Displaying publications 101 - 120 of 251 in total

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  1. Influence of Adolescents' Physical Activity on Bone Mineral Acquisition: A Systematic Review Article
    Zulfarina MS, Sharkawi AM, Aqilah-S N ZS, Mokhtar SA, Nazrun SA, Naina-Mohamed I
    Iran J Public Health, 2016 Dec;45(12):1545-1557.
    PMID: 28053920
    BACKGROUND: This study conducted to examine and to provide a systematic literature over the influence of adolescents' physical activity (PA) in maximizing`s peak bone mass (PBM). PBM or the 'bone bank' is an important determinant in achieving healthy bone. PA is one of the bone's lifestyle contributors and high PBM is one of the major strategies for preventing osteoporosis.

    METHODS: A computerized literature search using Medline (Ovid) and Scopus were conducted to identify relevant observational studies on the influence of different level of PA on bone acquisition among the healthy adolescent population. All articles included, were limited to original articles and English language.

    RESULTS: Nine studies met the inclusion criteria. Reported bone outcomes were of bone mass, bone structure and bone strength. Eight studies showed positive association between adolescents' PA and high bone variables. The influence of PA may differ according to sex, skeletal sites and bone outcomes.

    CONCLUSION: This study supported the importance of increase adolescents' regular PA in optimizing PBM thus preventing osteoporosis at later life.

    Matched MeSH terms: Bone and Bones
  2. Fulltext Influence of physical activity on bone strength in children and adolescents: a systematic review and narrative synthesis
    Tan VP, Macdonald HM, Kim S, Nettlefold L, Gabel L, Ashe MC, et al.
    J. Bone Miner. Res., 2014 Oct;29(10):2161-81.
    PMID: 24737388 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2254
    A preponderance of evidence from systematic reviews supports the effectiveness of weight-bearing exercises on bone mass accrual, especially during the growing years. However, only one systematic review (limited to randomized controlled trials) examined the role of physical activity (PA) on bone strength. Thus, our systematic review extended the scope of the previous review by including all PA intervention and observational studies, including organized sports participation studies, with child or adolescent bone strength as the main outcome. We also sought to discern the skeletal elements (eg, mass, structure, density) that accompanied significant bone strength changes. Our electronic-database, forward, and reference searches yielded 14 intervention and 23 observational studies that met our inclusion criteria. We used the Effective Public Health Practice Project (EPHPP) tool to assess the quality of studies. Due to heterogeneity across studies, we adopted a narrative synthesis for our analysis and found that bone strength adaptations to PA were related to maturity level, sex, and study quality. Three (of five) weight-bearing PA intervention studies with a strong rating reported significantly greater gains in bone strength for the intervention group (3% to 4%) compared with only three significant (of nine) moderate intervention studies. Changes in bone structure (eg, bone cross-sectional area, cortical thickness, alone or in combination) rather than bone mass most often accompanied significant bone strength outcomes. Prepuberty and peripuberty may be the most opportune time for boys and girls to enhance bone strength through PA, although this finding is tempered by the few available studies in more mature groups. Despite the central role that muscle plays in bones' response to loading, few studies discerned the specific contribution of muscle function (or surrogates) to bone strength. Although not the focus of the current review, this seems an important consideration for future studies.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bone and Bones/physiology*
  3. Radiobiological long-term accumulation of environmental alpha radioactivity in extracted human teeth and animal bones in Malaysia
    Almayahi BA, Tajuddin AA, Jaafar MS
    J Environ Radioact, 2014 Mar;129:140-7.
    PMID: 24462923 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2014.01.001
    In this study, the radiobiological analysis of natural alpha emitters in extracted human teeth and animal bones from Malaysia was estimated. The microdistributions of alpha particles in tooth and bone samples were measured using CR-39 alpha-particle track detectors. The lowest and highest alpha emission rates in teeth in the Kedah and Perak states were 0.0080 ± 0.0005 mBq cm(-2) and 0.061 ± 0.008 mBq cm(-2), whereas those of bones in the Perlis and Kedah states were 0.0140 ± 0.0001 mBq cm(-2) and 0.7700 ± 0.0282 mBq cm(-2), respectively. The average alpha emission rate in male teeth was 0.0209 ± 0.0008 mBq cm(-2), whereas that of female teeth was 0.0199 ± 0.0010 mBq cm(-2). The alpha emission rate in teeth is higher in smokers (0.0228 ± 0.0008 mBq cm(-2)) than in non-smokers (0.0179 ± 0.0008 mBq cm(-2)). Such difference was found statistically significant (p < 0.01).
