Displaying publications 101 - 120 of 332 in total

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  1. Fulltext Nucleotide and encoded amino acid sequences of the capsid protein gene of three dengue-2 viruses isolated in Malaysia from patients with dengue haemorrhagic fever, dengue shock syndrome or dengue fever
    Samuel S, Koh CL, Pang T, Lam SK
    Nucleic Acids Res, 1990 Apr 11;18(7):1904.
    PMID: 2336373
  2. Congenital cleft lip and palate in Singapore
    Fong PH, Yeap CL, Lee ST
    Ann Acad Med Singap, 1983 Apr;12(2 Suppl):363-5.
    PMID: 6625521
    Cleft lip and palate is the most common congenital abnormality seen in the Department of Plastic Surgery, Singapore General Hospital. A total of 461 operative cases seen over a period of 5 years (1977 to 1981) is analysed. There is a relatively high incidence in the Singapore population of 2.0 per 1000 live births. In both cleft lip and cleft palate deformities, there is no significant difference in the sex distribution. The cleft patterns show that 78% of the cases are unilateral clefts, 53% are left sided, 25% are right sided and 22% of the cases are bilateral clefts.
  3. p-O-geranylcoumaric acid from Melicope lunu-ankenda
    Ramli I, Kamarulzaman NH, Shaari K, Ee GC
    Nat Prod Res, 2004 Aug;18(4):289-94.
    PMID: 15214478
    Leaf extracts of Melicope lunu-ankenda were chemically studied and found to contain mixtures of hydrocarbons and squalene, fatty acids and esters. A geranylated coumaric acid was isolated as the major compound. The crude dichloromethane and methanol extracts of the leaves were found to be strongly larvicidal with LC50 values below 20 microg mL(-1). This is a first isolation of p-O-geranylcoumaric acid from this plant.
  4. Temporary cardiopulmonary bypass and isolated lung ventilation for tracheal stenosis and reconstruction
    Chiu CL, Teh BT, Wang CY
    Br J Anaesth, 2003 Nov;91(5):742-4.
    PMID: 14570801
    A 27-yr-old lady with a past history of prolonged ventilation presented with worsening respiratory distress caused by tracheal stenosis. She required urgent tracheal resection and reconstruction. Because of the risk of an acute respiratory obstruction, spinal anaesthesia was used to establish cardiopulmonary bypass by cannulating the femoral artery and femoral vein. Adequate gas exchange was possible with full flow rate. Thoracotomy was then carried out to mobilize the left main bronchus. After successfully securing an airway by intubation of the left main bronchus, cardiopulmonary bypass was discontinued and tracheal resection and anastomosis was done under conventional one lung anaesthesia.
  5. Some clinical problems of a psychiatric day centre
    Teoh CL, Woon TH, Sim SH
    Med J Malaysia, 1973 Dec;28(2):80-3.
    PMID: 4276264
  6. PCR identification and phylogenetic analysis of the medically important dust mite Suidasia medanensis (Acari: Suidasiidae) in Malaysia
    Ernieenor FCL, Ernna G, Jafson AS, Mariana A
    Exp Appl Acarol, 2018 Sep;76(1):99-107.
    PMID: 30151715 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-018-0285-4
    The occurrence of Suidasia medanensis (= S. pontifica) mites in Malaysian house dust was first reported in 1984. The taxonomy of this storage mite is, however, quite confusing. Therefore, we need an accurate identification to resolve morphological problems due to its minute size and some overlapping characters between species. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the application of partial mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) sequences for the identification of S. medanensis by PCR. Identity of the mite was first determined by observing morphological characters under a light microscope. Genomic DNA of S. medanensis mites was successfully extracted prior to PCR and DNA sequencing using COI universal primers. The length of the COI sequences obtained was 378 bp. BLAST analysis of amplicon sequences showed that local S. medanensis COI region had 99% maximum identity with S. medanensis nucleotide sequence (AY525568) available in the GenBank. As the phylogenetic tree generated indicated, COI sequences from this study were clustered with S. medanensis from Korea and the UK in one major clade, supported with high bootstrap value (> 85%). Results of the phylogenetic analysis of this COI gene were congruent with the morphological identification and provided strong support for a single clade of local S. medanensis.
  7. Description and characterization of questing hard tick, Dermacentor steini (Acari: Ixodidae) in Malaysia based on phenotypic and genotypic traits
    Ernieenor FCL, Apanaskevich DA, Ernna G, Mariana A
    Exp Appl Acarol, 2020 Jan;80(1):137-149.
