Displaying publications 81 - 100 of 186 in total

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  1. Population ecology and movement of the American cockroach (Dictyoptera: Blattidae) in sewers
    Tee HS, Saad AR, Lee CY
    J Med Entomol, 2011 Jul;48(4):797-805.
    PMID: 21845938
    The population size, age-class structure, and movement of the American cockroach, Periplaneta americana (L.) (Dictyoptera: Blattidae), were studied in three sewers in Penang, Malaysia, from September 2008 to October 2009. Eighteen to 20 glass-jar traps (two per manhole) were deployed for a 24-h period during each sampling occasion at each sewer. Adults and nymphs were active throughout the study period, with an average monthly trap catch of 57-97 adults and 79-99 nymphs. The mean proportions of adults and nymphs at the three sewers ranged from 0.47 to 0.57. Of the 2177 male and 2717 female cockroaches marked and released over the three sewers, recapture rates were 29.4-45.8 and 30.8-47.0%, respectively. The proportion of marked males and females did not differ significantly from the proportion of recaptured marked males and females. However, the mean number of times a marked female was recaptured was significantly greater than that of males. Of the 783 males and 1,030 females that were marked and recaptured, 19.4 and 24.7%, respectively, had moved between manholes, and significantly more females than males moved between manholes. Of the 406 recaptured marked adults that moved between manholes, 90.4% moved a distance of 2-20 m from their initial release site; one male moved 192 m, the longest distance recorded. Trap catch on each sampling occasion was positively correlated with daily mean temperature. The number of cockroach movements between manholes also was correlated with the mean daily minimum temperature.
    Matched MeSH terms: Drainage, Sanitary
  2. Fulltext A survey of radiation dose to patients and operators during radiofrequency ablation using computed tomography
    Saidatul A, Azlan C, Megat Amin M, Abdullah B, Ng Kh
    Biomed Imaging Interv J, 2010 Jan-Mar;6(1):e1.
    PMID: 21611060 MyJurnal DOI: 10.2349/biij.6.1.e2
    Computed tomography (CT) fluoroscopy is able to give real time images to a physician undertaking minimally invasive procedures such as biopsies, percutaneous drainage, and radio frequency ablation (RFA). Both operators executing the procedure and patients too, are thus at risk of radiation exposure during a CT fluoroscopy.This study focuses on the radiation exposure present during a series of radio frequency ablation (RFA) procedures, and used Gafchromic film (Type XR-QA; International Specialty Products, USA) and thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD-100H; Bicron, USA) to measure the radiation received by patients undergoing treatment, and also operators subject to scatter radiation.The voltage was held constant at 120 kVp and the current 70mA, with 5mm thickness. The duration of irradiation was between 150-638 seconds.Ultimately, from a sample of 30 liver that have undergone RFA, the study revealed that the operator received the highest dose at the hands, which was followed by the eyes and thyroid, while secondary staff dosage was moderately uniform across all parts of the body that were measured.
    Matched MeSH terms: Drainage
  3. Fulltext Recurrent spontaneous pneumothorax during pregnancy managed conservatively: a case report
    Mohamed Faisal AH, Hazwani A, Soo CI, Andrea Ban YL
    Med J Malaysia, 2016 04;71(2):93-5.
    PMID: 27326955 MyJurnal
    A 36-year-old lady presented with four episodes of right sided pneumothorax during pregnancy requiring multiple chest drain insertion. It was complicated with persistent air leak despite low pressure high volume suction applied to the chest drainage. She delivered safely through spontaneous vaginal delivery with chest drainage. Further imaging by high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) scan of thorax done revealed bilateral scattered pulmonary cysts and sub pleural bullae and was later followed up with respiratory unit. She had no further episodes of pneumothorax postpartum. This case highlights the vital importance of prompt recognition and management of pneumothorax in pregnancy as the patient involved is at higher risk for acute respiratory failure leading to maternal and/or foetal mortality. It is essential for early involvement of obstetric team and to expedite the delivery for a better perinatal and maternal outcome.
    Matched MeSH terms: Drainage
  4. Fulltext Stenting of vertical vein in an infant with obstructed supracardiac total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage
    Lim WK, Leong MC, Samion H
    Ann Pediatr Cardiol, 2016 5 24;9(2):183-5.
