Displaying publications 101 - 120 of 1211 in total

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  1. A monoclonal antibody to ameliorate central nervous system infection and improve survival in a murine model of human Enterovirus-A71 encephalomyelitis
    Tan SH, Ong KC, Perera D, Wong KT
    Antiviral Res, 2016 Aug;132:196-203.
    PMID: 27340013 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2016.04.015
    BACKGROUND: Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) encephalomyelitis is an often fatal disease for which there is no specific treatment available. Passive immunization with a specific monoclonal antibody to EV-A71 was used on a murine model of EV-A71 encephalomyelitis to evaluate its therapeutic effectiveness before and after established central nervous system (CNS) infection.

    METHODS: Mice were intraperitoneally-infected with a mouse-adapted EV-A71 strain and treated with a dose of monoclonal antibody (MAb) daily for 3 days on day 1, 2 and 3 post-infection or for 3 days on 3, 4 and 5 post-infection. Treatment effectiveness was evaluated by signs of infection and survival rate. Histopathology and qPCR analyses were performed on mice sacrificed a day after completing treatment.

    RESULTS: In mock-treated mice, CNS infection was established from day 3 post-infection. All mice treated before established CNS infection, survived and recovered completely without CNS infection. All mice treated after established CNS infection survived with mild paralysis, and viral load and antigens/RNA at day 6 post-infection were significantly reduced.

    CONCLUSIONS: Passive immunization with our MAb could prevent CNS infection in mice if given early before the establishment of CNS infection. It could also ameliorate established CNS infection if optimal and repeated doses were given.

    Matched MeSH terms: Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology; Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology*; Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology; Antibodies, Neutralizing/pharmacology*
  2. Fulltext Development of enhanced antibody response toward dual delivery of nano-adjuvant adsorbed human Enterovirus-71 vaccine encapsulated carrier
    Saeed MI, Omar AR, Hussein MZ, Elkhidir IM, Sekawi Z
    Hum Vaccin Immunother, 2015;11(10):2414-24.
    PMID: 26186664 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2015.1052918
    This study introduces a new approach for enhancing immunity toward mucosal vaccines. HEV71 killed vaccine that is formulated with nanosize calcium phosphate adjuvant and encapsulated onto chitosan and alginate delivery carriers was examined for eliciting antibody responses in serum and saliva collected at weeks 0, 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 for viral-specific IgA & IgG levels and viral neutralizing antibody titers. The antibody responses induced in rabbits by the different formulations delivered by a single (buccal) route were compared to those of dual immunization (intradermal / mucosal) and un-immunized control. Chitosan-loaded vaccine adjuvant induced elevated IgA antibody, while Alginate-adjuvant irreversible bonding sequestered the vaccine and markedly reduced immunogenicity. The induced mucosal and parenteral antibody profiles appeared in an inverse manner of enhanced mucosal IgA antibody accompanied by lower systemic IgG following a single oral immunization route. The combined intradermal and oral dual-immunized group developed an elevated salivary IgA, systemic IgG, and virus neutralizing response. A reduced salivary neutralizing antibody titer was observed and attributed to the continual secretion exchanges in saliva. Designing a successful mucosal delivery formulation needs to take into account the vaccine delivery site, dosage, adjuvant and carrier particle size, charge, and the reversibility of component interactions. The dual immunization seems superior and is a important approach for modulating the antibody response and boosting mucosal protection against HEV71 and similar pathogens based on their transmission mode, tissue tropism and shedding sites. Finally, the study has highlighted the significant role of dual immunization for simultaneous inducing and modulating the systemic and mucosal immune responses to EV71.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antibodies, Viral/analysis*; Antibodies, Viral/blood; Antibodies, Neutralizing/analysis*; Antibodies, Neutralizing/blood