    PMID: 31832837 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-019-00439-4
    Identifying certain species of Dermacentor ticks in Malaysia is challenging as there is no comprehensive work on their systematics and lack of specific taxonomic keys. In this study, we described and characterized D. steini ticks collected from a forest reserve in the vicinity of the Forest Research Institute of Malaysia using integrated phenotypic and genotypic traits. In total two males and three females of questing D. steini ticks were morphologically identified using specific illustrated taxonomic keys based on their special characters. Further confirmation and characterization of the tick species were then examined using PCR, followed by sequencing partial mitochondrial 16S rDNA gene (mt-rrs). Clustering analysis based on mt-rrs was carried out by constructing neighbor-joining tree topology to clarify the genetic variation of local D. steini. Based on external morphological characterizations, all ticks were successfully identified down to the species as adult D. steini. The molecular traits based on phylogenetic tree provide very strong support for the monophyletic clade of D. steini including high percentages of similarity (97-100%) with available sequences in GenBank. Furthermore, a low intraspecific variation (4%) among the species of D. steini was observed but it was genetically different from other Dermacentor species with high interspecific value (8-15%). These findings produced the first genotypic data of D. steini using 16S rDNA gene which confirmed the presence of this species in Malaysia. Moreover, this study supports the taxonomic status of local D. steini and adds to the knowledge of accurate identification of ticks.
  8. First Report of Fusarium Wilt Caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. passiflorae on Passion Fruit in North America
    Rooney-Latham S, Blomquist CL, Scheck HJ
    Plant Dis, 2011 Nov;95(11):1478.
    PMID: 30731749 DOI: 10.1094/PDIS-03-11-0261
    Passiflora edulis Sims f. edulis, known as purple passion fruit, is a woody, perennial vine that is grown for its attractive two-part flower and its purple, edible fruit (4). In November 2009, passion fruit vines were collected during a regulatory nursery inspection in Santa Barbara County and submitted to the California Department of Food and Agriculture Plant Pest Diagnostics Laboratory. Nearly 100% of the plants inspected, all of which were approximately 1.25 m tall, appeared stunted, defoliated, and severely wilted. Dark brown vascular discoloration was present in the roots and lower stems of the plants. A pinkish violet Fusarium oxysporum colony containing chlamydospores, multiseptate macroconidia, and microconidia formed on monophialidic conidiophores was consistently isolated from roots and stems onto half-strength acidified potato dextrose agar (aPDA). All further experiments were done with an isolate obtained from a single conidium. A portion of the translation elongation factor gene (TEF-1α) was amplified and sequenced with primers ef1 and ef2 from our isolate (GenBank No. JF332039) (3). BLAST analysis of the 615-bp amplicon with the FUSARIUM-ID database showed 99% similarity with a F. oxysporum passion fruit isolate from Australia (NRRL 38273) (3). To confirm pathogenicity, washed roots of four-leaf stage seedlings approximately 10 cm tall were submerged in a conidial spore suspension (106 spores/ml) for 15 min. The conidial suspension was prepared by flooding 10-day-old cultures grown on aPDA medium with sterile distilled water. Seven seedlings were inoculated and planted in 10-cm2 pots and kept in a 25°C growth chamber with a 12-h photoperiod. Seven seedlings were mock inoculated with sterile water. After 3 weeks, four of the seven inoculated plants had leaves with yellow veins and discolored roots and had partially defoliated. Two of the four symptomatic plants also had brown stem cankers. F. oxysporum grew from the isolated roots and stems of all the inoculated plants. F. oxysporum did not grow from root and stem pieces from the water-dipped plants and the plants remained asymptomatic. Inoculations were repeated on plants approximately 15 cm tall with F. oxysporum growing from roots and stem pieces of all inoculated plants. Symptoms of yellow veins and root necrosis were not observed until 4 weeks after inoculation. Fusarium wilt caused by F. oxysporum f. sp. passiflorae is a significant disease of P. edulis f. edulis in Australia. The disease has also been reported in South Africa, Malaysia, Brazil, Panama, and Venezuela; but it is unclear as to whether the symptoms were caused by Fusarium wilt or Haematonectria canker (1). Banana poka (P. mollissima), P. ligularis, and P. foetida are also susceptible hosts (2). To our knowledge, this is the first report of Fusarium wilt caused by F. oxysporum f. sp. passiflorae on passion fruit in North America. Passion fruit is not commercially produced for consumption in California so the economic importance of this disease appears to be limited to nursery production and ornamental landscapes. The grower of the California nursery stated that the infected passion fruit plants had been propagated on site from seed. The source of inoculum at this nursery remains unknown. References: (1) I. H. Fischer and J. A. M. Rezende. Pest Tech. 2:1, 2008 (2) D. E. Garder. Plant. Dis. 73:476, 1989. (3) D. M. Geiser et al. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 110:473, 2004. (4) F. W. Martin et al. Econ. Bot. 24:333, 1970.