    PMID: 27212859 DOI: 10.4103/0974-2069.173549
    A 1.7 kg infant with obstructed supracardiac total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage (TAPVD) presented with severe pulmonary hypertension secondary to vertical vein obstruction. The child, in addition, had a large omphalocele that was being managed conservatively. The combination of low weight, unoperated omphalocele, and severe pulmonary hypertension made corrective cardiac surgery very high-risk. Therefore, transcatheter stenting of the stenotic vertical vein, as a bridge to corrective surgery was carried out. The procedure was carried out through the right internal jugular vein (RIJ). The stenotic segment of the vertical vein was stented using a coronary stent. After procedure, the child was discharged well to the referred hospital for weight gain and spontaneous epithelialization of the omphalocele. Stenting of the vertical vein through the internal jugular vein can be considered in very small neonates as a bridge to repair obstructed supracardiac total anomalous venous drainage.
    Matched MeSH terms: Drainage
  5. Spontaneous lateral pontine hemorrhage with associated trigeminal nerve root hematoma
    Veerapen R
    Neurosurgery, 1989 Sep;25(3):451-3; discussion 453-4.
    PMID: 2771016
    Spontaneous hemorrhage into the lateral part of the pons with sequelae compatible with survival has been documented previously. The author describes an unusual case with spontaneous hemorrhage into the lateral pons, with intraneural extension into the right trigeminal nerve root. Radiological features were of an expanding mass of the cerebellopontine angle. The patient was treated surgically with success.
    Matched MeSH terms: Drainage
  6. Fulltext Ludwig's angina--a case report
    Nor GM
    Med J Malaysia, 1989 Dec;44(4):344-7.
    PMID: 2520046
    Ludwig's angina is a potentially lethal oro-facial cellulitis due to oro-dental infection. The aetiology and management of a case of Ludwig's angina are briefly discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Drainage
  7. Fulltext Trapped cystofix: Laparoscopic modality to untie
    Muhamad A, Johan S, Khairuddin A, Hayati F, Payus AO, Zainal Abidin ZA
    Urol Case Rep, 2021 Jan;34:101448.
    PMID: 33088720 DOI: 10.1016/j.eucr.2020.101448
    Suprapubic catheterization (SPC) is a temporary measure to relieve acute urinary retention (AUR). Despite being effective, it can lead to complications such as colon perforation, haematuria, and bladder wall spasm. We present a 52-year-old lady with cystofix for underlying urethral stricture presented with AUR. A new SPC was inserted to drain the urine. However, the SPC had looped and entangled with her cystofix, and laparoscopic removal of cystofix and insertion of a new SPC was done. In conclusion, trapped cystofix to the SPC tube is a potential complication during SPC insertion that can be avoided with appropriate care.
    Matched MeSH terms: Drainage
  8. Fulltext In situ ophthalmic gel forming systems of poloxamer 407 and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose mixtures for sustained ocular delivery of chloramphenicole: optimization study by factorial design
    Kurniawansyah IS, Rusdiana T, Sopyan I, Ramoko H, Wahab HA, Subarnas A
    Heliyon, 2020 Nov;6(11):e05365.
    PMID: 33251348 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05365
    Background: Conventional drug delivery systems have some major drawbacks such as low bioavailability, short residence time and rapid precorneal drainage. An in situ gel drug delivery system provides several benefits, such as prolonged pharmacological duration of action, simpler production techniques, and low cost of manufacturing. This research aims to get the optimum formula of chloramphenicol in situ gel based on the physical evaluation.

    Methods: The effects of independent variables (poloxamer 407 and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) concentration) on various dependent variables (gelling capacity, pH and viscosity) were investigated by using 32 factorial design and organoleptic evaluation was done with descriptive analysis.

    Results: The optimized formula of chloramphenicol in situ gel yielded 9 variations of poloxamer 407 and HPMC bases composition in % w/v as follows, F1 (5; 0.45), F2 (7.5; 0.45), F3 (10; 0.45), F4 (5; 0.725), F5 (7.5; 0.725), F6 (10; 0.725), F7 (5; 1), F8 (7.5; 1), F9 (10; 1). The results indicated that the organoleptic, pH, and gelling capacity parameters matched all formulas (F1-F9), however, the viscosity parameter only matched F3, F6, F8, and F9. Based on factorial design, F6 had the best formula with desirability value of 0.54, but the design recommended that formula with the composition bases of poloxamer 407 and HPMC at the ratio of 8.16 % w/v and 0.77 % w/v, respectively, was the optimum formula with a desirability value of 0.69.

    Conclusion: All formulas have met the Indonesian pharmacopoeia requirements based on the physical evaluation, especially formula 6 (F6), which was supported by the result of factorial design analysis.