  3. Phage display of recombinant antibodies toward Burkholderia pseudomallei exotoxin
    Nathan S, Li H, Mohamed R, Embi N
    J. Biochem. Mol. Biol. Biophys., 2002 Feb;6(1):45-53.
    PMID: 12186782
    We have used the phagemid pComb3H to construct recombinant phages displaying the single chain variable fragment (ScFv) towards exotoxin of Burkholderia pseudomallei. Variable heavy and light chain fragments were amplified from the hybridoma 6E6A8F3B line, with a wide spectrum of primers specific to mouse antibody genes. Through overlapping extension polymerase chain reaction, the heavy and light chain fragments were linked to form the ScFv which was subsequently cloned into the phage display vector and transformed into ER2537 cells to yield a complexity of 10(8) clones. The transformants were screened by four rounds of biopanning against the exotoxin and resulted in selective enrichment of exotoxin-binding antibodies by 301 fold. The phage pool from the final round of selection displayed antibodies of high-affinity to the exotoxin as demonstrated by ELISA. Several clones were selected randomly from this pool and analysed by restriction enzyme digestion, fingerprinting and sequencing. Restriction analysis confirmed that all clones carried a 700-800 bp insert whose sequences, in general, corresponded to that of mouse IgG. Fingerprinting profiles delineated the antibodies into two families with different CDR sequences.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antibodies, Bacterial/genetics*; Antibodies, Bacterial/immunology; Antibodies, Monoclonal/genetics*; Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
  4. Sera of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus cross-neutralizes dengue viruses
    Zainal N, Tan KK, Johari J, Hussein H, Wan Musa WR, Hassan J, et al.
    Microbiol. Immunol., 2018 Oct;62(10):659-672.
    PMID: 30259549 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12652
    Dengue is the most prevalent mosquito-borne disease in Southeast Asia, where the incidence of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is approximately 30 to 53 per 100,000. Severe dengue, however, is rarely reported among individuals with SLE. Here, whether sera of patients with SLE cross-neutralize dengue virus (DENV) was investigated. Serum samples were obtained from individuals with SLE who were dengue IgG and IgM serology negative. Neutralization assays were performed against the three major DENV serotypes. Of the dengue serology negative sera of individuals with SLE, 60%, 61% and 52% of the sera at 1/320 dilution showed more than 50% inhibition against dengue type-1 virus (DENV-1), DENV-2 and DENV-3, respectively. The neutralizing capacity of the sera was significantly greater against DENV-1 (P 
    Matched MeSH terms: Antibodies, Viral/blood; Antibodies, Viral/immunology*; Antibodies, Neutralizing/blood; Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology*
  5. Fulltext Development of a Phage Display Panning Strategy Utilizing Crude Antigens: Isolation of MERS-CoV Nucleoprotein human antibodies
    Lim CC, Woo PCY, Lim TS
    Sci Rep, 2019 Apr 15;9(1):6088.
    PMID: 30988390 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42628-6
    Antibody phage display has been pivotal in the quest to generate human monoclonal antibodies for biomedical and research applications. Target antigen preparation is a main bottleneck associated with the panning process. This includes production complexity, downstream purification, quality and yield. In many instances, purified antigens are preferred for panning but this may not be possible for certain difficult target antigens. Here, we describe an improved procedure of affinity selection against crude or non-purified antigen by saturation of non-binders with blocking agents to promote positive binder enrichment termed as Yin-Yang panning. A naïve human scFv library with kappa light chain repertoire with a library size of 109 was developed. The improved Yin-Yang biopanning process was able to enrich monoclonal antibodies specific to the MERS-CoV nucleoprotein. Three unique monoclonal antibodies were isolated in the process. The Yin-Yang biopanning method highlights the possibility of utilizing crude antigens for the isolation of monoclonal antibodies by phage display.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antibodies, Viral/immunology; Antibodies, Viral/isolation & purification*; Single-Chain Antibodies/immunology; Single-Chain Antibodies/isolation & purification
  6. Anti-idiotype vaccine against cancer
    Bhattacharya-Chatterjee M, Chatterjee SK, Foon KA
    Immunol Lett, 2000 Sep 15;74(1):51-8.
    PMID: 10996628
    Immunization with anti-idiotype (Id) antibodies represents a novel new approach to active immunotherapy. Extensive studies in animal tumor models have demonstrated the efficacy of anti-Id vaccines in preventing tumor growth and curing mice with established tumor. We have developed and characterized several murine monoclonal anti-Id antibodies (Ab2) which mimic distinct human tumor-associated antigens (TAA) and can be used as surrogate antigens for triggering active anti-tumor immunity in cancer patients. Encouraging results have been obtained in recent clinical trials. In this article, we will review the existing literature and summarize our own findings showing the potential of this approach for various human cancers. We will also discuss where anti-Id vaccines may perform better than traditional antigen vaccines.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic/immunology*; Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic/therapeutic use*; Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology; Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use
  7. Screening and subcloning of high producer transfectomas using semisolid media and automated colony picker
    Dharshanan S, Hung CS
    Methods Mol Biol, 2014;1131:105-12.