    Matched MeSH terms: Bone and Bones/chemistry*
  4. Utility of multimaterial 3D printers in creating models with pathological entities to enhance the training experience of neurosurgeons
    Waran V, Narayanan V, Karuppiah R, Owen SL, Aziz T
    J. Neurosurg., 2014 Feb;120(2):489-92.
    PMID: 24321044 DOI: 10.3171/2013.11.JNS131066
    The advent of multimaterial 3D printers allows the creation of neurosurgical models of a more realistic nature, mimicking real tissues. The authors used the latest generation of 3D printer to create a model, with an inbuilt pathological entity, of varying consistency and density. Using this model the authors were able to take trainees through the basic steps, from navigation and planning of skin flap to performing initial steps in a craniotomy and simple tumor excision. As the technology advances, models of this nature may be able to supplement the training of neurosurgeons in a simulated operating theater environment, thus improving the training experience.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bone and Bones/anatomy & histology
  5. Fulltext The effect of relaxin on the musculoskeletal system
    Dehghan F, Haerian BS, Muniandy S, Yusof A, Dragoo JL, Salleh N
    Scand J Med Sci Sports, 2014 Aug;24(4):e220-9.
    PMID: 24283470 DOI: 10.1111/sms.12149
    Relaxin is a hormone structurally related to insulin and insulin-like growth factor, which exerts its regulatory effect on the musculoskeletal and other systems through binding to its receptor in various tissues, mediated by different signaling pathways. Relaxin alters the properties of cartilage and tendon by activating collagenase. This hormone is also involved in bone remodeling and healing of injured ligaments and skeletal muscle. In this review, we have summarized the literature on the effect of relaxin in musculoskeletal system to provide a broad perspective for future studies in this field.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bone and Bones/physiology
  6. Fulltext Multipurpose contrast enhancement on epiphyseal plates and ossification centers for bone age assessment
    Chai HY, Swee TT, Seng GH, Wee LK
    Biomed Eng Online, 2013;12:27.
    PMID: 23565999 DOI: 10.1186/1475-925X-12-27
    The high variations of background luminance, low contrast and excessively enhanced contrast of hand bone radiograph often impede the bone age assessment rating system in evaluating the degree of epiphyseal plates and ossification centers development. The Global Histogram equalization (GHE) has been the most frequently adopted image contrast enhancement technique but the performance is not satisfying. A brightness and detail preserving histogram equalization method with good contrast enhancement effect has been a goal of much recent research in histogram equalization. Nevertheless, producing a well-balanced histogram equalized radiograph in terms of its brightness preservation, detail preservation and contrast enhancement is deemed to be a daunting task.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bone and Bones/physiology*
  7. Mechanical and microarchitectural analyses of cancellous bone through experiment and computer simulation
    Syahrom A, Abdul Kadir MR, Abdullah J, Öchsner A
    Med Biol Eng Comput, 2011 Dec;49(12):1393-403.
    PMID: 21947767 DOI: 10.1007/s11517-011-0833-0
    The relationship between microarchitecture to the failure mechanism and mechanical properties can be assessed through experimental and computational methods. In this study, both methods were utilised using bovine cadavers. Twenty four samples of cancellous bone were extracted from fresh bovine and the samples were cleaned from excessive marrow. Uniaxial compression testing was performed with displacement control. After mechanical testing, each specimen was ashed in a furnace. Four of the samples were exemplarily scanned using micro-computed tomography (μCT) and three dimensional models of the cancellous bones were reconstructed for finite element simulation. The mechanical properties and the failure modes obtained from numerical simulations were then compared to the experiments. Correlations between microarchitectural parameters to the mechanical properties and failure modes were then made. The Young's modulus correlates well with the bone volume fraction with R² = 0.615 and P value 0.013. Three different types of failure modes of cancellous bone were observed: oblique fracture (21.7%), perpendicular global fracture (47.8%), and scattered localised fracture (30.4%). However, no correlations were found between the failure modes to the morphological parameters. The percentage of error between computer predictions and the actual experimental test was from 6 to 12%. These mechanical properties and information on failure modes can be used for the development of synthetic cancellous bone.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bone and Bones/physiopathology*
  8. Fulltext Effects of vitamin E on receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) in rats treated with nicotine
    Norazlina M, Maizatul-Neza J, Azarina A, Nazrun AS, Norliza M, Ima-Nirwana S
    Med J Malaysia, 2010 Mar;65(1):14-7.