  9. Providing guidelines and education is not enough: an audit of gentamicin use at The Royal Melbourne Hospital
    Leong CL, Buising K, Richards M, Robertson M, Street A
    Intern Med J, 2006 Jan;36(1):37-42.
    PMID: 16409311
    BACKGROUND: Aminoglycoside antibiotics are commonly prescribed for the treatment of Gram-negative infections. Appropriate dosing and therapeutic monitoring of aminoglycosides are important because these agents have a narrow therapeutic index.
    AIM: To audit gentamicin use at our hospital, focusing on selection of the initial dose and therapeutic monitoring practices, and to compare the results against recommendations in the existing hospital aminoglycoside guidelines, which had recently been promoted to doctors.
    METHODS: This audit included all inpatients receiving gentamicin at The Royal Melbourne Hospital from 1 February to 12 March 2004. The principal researcher checked the drug charts of all inpatients to identify those receiving gentamicin and collected data from the medical records and the pathology database. Doses were considered 'concordant' if the dose given was within the recommended dosing range +/-20 mg.
    RESULTS: A total of 132 courses of gentamicin was included in the study. Gentamicin was prescribed for prophylaxis in 31.1% of courses. Thirty-six per cent of patients prescribed gentamicin were more than 65 years of age. Eighty-two per cent of the gentamicin used therapeutically was given as a single daily dose. Sixty-six per cent of gentamicin initial dosing was not in accordance with existing hospital guidelines. Seventy-seven per cent of gentamicin courses requiring therapeutic drug monitoring received such monitoring; however, in only 8.8% of these was the monitoring conducted according to guidelines.
    CONCLUSION: Aminoglycoside prescribing practices at our hospital are suboptimal, despite ready access to prescribing guidelines. Provision of a guideline and education sessions with doctors do not necessarily lead to widespread adoption of recommended practices. We suggest that changes to hospital systems related to prescribing and monitoring of aminoglycosides are required.
  10. Fulltext Explaining Osteomyelitis and Prosthetic Joint Infections (PJI) in terms of Biofilm - A Review
    Singh S, Tan CL, Ahmad AR
    Malays Orthop J, 2021 Jul;15(2):1-8.
    PMID: 34429815 DOI: 10.5704/MOJ.2107.001
    Osteomyelitis is a chronic infection of bones. Eradication of bone infection is usually with antibiotics and debridement, but it is slow and the infection can recur even after many years. It is now established that osteomyelitis is due to biofilm and a better understanding of the process is required. We review the development of biofilm and apply it to osteomyelitis management. The planktonic microbes' response to adverse conditions is the formation of biofilm. Bacterial infections in planktonic forms cause infections that can be controlled with antibiotics and immunisation, however the same microbe when its phenotype becomes biofilm is more resilient. The understanding of how planktonic bacteria convert to biofilm is one of the aims set out for this article.
  11. Fulltext Association of energy intake and macronutrient composition with overweight and obesity in malay women from klang valley
    Lee CL, Norimah AK, Ismail MN
    Malays J Nutr, 2010 Aug;16(2):251-60.