    PMID: 24515462 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-992-5_7
    Generation of high-producing clones is a perquisite for achieving recombinant protein yields suitable for biopharmaceutical production. However, in many industrially important cell lines used to produce recombinant proteins such as Chinese hamster ovary, mouse myeloma line (NS0), and hybridomas, only a minority of clones show significantly above-average productivity. Thus, in order to have a reasonable probability of finding rare high-producing clones, a large number of clones need to be screened. Limiting dilution cloning is the most commonly used method, owing to its relative simplicity and low cost. However the use of liquid media in this method makes the selection of monoclonal hybridoma and transfectoma colonies to be labor intensive and time consuming, thus significantly limiting the number of clones that can be feasibly screened. Hence, we describe the use of semisolid media to immobilize clones and a high-throughput, automated colony picker (ClonePix FL) to efficiently isolate monoclonal high-producing clones secreting monoclonal antibodies.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antibodies, Monoclonal/metabolism
  8. Fulltext Antibodies to henipavirus or henipa-like viruses in domestic pigs in Ghana, West Africa
    Hayman DT, Wang LF, Barr J, Baker KS, Suu-Ire R, Broder CC, et al.
    PLoS One, 2011;6(9):e25256.
    PMID: 21966471 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0025256
    Henipaviruses, Hendra virus (HeV) and Nipah virus (NiV), have Pteropid bats as their known natural reservoirs. Antibodies against henipaviruses have been found in Eidolon helvum, an old world fruit bat species, and henipavirus-like nucleic acid has been detected in faecal samples from E. helvum in Ghana. The initial outbreak of NiV in Malaysia led to over 265 human encephalitis cases, including 105 deaths, with infected pigs acting as amplifier hosts for NiV during the outbreak. We detected non-neutralizing antibodies against viruses of the genus Henipavirus in approximately 5% of pig sera (N = 97) tested in Ghana, but not in a small sample of other domestic species sampled under a E. helvum roost. Although we did not detect neutralizing antibody, our results suggest prior exposure of the Ghana pig population to henipavirus(es). Because a wide diversity of henipavirus-like nucleic acid sequences have been found in Ghanaian E. helvum, we hypothesise that these pigs might have been infected by henipavirus(es) sufficiently divergent enough from HeVor NiV to produce cross-reactive, but not cross-neutralizing antibodies to HeV or NiV.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antibodies, Viral/immunology*
  9. Prevalence of antibodies to influenza viruses among handlers of live pigs at three locations in Ibadan, Nigeria
    Adeola OA, Adeniji JA
    Vet. Ital., 2010 Apr-Jun;46(2):147-53.
    PMID: 20560124
    The authors investigated the prevalence of haemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibodies to four strains of influenza viruses among handlers of live pigs in Ibadan, Nigeria. Venous blood specimens were collected from thirty pig handlers (out of a total of forty-eight) at three locations in Ibadan in April and May 2008. The overall prevalence of antibodies to influenza viruses was 100%, while those of influenza A and B viruses were 68.3% and 58.3%, respectively. The prevalence of influenza A/Brisbane/59/2007 (H1N1), A/Brisbane/10/2007 (H3N2), B/Shanghai/361/2002-like and B/Malaysia/2506/2004-like was 46.7%, 90.0%, 76.7% and 40.0%, respectively. A total of 96.7% (n = 30) of pig handlers tested had polytypic influenza antibody reactions. This is the first report to document the prevalence of influenza antibodies among pig handlers in Nigeria and shows that humans who have regular and direct contact with live pigs in Ibadan are exposed to different strains of influenza viruses.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antibodies, Viral/blood*
  10. Development of an indirect enzyme immunoassay using monoclonal antibodies for the measurement of 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone in human serum
    Chong H, Cheah SH, Ragavan M, Johgalingam VT
    J Immunoassay Immunochem, 2009;30(2):166-79.
    PMID: 19330642 DOI: 10.1080/15321810902782863
    An indirect enzyme immunoassay for the measurement of total 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone (17OHP) in serum using monoclonal antibodies generated in our laboratory was developed. Here, (a) instead of extraction with solvents, serum was heated to free protein-bound 17OHP and assay was performed at pH 9.6, (b) to ensure uniform assay conditions for both standards and samples, buffer for standards contained charcoal-stripped pre-heated pooled cord serum. Assays were done in 96-well EIA microplates pre-coated with 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone-3-(o-carboxymethyl)oxime: bovine serum albumin. Secondary antibody was horseradish peroxidase-linked sheep anti-mouse IgG polyclonal antibody. The method was accurate and suitable for screening for congenital adrenal hyperplasia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology*
  11. Fulltext Immunogenicity of a plasma-derived hepatitis B vaccine in children and adults
    Sinniah M, Halimah M, Krishnamurthy T, Lye MS, Choo CH, Shamsiah I
    Med J Malaysia, 1994 Dec;49(4):336-40.