    Matched MeSH terms: Drainage
  9. Fulltext Empyema thoracis presented as giant back abscess
    Abd Karim SH, Wan Zain WZ, Mohd Hashim MN, Zakaria AD, Hayati F, Ng CY
    Radiol Case Rep, 2021 May;16(5):1061-1064.
    PMID: 33680277 DOI: 10.1016/j.radcr.2021.02.030
    Empyema thoracis (ET) is defined as pus in the pleural space, either localized or involving the entire pleural cavity, due to diverse etiologies. In severe form, it may infiltrate the extrapulmonary region. Clinical guideline describes 3 stages of parapneumonic effusion before developing into an ET, namely the exudative stage, the fibrinopurulent stage, and the organizing/late stage. We highlight a 59-year-old gentleman who presented a back swelling masquerading as a deep-seated abscess, in which the diagnosis of ET had not been established early. The principles of treatment are treating the underlying condition such as pneumonia, pleural drainage and debridement, full re-expansion of the collapsed lung by performing chest physiotherapy, and improving nutrition. ET is a condition with a dynamic process due to diverse etiologies, either localized or involving the entire pleural cavity. The gold standard in diagnosing ET is the pleural aspiration of fluid from the pleural space, whereas the management of ET may include non-surgical and/or surgical treatments based on the basic principles of ET treatment.
    Matched MeSH terms: Drainage
  10. Fulltext Devastating urban flooding and dengue outbreak during the COVID-19 pandemic in Pakistan
    Junaid Tahir M, Rizwan Siddiqi A, Ullah I, Ahmed A, Dujaili J, Saqlain M
    Med J Islam Repub Iran, 2020;34:169.
    PMID: 33816368 DOI: 10.47176/mjiri.34.169
    Pakistan has recently been overwhelmed by extreme torrential rains, with its most populous city of Karachi experiencing its worst floods in almost a century. Poor flood control and water disposal facilities have led to an immense risk of another dengue outbreak, with multiple cases being reported recently. The enormous accumulation of stagnant water in urban areas is a major source of mosquito breeding and transmission. Historical data has shown the correlation between the number of dengue cases and average rainfall in the region. The monsoon rains have pounded at a time where health authorities are battling to contain the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. There is a need to implement centralized dengue control strategies to undertake large scale water drainage, sanitation, and disinfection drives in disaster-stricken areas alongside public health awareness programs to combat the after-effects of this natural calamity.
    Matched MeSH terms: Drainage
  11. Pericardial abscess: The corollary of disseminated Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus following diabetic foot ulcer infection
    Tan TL, Lim SH, Ruslan Mustapa M, Ganeswary R
    Med J Malaysia, 2020 11;75(6):742-744.
    PMID: 33219189
    Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) purulent pericarditis, characterised by frank pus collection or microscopic pyogenic effusion in the pericardium represents the most serious form of pericardial infection. The route of MRSA acquisition in pericardial abscess commonly occurs via the blood stream infection and it is more commonly observed among immunocompromised individuals. To date, diabetic foot ulcer infection rarely disseminates and becomes a nidus for pericardial infection. Herein, we report an unusual case of MRSA pericardial abscess in a 44-year-old man who presented at Hospital Seri Manjung, Malaysia with cardiac tamponade. Past medical history indicated that he was recently treated for infected diabetic foot ulcer with MRSA bacteraemia one week earlier. Despite adequate pericardial drainage and extended parenteral vancomycin therapy, this case ended in fatality on day 42 of admission due to nosocomial infection. It is hoped that this report serves to increase the vigilance among clinicians that diabetic foot ulcer infections have the potential to progress to pericardial abscess in the presence of MRSA bacteraemia, although they may appear seemingly innocuous at presentation. Systemic vancomycin must be instituted promptly when MRSA bacteraemia is confirmed in order to circumvent the propagation of MRSA.
    Matched MeSH terms: Drainage
  12. Fulltext Indwelling pleural catheter and successful autopleurodesis of refractory inflammatory lupus effusion
    Ng BH, Nik Abeed NN, Abdul Hamid MF, Soo CI, Low HJ, Ban AY
    Respirol Case Rep, 2020 Oct;8(7):e00621.
    PMID: 32685166 DOI: 10.1002/rcr2.621
    Indwelling pleural catheter (IPC) is a useful tool for refractory malignant pleural effusions (MPEs). It allows palliation by intermittent symptomatic relief of the effusion and improves quality of life. Its use in benign pleural effusions comes mainly from retrospective studies, case series, and case reports. Lupus effusion is common, causes minimal symptoms, and usually responds to either steroid therapy or immunosuppressants. Refractory lupus effusion is less common and treatment may require invasive surgical pleurectomy. We describe a 52-year-old woman whose first presentation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) was a pleural effusion refractory to steroids and immunosuppressants. She successfully achieved spontaneous pleurodesis with intermittent IPC drainage at three months.