    PMID: 22691930 MyJurnal
    This cross-sectional study investigates the association between energy intake and macronutrient composition of the diet with overweight and obesity among Malaysian women. One hundred and fifteen adult Malay women aged 20 to 59 years (mean age 37.2±7.6 years) were interviewed. Dietary intake was assessed using the food history method. Body weight status was assessed using weight, height, waist circumference and fat percentage measurements. When energy intake was assessed for accuracy, only 41% of the subjects (n=47) were normal energy reporters. Among the normal energy reporters, 55% were of normal weight whereas 32% and 13% were overweight and obese. Mean energy intake for normal weight, overweight and obese subjects was 1685±199 kcal/day, 1810±166 kcal/day and 2119±222 kcal/day, respectively. Energy intake increased with body mass index (BMI) category. Among the overweight and obese, energy intake was respectively higher by 125 kcal/day and 434 kcal/day as compared to their normal weight counterparts (p< 0.001). There was also a significant, moderate and positive correlation between energy intake and BMI (r=0.635), waist circumference (r=0.545), and body fat percentage (r=0.534). When macronutrient composition of diet was analysed (% energy and g/1000 kcal), there was no significant difference in carbohydrate, protein or fat intake between the obese, overweight and normal weight subjects. There was also no significant correlation between macronutrient composition of the diet and body weight status. Based on these findings, we conclude that the subjects' body weight status is likely to be influenced by energy intake rather than the macronutrient composition of the diet.
  12. A comparative study of the efficacy of chloroquine and a combination of dapsone and pyrimethamine in the prophylaxis of malaria in Peninsular Malaysia
    Ponnampalam JT, Seow CL, Roy OS
    J Trop Med Hyg, 1976 Oct;79(10):220-5.
    PMID: 796479
  13. House fly populations and their dispersion in Malaya with particular reference to the fly problem in the Cameron Highlands
    WHARTON RH, SEOW CL, GANAPATHIPILLAI A, JABARATNAM G
    Med J Malaya, 1962 Dec;17:115-31.
    PMID: 14000208
  14. Severe infections in systemic lupus erythematosus: disease pattern and predictors of infection-related mortality
    Teh CL, Wan SA, Ling GR
    Clin Rheumatol, 2018 Aug;37(8):2081-2086.
    PMID: 29667100 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-018-4102-6
    Infection is a major cause of morbidity and mortality among patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). To describe the pattern of serious infections in patients with SLE and to identify the predictors of infection-related mortality among SLE patients with serious infections, we prospectively studied all SLE patients who were hospitalized with infections in Sarawak General Hospital during 2011-2015. Demographic data, clinical features, and outcomes were collected. Cox regression analysis was carried out to determine the independent predictors of infection-related mortality. There were a total of 125 patients with 187 episodes of serious infections. Our patients were of multiethnic origins with female predominance (89.6%). Their mean age was 33.4 ± 14.2 years. The patients had a mean disease duration of 66.8 ± 74.0 months. The most common site of infection was pulmonary (37.9%), followed by septicemia (22.5%). Gram-negative organisms (38.2%) were the predominant isolates within the cohort. There were 21 deaths (11.2%) during the study period. Independent predictors of infection-related mortality among our cohort of SLE patients were flare of SLE (HR 3.98, CI 1.30-12.21) and the presence of bacteremia (HR 2.54, CI 0.98-6.59). Hydroxychloroquine was protective of mortality from serious infections (HR 9.26, CI 3.40-25.64). Pneumonia and Gram-negative organisms were the predominant pattern of infection in our SLE cohort. The presence of flare of SLE and bacteremia were independent prognostic predictors of infection-related mortality, whereas hydroxychloroquine was protective of infection-related mortality among SLE patients with serious infections.
  15. Fulltext Plasma-derived microparticles in polycythaemia vera
    Ahadon M, Abdul Aziz S, Wong CL, Leong CF
    Malays J Pathol, 2018 Apr;40(1):41-48.
    PMID: 29704383 MyJurnal
    INTRODUCTION: Microparticles are membrane bound vesicles, measuring less than 1.0 um, which are released during cellular activation or during apoptosis. Studies have shown that these circulating microparticles play a role in coagulation, cell signaling and cellular interactions. Increased levels of circulating microparticles have been observed in a number of conditions where there is vascular dysfunction, thrombosis and inflammation. The objective of this study was to determine the various plasma-derived microparticles in patients with polycythaemia vera (PV) in Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre and to compare them with normal control.

    METHODS: A total of 15 patients with PV and 15 healthy volunteers were included in this cross-sectional descriptive study. Plasma samples from both patients and healthy volunteers were prepared and further processed for isolation of microparticles. Flow cytometry analyses were then carried out in all samples to determine the cellular origin of the microparticles. Full blood count parameters for both groups were also collected. Data collected were analyzed using SPSS version 12.0.

    RESULTS: Patients with PV had a significantly higher percentage of platelet derived microparticles compared to healthy controls (P <0.05). The control group had a higher level of endothelial derived microparticles but the differences were not statistically significant (P > 0.05).