    PMID: 21265240 MyJurnal
    Vitamin E is found to reverse the effects of nicotine on bone and this study aimed to determine its mechanism. Male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into four groups and treated for 3 months: Group 1 was the control group (RC). Groups 2 (N), 3 (N+TT) and 4 (N+ATF) received nicotine 7 mg/kg throughout the treatment period. In addition, groups 3 and 4 received tocotrienol 60 mg/kg and alpha-tocopherol 60 mg/kg respectively during months 2 and 3. Parameters measured were serum osteoprotegerin (OPG), serum receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL), femoral and lumbar bone calcium content and body weight. Nicotine did not affect OPG or RANKL levels but reduced bone calcium content suggesting the calcium loss is not due to increase osteoclastogenesis. OPG was increased in N+ATF while RANKL was slightly increased in N+TT. Both vitamin E supplements restored bone calcium loss induced by nicotine. Nicotine impaired weight gain in all treatment groups starting week 4 however, N+TT group was comparable to RC from week 6 onwards. Bone protective effects of ATF, but not TT, may be partly due to inhibition of osteoclastogenesis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bone and Bones/drug effects*
  9. In-vitro expression of adhesion molecules and bone specific markers are depending on the cell culture material
    Salin N, Ishak AK, Abdul Rahman S, Ali M, Nawawi HM, Said MS, et al.
    Med J Malaysia, 2008 Jul;63 Suppl A:67-8.
    PMID: 19024987
    Bone formation is an active process whereby osteoblasts are found on the surface of the newly formed bone. Adhesion to extracellular matrix is essential for the development of bone however not all surfaces are suitable for osteoblast adhesion and don't support osteoblastic functions. The objective of this study was to test the suitability of a collagen based microcarrier which would support osteoblastic functions.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bone and Bones/physiology*
  10. Recent development on porous calcium phosphate ceramics for biomedical application
    Sopyan I
    Med J Malaysia, 2008 Jul;63 Suppl A:14-5.
    PMID: 19024961
    Porous calcium phosphate ceramics have found enormous use in biomedical applications including bone tissue regeneration, cell proliferation, and drug delivery. In bone tissue engineering it has been applied as filling material for bone defects and augmentation, artificial bone graft material, and prosthesis revision surgery. Their high surface area leads to excellent osteoconductivity and resorbability providing fast bone ingrowths. Porous calcium phosphate can be produced by a variety of methods. This paper discusses briefly fundamental aspects of porous calcium phosphate for biomedical applications as well as various techniques used to prepare porous calcium phosphate.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bone and Bones/physiology*
  11. Tissue engineering provides the potential to replace and regenerate
    Ruszymah BH
    Med J Malaysia, 2008 Jul;63 Suppl A:27-8.
    PMID: 19024966
    Tissue engineering applies the principle of engineering and life sciences towards the development of biological substitute that restore, maintain or improve tissue or organ function. Scientists grow tissues or organs in vitro and implant them when the body is unable to prompt into healing itself. This presentation aims to highlight the potential clinical application of engineered tissues being researched on at the Tissue Engineering Centre, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bone and Bones/cytology*
  12. Perforation of oesophagus and aorta by an unusual migratory fish bone: case report
    Alam AM, Shuaib IL, Hock LC, Bah EJ
    Nepal Med Coll J, 2005 Dec;7(2):150-1.
    PMID: 16519087
    This report describes a migratory fish bone which was not found during 1st surgery causing perforation to the superior part of the arch of aorta. The patient presented with feeling of something stucked in her throat after eating fish subsequently followed by progressive excruciating pain in the neck. During 2nd surgery the fish bone was found to have migrated from the superior aspect of the arch of aorta to the anterolateral aspect of the arch of aorta after piercing the aortic lumen. We report a case of migratory fish bone which was not found during 1st surgery. The clinical examination of the throat revealed no foreign body. The CT scan of the neck and upper thorax demonstrated a 1cm linear foreign body part of which had perforated into the superior part of the arch of aorta with mediastinal hematoma. The most likely cause was a fish bone. The patient's condition slowly deteriorated, median sternotomy and exploration of mediastinum then followed. Unfortunately no fish bone was found and only mediastinal hematoma was discovered. After the first operation the patient condition did not improve and repeat CT scan of the neck and upper thorax was done 3 days later. A similar foreign body has now moved from the superior aspect of the arch of aorta to the anterolateral aspect of arch of aorta. Exploration was done again and this time the fish bone was found.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bone and Bones*
  13. Gross, radiology and ultrasonographic evaluation of coral post-implantation in sheep femur
    Fadilah A, Zuki AB, Loqman MY, Zamri-Saad M, Norimah Y, Asnah H
    Med J Malaysia, 2004 May;59 Suppl B:178-9.
