative management. This case illustrated a unique and rare case of rapid lineage switch from T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia to common precursor B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Cell Count
  18. Uncontrollable bleeding due to hypofibrinogenemia in a case of acute myelo-monocytic leukaemia
    Banerjee AK
    Med J Malaya, 1971 Mar;25(3):187-92.
    PMID: 4253245
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Cell Count
  19. Fulltext Hemogram responses in goats toward challenged with Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis and its immunogen mycolic acids
    Odhah MN, Abdullah FFJ, Haron AW, Lila MAM, Zamri-Saad M, Khuder Z, et al.
    Vet World, 2017 Jun;10(6):655-661.
    PMID: 28717318 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2017.655-661
    AIM: This study was conducted to analyze the changes in blood profile of goats inoculated with Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis and its immunogen mycolic acid (MA) extract.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 12 clinically healthy crossbred Boer female goats were divided into three groups; A, B and C (4 goats each per group). Group A was inoculated with 2 ml sterile phosphate buffered saline via intradermal route as the negative control group whilst Group B was inoculated with 2 ml of MA extract (1 g/ml) intradermally and Group C was then inoculated with 2 ml (1×10(9)) colony forming unit of active C. pseudotuberculosis intradermally. Blood sample was collected aseptically from the jugular vein periodically for complete blood count (CBC) analysis throughout the experimental period (3 months).

    RESULT: A significant decrease (p<0.05) was observed in red blood cells, hemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume, mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular Hb concentration in Groups B and C as compared to the control while WBCs, neutrophil, lymphocyte and basophil showed a significant increase (p<0.05) as compared to the control.

    CONCLUSION: The inoculation of C. pseudotuberculosis and MA resulted in a significant change in the CBC, thereby, indicating that MA has a role in caseous lymphadenitis pathogenesis.

    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Cell Count
  20. HAART induces cell death in a cervical cancer cell line, HCS-2: A Scanning Electron Microscopy study
    Xulu KR, Hosie MJ
    J Microsc Ultrastruct, 2016 06 17;5(1):39-48.
    PMID: 30023236 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmau.2016.06.001
    Apoptosis is a tightly programmed cell suicide which occurs in multiple physiologic and pathological conditions where it plays an important role in tissue development and homeostasis by eliminating unwanted and damaged cells. Appropriate apoptosis signalling is crucial in maintaining the fine balance between cell death and cell survival in cancer. In response to death stimuli the morphology of the cell undergoes unique changes. The aim of this study was to examine and compare the changes in the cell surface morphology using scanning electron microscopy in HCS-2 cells, following 24 hour treatment with components of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) at their clinical plasma concentrations. The cells were fixed in 2.5% Glutaraldehyde and post-fixed in 1% osmium tetroxide. The cells were then dehydrated through a graded series of alcohol and treated with hexamethyl-disilazane, then coated with a double layer of carbon. The cells were viewed under a Zeiss Ultra FEG Scanning Electron Microscope and a one way ANOVA and Tukey Kramer Post Hoc test was conducted based on the scoring of surface morphology of the cells using JMP 11 statistical software. The drugs used in this study induced morphological features which are known to be characteristic of apoptotic cell death. The drug combinations (ATP and LPV/r) were seemingly more effective than individual treatments in inducing cell death because morphological features observed were more advanced than those observed in individual treatments. However, LPV/r was more potent than ATP. In conclusion, HAART showed anticancer properties by inducing cell death through apoptosis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cell Count
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