    Matched MeSH terms: Drainage
  13. Salmonella thyroid abscess-two case reports
    Khoo KS, Koh PS, Ng KL
    Gland Surg, 2020 Dec;9(6):2198-2203.
    PMID: 33447571 DOI: 10.21037/gs-20-474
    Acute suppurative thyroiditis account for <1% of thyroid diseases and is uncommon because of the gland's encapsulation, iodine-rich environment, good vascular supply and extensive lymphatic drainage. It has been reported in patients with underlying goiters, thyroid cancers and in immuno-compromised patients. The usual causative organisms are Staphylococci spp. and Streptococci spp. Rarer organisms include Klebsiella spp. and Salmonella spp. Due to its rarity (as there have been only 28 cases of Salmonella thyroid abscess being reported in the literature till 2020), only case reports are available to guide management. We report two cases of thyroid abscess due to Salmonella enteritidis in our institution that may herald the re-emergence of this uncommon infection of the thyroid gland and to raise awareness for all clinicians. Both patients presented with neck swelling, dysphagia and sepsis. Surgical intervention was warranted in both patients due to the severity of the disease and failed medical therapy. Recovery was uneventful following adequate surgical intervention and antibiotic therapy according to the culture and sensitivity report of the pathogen. This case report highlights that both patients were immunocompromised, and they contracted Salmonella thyroid abscess without any gastrointestinal involvement. Thus, a high index of suspicion for Salmonella thyroid abscess in immunocompromised patients can expedite the diagnosis and appropriate management can be commenced such as antibiotic therapy, percutaneous aspiration and surgical drainage in the event of failed medical therapy.
    Matched MeSH terms: Drainage
  14. Relapsing retroperitoenal abscess secondary to juvenile dermatomyositis: Complexity in management
    Jothinathan M, Lau KS, Vanusha D
    Med J Malaysia, 2020 03;75(2):178-180.
    PMID: 32281605
    Juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM) is a systemic autoimmune condition with myopathy. Gastrointestinal and pulmonary manifestations are rare presentation of JDM. Gastrointestinal perforation incidence in JDM is associated with vasculopathy and ischaemia. There are only few reported case of management of JDM with gastrointestinal complication. Management of such condition is challenging. We present a 21-year-old man with spontaneous descending colon perforation undergoing Hartmann's procedure. He subsequently presented with recurrent retroperitoneal abscess at five and 30 months following the initial presentation which was treated with percutaneous drainage. A high index of suspicion is necessary in JDM patients presenting with acute abdomen.
    Matched MeSH terms: Drainage
  15. It is not asthma! An arcane case of 'Scimitar' syndrome: A case report
    Ganapathi P, Nurul Yaqeen ME, Zamzurina AB
    Med J Malaysia, 2020 03;75(2):184-185.
    PMID: 32281607
    'Scimitar' syndrome in adulthood is usually asymptomatic. Significant structural abnormalities symptoms usually manifest early during infancy or young childhood with features of congestive heart failure from significant shunting of the anomalous pulmonary venous drainage. Diagnosis of 'Scimitar' Syndrome in adults is rare and usually an incidental finding on chest radiograph. Here, we report a case of an adult who presented with symptoms in her 40's. This syndrome has never been reported nor discussed in Malaysia. This is the first case report of 'Scimitar' Syndrome in Malaysian literature. The diagnostic dilemma, medical management, and multi-disciplinary management by cardiology, physiotherapy and pulmonary rehabilitation teams are discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Drainage
  16. Effect of trans-resveratrol on dexamethasone-induced changes in the expression of MMPs by human trabecular meshwork cells: Involvement of adenosine A1 receptors and NFkB
    Mohd Nasir NA, Agarwal R, Krasilnikova A, Sheikh Abdul Kadir SH, Iezhitsa I
    Eur J Pharmacol, 2020 Nov 15;887:173431.