    PMID: 7674968
    Immunisation of health care workers and staff working in laboratory and hospital settings has been implemented since 1988. However due to the high cost of currently available HBV vaccine, many health personnel outside the Ministry of Health are not being immunised. This study sought to determine the immunogenicity of three doses of a low cost plasma-derived Korean HBV vaccine on employees of an institute for mentally handicapped and their spouses and children. We found that the Hepatitis B Vaccine-KGCC to be safe and immunogenic. The response to 10 mcg and 20 mcg Hepatitis B Vaccine-KGCC after third dose was good with 100% seroconversion.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hepatitis B Antibodies/analysis*
  12. Fulltext Laboratory acquired murine typhus--a case report
    Norazah A, Mazlah A, Cheong YM, Kamel AG
    Med J Malaysia, 1995 Jun;50(2):177-9.
    PMID: 7565191
    A 34-year-old laboratory worker developed murine typhus after an accidental splashing of Rickettsia typhi over her right eye and lips. Indirect immunoperoxidase test showed a four-fold increase in titre to Rickettsia typhi. She responded well to doxycycline.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antibodies, Bacterial/analysis
  13. Fulltext Antibody to hepatitis C virus in thalassemia patients
    Isahak I, Baharin R, Hakim AS, Abu Bakar M, George E
    Malays J Pathol, 1993 Jun;15(1):85-7.
    PMID: 8277796
    A specific enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for the diagnosis of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection was developed by recombinant DNA technology. Abbott HCV EIA was used to detect antibody to HCV (anti-HCV) in non-transfused and multiply-transfused thalassemia patients. None of 11 non-transfused patients had anti-HCV but 3 of 52 (5.8%) multiply-transfused patients had anti-HCV. This study showed that the prevalence rate of HCV infection is low in thalassemia patients. However, it is still important to identify hepatitis C virus infected patients in high risk groups because hepatitis C is associated with chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hepatitis Antibodies/analysis*
  14. Antigenic comparisons of hog cholera virus isolates from Europe, America and Asia using monoclonal antibodies
    Edwards S, Sands JJ
    DTW. Dtsch. Tierarztl. Wochenschr., 1990 Feb;97(2):79-81.
    PMID: 2178905
    Nineteen monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) with specificity for hog cholera virus (HCV) were prepared. They were used in an immune binding (peroxidase linked) assay to determine the reaction patterns of HCV isolates from Europe, Brazil, USA, Japan and Malaysia, as well as laboratory reference strains of the virus. A further panel of 17 MAbs raised against bovine virus diarrhoea virus (BVDV) was included in the study, together with 5 MAbs raised against a non-HCV pestivirus of porcine origin. All the MAbs were also tested against representative strains of BVDV and border disease virus. Six MAbs were HCV-specific, reacting with all isolates of HCV and none of the ruminant viruses. Among the other HCV MAbs geographical variation in reaction patterns was observed. There was evidence of antigenic distinction between recent European isolates, and archive material originally isolated more than 10 years ago.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology*
  15. Fulltext Dot enzyme immunoassay: an alternative diagnostic aid for dengue fever and dengue haemorrhagic fever
    Cardosa MJ, Tio PH
    Bull World Health Organ, 1991;69(6):741-5.
    PMID: 1786623
    A dot enzyme immunoassay (DEIA) for the detection of antibodies to dengue virus was tested for use as a tool in the presumptive diagnosis of dengue fever and dengue haemorrhagic fever. Paired sera from the following groups of patients were tested using the DEIA and the haemagglutination inhibition (HI) test: those with primary dengue fever; those experiencing a second dengue infection; and febrile patients who did not have dengue. The data obtained show that the DEIA can be effectively used at a serum dilution of 1:1000 to confirm presumptive recent dengue in patients with a second dengue infection. However, demonstration of seroconversion proved necessary for patients with primary dengue. At a serum dilution of 1:1000 the DEIA has a specificity of 97.3%. The role of this simple and rapid test in improving the effectivity of programmes for the control of dengue virus infection is discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antibodies, Viral/isolation & purification*
  16. Fulltext Serum antibodies to defined carbohydrate antigens during the course of treated leprosy
    Gelber RH, Li F, Cho SN, Byrd S, Rajagopalan K, Brennan PJ
    Int. J. Lepr. Other Mycobact. Dis., 1989 Dec;57(4):744-51.