    PMID: 15468876
    The study was carried out to evaluate macroscopically the ability of coral to repair a large size bone defect. A total 12 adult, male sheep were used in the study. The large bone defect (2.5cm x 0.5cm x 0.5cm) was created surgically on the left proximal femur and replaced by a block of coral (Porites sp.). Radiographs were obtained immediately after surgery and at 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks post-implantation. Ultrasonographic examinations were carried out every 2 weeks after implantation up to 12 weeks using ultrasound machine (TOSHIBA Capasee II) connected with 7MHz frequency transducer. The sheep were euthanased at 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks post-implantation and the bone examined grossly. Both ultrasonographs and radiographs taken at 8 and 12 weeks showed that the implants had been resorbed and left the space that much reduced in size. There was no sign of implant rejection observed in all animals. The results showed that processed coral has potential to become bone substitute for reconstructive bone surgery.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bone and Bones/pathology*
  14. Locally produced bovine bone sponge as a haemostatic agent
    Ang CY, Samsudin AR, Karima AM, Nizam A
    Med J Malaysia, 2004 May;59 Suppl B:149-50.
    PMID: 15468862
    The aim of this study was to evaluate the morphological and biological properties of a locally produced "Bovine Bone Sponge" for use in dentistry. Bovine bone sponge was prepared from local calf bone. Endotoxin level and surface properties were investigated. The pore size and water uptake ability were measured and results were compared with the commercial haemostatic agent. The material was tested for its haemostatic property and its inhibition of alveolar bone resorption in a sheep model following dental extraction. Results revealed a significant difference in haemostatic effect, and a shorter bleeding time and a lower rate of alveolar bone resorption in bovine bone sponge compare to a commercial haemostatic agent.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bone and Bones*
  15. Chromosome aberration test for hydroxyapatite in sheep
    Kannan TP, Nik Ahmad Shah NL, Azlina A, Samsudin AR, Narazah MY, Salleh M
    Med J Malaysia, 2004 May;59 Suppl B:168-9.
    PMID: 15468871
    The present study is aimed at finding the mutagenicity and cytotoxicity of dense form of synthetic hydroxyapatite (Source: School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia) in the blood of sheep. The biomaterial was implanted in the tibia of Malin, an indigenous sheep breed of Malaysia. Blood was collected from the sheep before implantation of the biomaterial, cultured and a karyological study was made. Six weeks after implantation, blood was collected from the same animal, cultured and screened for chromosome aberrations. The mitotic indices and karyological analysis indicated that the implantation of synthetic hydroxyapatite (dense form) did not produce any cytotoxicity or chromosome aberrations in the blood of sheep.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bone and Bones/pathology
  16. Engineering of various types of tissues in immunocompetent animals and its potential for clinical application
    Cao Y
    Med J Malaysia, 2004 May;59 Suppl B:2.
    PMID: 15468789
    Matched MeSH terms: Bone and Bones/cytology
  17. Fulltext The relationship between metabolic syndrome and osteoporosis: a review
    Wong SK, Chin KY, Suhaimi FH, Ahmad F, Ima-Nirwana S
    Nutrients, 2016 Jun 07;8(6).
    PMID: 27338453 DOI: 10.3390/nu8060347
    Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and osteoporosis are two major healthcare problems worldwide. Metabolic syndrome is a constellation of medical conditions consisting of central obesity, hyperglycemia, hypertension, and dyslipidemia, in which each acts on bone tissue in different ways. The growing prevalence of MetS and osteoporosis in the population along with the controversial findings on the relationship between both conditions suggest the importance for further investigation and discussion on this topic. This review aims to assess the available evidence on the effects of each component of MetS on bone metabolism from the conventional to the contemporary. Previous studies suggested that the two conditions shared some common underlying pathways, which include regulation of calcium homeostasis, receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL)/receptor activator of the NF-κB (RANK)/osteoprotegerin (OPG) and Wnt-β-catenin signaling pathways. In conclusion, we suggest that MetS may have a potential role in developing osteoporosis and more studies are necessary to further prove this hypothesis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bone and Bones/metabolism
  18. Fulltext Osteoimmunology: Major and Costimulatory Pathway Expression Associated with Chronic Inflammatory Induced Bone Loss
    Crotti TN, Dharmapatni AA, Alias E, Haynes DR
    J Immunol Res, 2015;2015:281287.