    PMID: 32758568 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173431
    Intraocular pressure (IOP) lowering in glaucomatous eyes is currently achieved mainly by improved aqueous outflow via alternate drainage pathways. However, the focus is now shifting to trabecular meshwork (TM), the site or major pathological changes including increased extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition and reduced matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) secretion by TM cells. Trans-resveratrol was previously shown to lower IOP and reduce ECM deposition; however, the mechanisms of action remain unclear. Therefore, we determined the effect of trans-resveratrol on MMP-2 and -9 expression by human TM cells (HTMCs) in the presence of dexamethasone and whether it also affects adenosine A1 receptors (A1AR) expression and nuclear factor kappa B (NFkB) activation. We observed that trans-resveratrol, 12.5 μM, increased MMP-2 and -9 protein expression by HTMCs despite exposure to dexamethasone (1.89- and 1.53-fold, respectively; P 
    Matched MeSH terms: Drainage
  17. Antibiotic Irrigation: A Promising Unconventional Method for Facial Carbuncle
    Ng JJ, Gendeh H, Ong HY, Gopalan S, Abdul Karaf JH
    Cureus, 2021 Apr 27;13(4):e14710.
    PMID: 34079672 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.14710
    Carbuncle is conventionally treated with combinations of intravenous antibiotics and surgical intervention; be it saucerization or incision and drainage. Cosmesis outcome might be unfavorable following surgical intervention, especially when the facial region is involved. Skin grafting surgery may even be needed as a second-stage procedure for a larger wound. We reported a series of three facial carbuncles treated successfully with a new improvised method. Our method includes performing a stab incision prior to draining of pus, coupled with minimal wound debridement, followed by regular irrigation of the wound with antibiotics containing solution. Based on the three cases reported in this article, we conclude that this method is more superior as there is more skin preservation, better patient tolerance, shorter hospital stays, and favorable cosmesis outcome.
    Matched MeSH terms: Drainage
  18. Fulltext Infected ptosis surgery - a rare complication from a multidrug-resistant organism
    Jan-Bond C, Norazah AR, Sree-Kumar P, Zunaina E, Fazilawati Q
    Clin Ophthalmol, 2015;9:721-4.
    PMID: 25945032 DOI: 10.2147/OPTH.S81158
    A 7-year-old boy had a case of congenital ptosis of the right eye and has undergone frontalis sling surgery using Gore-tex material. There was no intraoperative or immediate postoperative complication. However, the patient defaulted his follow-up and presented with right eye preseptal abscess secondary to infected surgical wound 1 month after surgery. He was treated with multiple antibiotics and underwent repeated incision and drainage procedures. However, there was still no resolution of the right eye preseptal abscess. The patient's condition subsequently improved after removal of the Gore-tex material and treatment with an antibiotic combination of ceftazidime and amikacin. Microbiological analysis finally isolated the multidrug resistant Acinetobacter species. At 6 months follow-up, his right upper eyelid was healed with scarring, but without ptosis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Drainage
  19. Fulltext Intraperitoneal chemotherapy following refractory intravenous route in advanced ovarian cancer
    Shafiee, M.N., Omar, M.H., Suraya, A., Hatta, M.
    Journal of Surgical Academia, 2013;3(1):28-31.
    MyJurnal
    Platinum based adjuvant chemotherapy is generally recommended for ovarian cancer to improve the survival rate. Intravenous route is commonly used, easily administered and less associated complications. However, intraperitoneal route is gaining its popularity as a single procedure or adjunctive to the intravenous route. Numerous questions on its eligibility and safety are still perplexed. A case review on a patient with non optimal debulking surgery of advanced ovarian cancer was studied. Intravenous platinum based chemotherapy combined with paclitaxel failed to bring her to clinical remission. Second line chemotherapy, gemcitabin rendered her to poor response with unresolved debilitating ascites needing recurrent drainage. Surprisingly, a trial of intraperitoneal chemotherapy with cisplatin revealed a great response with a complete clinical remission.
    Matched MeSH terms: Drainage
  20. Fulltext Tube-cornea touch following an ahmed valve implantation in a patient with congenital rubella syndrome: a case report
    Ooi, Edwin I.L., Safinaz, M.K., Ropilah, A.R
    Journal of Surgical Academia, 2014;4(2):53-55.
    MyJurnal
    This was a 28-year-old mentally-challenged girl with underlying congenital Rubella syndrome. She was bilaterally aphakic after congenital cataract surgery. She then developed bilateral aphakic glaucoma and had to undergo multiple glaucoma filtering surgeries. The most recent procedure she had undergone for her left eye was a second Ahmed valve implantation with an overlying sclera patch. Postoperatively, intraocular pressure was well controlled. However, nine months later, slit lamp examination revealed the tube was adherent to the overlying cornea with surrounding deep and superficial cornea vascularization. Siedel test was negative and intraocular pressure was normal. Subsequently the tube was removed but the plate was left in situ.
    Matched MeSH terms: Glaucoma Drainage Implants
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