    PMID: 2681457
    Sequential monitoring of 724 sera for antibodies to a neoantigen based on phenolic glycolipid-I (PGL-I) and native lipoarabinomannan (LAM) in 90 leprosy patients undergoing therapy in San Francisco was conducted. Untreated lepromatous patients frequently (91%) had significant antibodies to both moieties. Antibodies were less frequently found in tuberculoid patients (74% to neoantigen and 37% to LAM). In the first 3 years of treatment, average serum antibodies to both moieties fell significantly. Antibodies to LAM fell during each of the first 4 years of therapy, but decreasing antibody levels to the PGL-I neoantigen did not appear to fall consistently after the third year of treatment. A wide variation in the rate of fall of serum antibodies was noted. Sequential changes in the amounts of serum antibodies to the neoantigen and LAM in general paralleled one another but were at times discrepant. Both in San Francisco and Malaysia, skin-smear negative, long-term treated, lepromatous leprosy patients frequently harbored significant antibodies to both PGL-I and LAM.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antibodies, Bacterial/analysis*
  17. Fulltext Dengue haemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome: are they tumour necrosis factor-mediated disorders?
    Yadav M, Kamath KR, Iyngkaran N, Sinniah M
    FEMS Microbiol Immunol, 1991 Dec;4(1):45-9.
    PMID: 1815710 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1991.tb04969.x
    A consecutive series of 24 patients with clinical features of primary dengue infection and 22 controls (14 patients with viral fever of unknown origin and 8 healthy subjects) were assayed for serum levels of tumour necrosis factor (TNF). The acute sera of the 24 patients with clinical dengue infection were positive for dengue virus-specific IgM antibody. Clinically, 8 had dengue fever (DF), 14 dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) and 2 dengue shock syndrome (DSS). All 16 patients with DHF/DSS had significantly elevated serum TNF levels but the 8 DF patients had TNF levels equivalent to that in the 22 controls. A case is made for augmented TNF production having a role for the pathophysiological changes observed in DHF/DSS and mediator modulation as a possible therapeutic approach to treatment.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antibodies, Viral/analysis
  18. A sensitive malaria immunoperoxidase assay for the detection of Plasmodium falciparum antibody
    Lim TS
    Am J Trop Med Hyg, 1988 Mar;38(2):255-7.
    PMID: 3281491
    A new and rapid malaria immunoperoxidase assay using the enzyme horseradish peroxidase in place of fluorescein isothiocyanate was developed to allow the serological measurement of antimalarial antibody by light microscopy. Acetone-fixed thin blood films prepared from cultured Plasmodium falciparum were used as the source of antigen. This malaria immunoperoxidase assay is as sensitive as, and occasionally more sensitive than, the indirect fluorescent antibody assay. It is easy to perform and the antigen used does not show cross-reactivity with sera from nonmalarial diseases.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antibodies, Protozoan/analysis*
  19. Development of antibody to Rickettsia tsutsugamushi in soldiers in Malaysia
    Brown GW, Shirai A, Groves MG
    Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 1983;77(2):225-7.
    PMID: 6408770
    Malaysian, British and New Zealand soldiers were tested for evidence of infection with Rickettsia tsutsugamushi after several weeks' exposure to the infection during field exercises in Malaysia. 39 (5.0%) of 787 British and New Zealand soldiers developed immunofluorescent antibody (IFA) to R. tsutsugamushi to a titre of 1:50 and two (0.3%) to a titre of 1:100. 11 (1.5%) of 751 Malaysian soldiers also developed low titres less than or equal to 1:100. These low antibody levels were not correlated with clinical disease, and their significance is unknown. Seven (0.9%) of the Malaysians showed an IFA rise to greater than or equal to 1:200, and three of these experienced febrile illnesses, one lasting two weeks. An additional eight Malaysian soldiers had an IFA titre of greater than or equal to 1:400 when first tested and six of these also had a Proteus OXK agglutinin titre of greater than or equal to 1:160, indicating infection shortly before the study.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antibodies, Bacterial/biosynthesis*
  20. Studies on human filariasis in Malaysia: the application of an indirect hemagglutination technique for immunodiagnosis
    Singh M, Mackinlay LM, Kane GJ, Mak JW, Yap EH, Ho BC, et al.
    Am J Trop Med Hyg, 1980 Jul;29(4):548-52.
    PMID: 6996501
    The indirect hemagglutination (IHA) test done with turkey red cells was applied to 173 serum samples obtained from patients and persons exposed to Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia malayi in endemic areas of Peninsular Malaysia. A crude extract of adult worms of the rat filaria, Breinlia booliati, was used as the antigen. When a titer of 1:16 was taken as negative, positive IHA test rates in sera from microfilaria-negative persons in endemic areas, microfilaremic cases, and patients with clinical filariasis were 13%, 75%, and 80%, respectively. Results of the IHA test correlated well with results obtained with the indirect fluorescent technique.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antibodies/analysis
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