    CONCLUSION: The median percentage of positive events for platelet derived microparticles was higher in patients with PV compared to normal healthy controls.

  16. Fulltext Vascular Protective Effects of Morinda citrifolia Leaf Extract on Postmenopausal Rats Fed with Thermoxidized Palm Oil Diet: Evidence at Microscopic Level
    Chong CLG, Othman F, Hussan F
    Int J Vasc Med, 2018;2018:6317434.
    PMID: 30254765 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6317434
    Atherosclerosis is now well understood as an inflammatory disease instead of lipid storage disorder; however, the conventional treatment is not targeted on treating the inflammation. Morinda citrifolia L. (Rubiaceae) leaf or noni leaf, which is a medicinal food (ulam) used in Traditional Malay Medicine to prevent chronic diseases, may have the potential to be formulated into a functional antiatherosclerotic agent. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of Morinda citrifolia leaf extract (MCLE) treatment at histological and ultrastructural level, comparing it with Simvastatin. Thirty-eight female Sprague Dawley rats were divided into five groups: Sham (Sham), ovariectomized (OVX), ovariectomized with Simvastatin 10 mg/kg (OVX+ST), ovariectomized with low dose MC 500 mg/kg (OVX+MCLD), and ovariectomized with high dose MC 1000 mg/kg (OVX+MCHD). Atherosclerosis was induced by producing oestrogen deficiency through ovariectomy and feeding with thermoxidized palm oil (TPO) diet for 12 weeks along with the treatment. The results revealed significantly (P<0.05) lower systolic blood pressure (SBP) in the group treated with MCHD compared to the untreated OVX, whereas the diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was significantly higher in the untreated OVX group compared to the Sham group. Treatment with MCHD also significantly lowered the total cholesterol (TC) level compared to the OVX. The OVX group showed significantly lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL) level compared to the Sham group. The untreated OVX group showed evident histological and ultrastructural features of vascular inflammation such as blood cells accumulation in the lumen, vacuolation of the endothelial cells, subendothelial space widening, elastic fibres disruption, increased intima media thickness (IMT), smooth muscle cells fragmentation, and perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) deposition. All these pathological changes were less seen in the groups treated with MCLE. In conclusion, we reported the mechanism of antiatherosclerotic property of MCLE through lipids elimination and anti-inflammatory activity. In addition, we do not recommend the use of statin in the absence of dyslipidemia as it causes PVAT deposition.
  17. Miss-A-Nail Technique for Neck of Femur Screw Fixation: It Is Easier Said Than Done
    Kow RY, Abdul-Aziz A, Low CL
    Malays Orthop J, 2020 Mar;14(1):96-97.
    PMID: 32296491 DOI: 10.5704/MOJ.2003.017
  18. Fulltext Use of contemporary live tele-video conferencing for continuing surgical training at the time of COVID-19 pandemic
    Tan HCL, Tan JH, Sagap I
    ANZ J Surg, 2020 07;90(7-8):1526.
    PMID: 32535949 DOI: 10.1111/ans.16105
  19. Supracondylar Humerus Fractures in Infants and Toddlers: An Unexplored Area
    Kow RY, Low CL, Awang MS
    J Invest Surg, 2023 12;36(1):1-2.
    PMID: 36345727 DOI: 10.1080/08941939.2022.2136803
  20. Trends in obstetric anaesthesia and analgesia over a ten year period in the University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur
    Chan YK, Ng KP, Chiu CL
    Int J Obstet Anesth, 2002 Jul;11(3):176-9.
    PMID: 15321544 DOI: 10.1054/ijoa.2002.0954
    Available data for obstetric care in the University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur from 1987 to 1999 were reviewed. Despite incomplete data, we were able to determine fairly well the practice of obstetric anaesthesia and analgesia in the unit, and the changes over the years. There was a decline in the use of general anaesthesia for both elective and emergency caesarean sections from 41.3% and 69.4% respectively in 1995 to 21.6% and 26.9% respectively in 1999. By 1999, regional anaesthesia had become the most common method of anaesthesia administered in both elective (14.3% epidural and 63.5% spinal) and emergency (30.2% epidural and 42.6% spinal) caesarean sections. The percentage of patients delivering vaginally who received epidural analgesia appeared to have stabilised at about 8 to 9% in the last few years, with a gradual decline in the total instrumental delivery rate from a high of about 12% to the pre-epidural rate of 7%.
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