    PMID: 26064999 DOI: 10.1155/2015/281287
    The field of osteoimmunology has emerged in response to the range of evidences demonstrating the close interrelationship between the immune system and bone metabolism. This is pertinent to immune-mediated diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and periodontal disease, where there are chronic inflammation and local bone erosion. Periprosthetic osteolysis is another example of chronic inflammation with associated osteolysis. This may also involve immune mediation when occurring in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Similarities in the regulation and mechanisms of bone loss are likely to be related to the inflammatory cytokines expressed in these diseases. This review highlights the role of immune-related factors influencing bone loss particularly in diseases of chronic inflammation where there is associated localized bone loss. The importance of the balance of the RANKL-RANK-OPG axis is discussed as well as the more recently appreciated role that receptors and adaptor proteins involved in the immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM) signaling pathway play. Although animal models are briefly discussed, the focus of this review is on the expression of ITAM associated molecules in relation to inflammation induced localized bone loss in RA, chronic periodontitis, and periprosthetic osteolysis, with an emphasis on the soluble and membrane bound factor osteoclast-associated receptor (OSCAR).
    Matched MeSH terms: Bone and Bones/metabolism*
  19. Effectiveness of bone cleaning process using chemical and entomology approaches: time and cost
    Lai PS, Khoo LS, Mohd Hilmi S, Ahmad Hafizam H, Mohd Shah M, Nurliza A, et al.
    Malays J Pathol, 2015 Aug;37(2):123-35.
    PMID: 26277669 MyJurnal
    Skeletal examination is an important aspect of forensic pathology practice, requiring effective bone cleaning with minimal artefact. This study was conducted to compare between chemical and entomology methods of bone cleaning. Ten subjects between 20 and 40 years old who underwent uncomplicated medico-legal autopsies at the Institute of Forensic Medicine Malaysia were randomly chosen for this descriptive cross sectional study. The sternum bone was divided into 4 parts, each part subjected to a different cleaning method, being two chemical approaches i.e. laundry detergent and a combination of 6% hydrogen peroxide and powder sodium bicarbonate and two entomology approaches using 2nd instar maggots of Chrysomyia rufifacies and Ophyra spinigera. A scoring system for grading the outcome of cleaning was used. The effectiveness of the methods was evaluated based on average weight reduction per day and median number of days to achieve the average score of less than 1.5 within 12 days of the bone cleaning process. Using maggots was the most time-effective and costeffective method, achieving an average weight reduction of 1.4 gm per day, a median of 11.3 days to achieve the desired score and an average cost of MYR 4.10 per case to reach the desired score within 12 days. This conclusion was supported by blind validation by forensic specialists achieving a 77.8% preference for maggots. Emission scanning electron microscopy evaluation also revealed that maggots especially Chrysomyia rufifacies preserved the original condition of the bones better allowing improved elucidation of bone injuries in future real cases.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bone and Bones*
  20. Fulltext In Vitro Study of Surface Modified Poly(ethylene glycol)-Impregnated Sintered Bovine Bone Scaffolds on Human Fibroblast Cells
    Pramanik S, Ataollahi F, Pingguan-Murphy B, Oshkour AA, Osman NAA
    Sci Rep, 2015 May 07;5:9806.
    PMID: 25950377 DOI: 10.1038/srep09806
    Scaffold design from xenogeneic bone has the potential for tissue engineering (TE). However, major difficulties impede this potential, such as the wide range of properties in natural bone. In this study, sintered cortical bones from different parts of a bovine-femur impregnated with biodegradable poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) binder by liquid phase adsorption were investigated. Flexural mechanical properties of the PEG-treated scaffolds showed that the scaffold is stiffer and stronger at a sintering condition of 1000°C compared with 900°C. In vitro cytotoxicity of the scaffolds evaluated by Alamar Blue assay and microscopic tests on human fibroblast cells is better at 1000°C compared with that at 900°C. Furthermore, in vitro biocompatibility and flexural property of scaffolds derived from different parts of a femur depend on morphology and heat-treatment condition. Therefore, the fabricated scaffolds from the distal and proximal parts at 1000°C are potential candidates for hard and soft TE applications, respectively.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bone and Bones*
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