MyMedR

Fulltext Oncology stewardship: Role of the pharmacists for contribution in low and middle-income countries

Siddiqui A, Shrestha S, Ahmed A, Akhlaq Bhutta O

J Oncol Pharm Pract, 2023 Jun;29(4):956-957.

PMID: 36734132 DOI: 10.1177/10781552231154465

Matched MeSH terms: Developing Countries*

The developing countries and medical research

Nossal GJ

Med J Aust, 1978 Aug 12;2(4):152-4.

PMID: 723714

Matched MeSH terms: Developing Countries*

Fulltext A review of plastic waste circular actions in seven developing countries to achieve sustainable development goals

Ferronato N, Maalouf A, Mertenat A, Saini A, Khanal A, Copertaro B, et al.

Waste Manag Res, 2024 Jun;42(6):436-458.

PMID: 37519292 DOI: 10.1177/0734242X231188664

Plastic waste circularity is a priority at a global level. Sustainable development goals (SDGs) set the ways to go, and the circular economy principles underlined the 'green' strategies to be employed. However, in practice, there is still much to do, especially in developing countries, where open burning and open dumping still represent the common way of plastic waste disposal. This review aims to analyse current plastic waste circular approaches in low-middle income settings. Seven countries were selected based on the economic level and data availability from the authors, and analysed to collect and critically discuss the actions implemented at a city level. Examples of waste minimization and recycling strategies, selective collection systems and public campaigns are reported from Africa, Asia and Latin America. First, a background analysis related to physical and governance aspects of municipal solid waste management systems of the chosen settings was conducted. The assessment was focused on the treatment processes or minimization actions. Then, the applicability of the projects to achieve the SDGs was commented on. The outcomes of the research underline the need to: (1) scale up small-scale and pilot projects, (2) disseminate good practices in more low- to middle-income settings, (3) create synergies among international partners for further replications in cities. Urgent solutions to plastic waste pollution are needed. The review presented practical actions to be implemented now to boost plastic waste circularity in developing cities.

Matched MeSH terms: Developing Countries*

[ORGANIZATION OF A PSYCHIATRIC HEALTH SERVICE IN AN UNDERDEVELOPED COUNTRY OF SOUTHEAST ASIA (SARAWAK)]

SCHMIDT KE

Nervenarzt, 1963 Sep;34:397-401.

PMID: 14163217

Matched MeSH terms: Developing Countries*

Fulltext The short- and long-run effect of human capital on income inequality: Empirical evidence in the ASEAN region

Vo DH, Vo AT, Ho CM

PLoS One, 2024;19(7):e0304678.

PMID: 39083555 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0304678

Human capital is a nation's primary source of inner strength to achieve sustainable economic growth and development. Meanwhile, income inequality is a critical issue preventing sustainable economic growth and social transformation, especially in developing countries. This paper investigates the effect of human capital on income inequality in both the short and long term using the mean group, pooled mean group, and threshold regressions for the ASEAN-7 (including Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam) from 1992 to 2018. The paper develops a theoretical linkage between human capital and income inequality by combining the learning theory and the Kuznets hypothesis. This linkage is then tested using data from the ASEAN countries. Findings from the paper indicate that human capital reduces income inequality in the short run in the ASEAN countries. However, the effect is reverted in the long run, suggesting that human capital may increase the income gap in these countries. Particularly, the inverted U-shaped relationship between human capital and income inequality is established for the ASEAN countries whose GDP per capita is lower than USD 8.2 thousand per year. In contrast, the U-shaped relationship is found for the countries with income per capital of more than USD 8.2 thousand. All these findings suggest that social policies targeting reducing income inequality should be prioritized and stay at the centre of any economic policies to achieve sustainable economic growth and development in the ASEAN countries.

Matched MeSH terms: Developing Countries/economics

Fulltext Development of an indoor air quality checklist for risk assessment of indoor air pollutants by semiquantitative score in nonindustrial workplaces

Syazwan A, Rafee BM, Hafizan J, Azman A, Nizar A, Izwyn Z, et al.

Risk Manag Healthc Policy, 2012;5:17-23.

PMID: 22570579 DOI: 10.2147/RMHP.S26567

To meet the current diversified health needs in workplaces, especially in nonindustrial workplaces in developing countries, an indoor air quality (IAQ) component of a participatory occupational safety and health survey should be included.

Matched MeSH terms: Developing Countries

Health technology assessment in the Asia Pacific region

Sivalal S

Int J Technol Assess Health Care, 2009 Jul;25 Suppl 1:196-201.

PMID: 19534841 DOI: 10.1017/S0266462309090631

Although health technology assessment (HTA) has been well established in all developed countries, it has not found a firm footing in many developing countries. This is especially true of the Asia Pacific region, which has much of the world population.

Matched MeSH terms: Developing Countries

Fulltext An Application of Bayesian Approach in Modeling Risk of Death in an Intensive Care Unit

Wong RS, Ismail NA

PLoS One, 2016;11(3):e0151949.

PMID: 27007413 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151949

There are not many studies that attempt to model intensive care unit (ICU) risk of death in developing countries, especially in South East Asia. The aim of this study was to propose and describe application of a Bayesian approach in modeling in-ICU deaths in a Malaysian ICU.

Matched MeSH terms: Developing Countries

National Policies and strategies on science and technology for development

Ayob A

Dev Forum, 1979.

PMID: 12261806

Matched MeSH terms: Developing Countries

Fulltext Food security: concepts and definitions

Norhasmah, S., Zalilah, M.S., Asnarulkhadi, A.S.

Malaysian Journal of Community Health, 2010;16(2):2-9.

MyJurnal

Introduction: The purpose of this article is to review the definitions of food security and food insecurity as well as the concepts related to food security.
Methodology: This is a systematic review on a few papers, research, and articles according to studies and research by various organizations, experts, scholars on food security in developed and developing countries.
Result: The first definition of food security was given to reflect the comprehensive concerns on the availability of world food supplies. The definition was expanded to incorporate accessibility of food for all people at all times. Then, the complex definitions of food security incorporated food accessibility and availability as well as the quality of food intake. Latest definition integrates the social aspect of food that should be accessed in a socially acceptable way. Broad definition of food insecurity and several terms that closely related were also discovered. The four main concepts of food security from these definitions were identified; availability, accessibility, acceptability and adequacy. These concepts of food security are relevant to micro, meso and macro levels of social and administrative organizations. Conclusion: Understanding definitions and concepts of food security can assist researchers, policy makers and program implementers to conduct research that address the issues of food security.

Matched MeSH terms: Developing Countries

Breastfeeding - a pivotal child survival strategy

Musa, M.N.

Malaysian Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2007;15(1):1-6.

MyJurnal

Forty thousand children die each day in developing countries; which is approximately 28 dead children every minute. In many of these countries 25% of their children do not even live long enough to celebrate their fifth birthday. These mortality statistics represents a human tragedy affecting our very youngest. The United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) has identified seven simple, practical and cost-effective activities to help save the lives of our children. The acronym GOBI FFF - Child Survival Strategy describes these 7 measures. The B in the acronym represents beastfeeding which is a pivotal and fundamental component of this child survival strategy.

Matched MeSH terms: Developing Countries

Fulltext Autologous chondrocyte implantation for knee focal cartilage defects: 3 years' follow-up at the University Malaya Medical Centre

Abbas AA, Mohamad JA, Lydia AL, Selvaratnam L, Razif A, Ab-Rahim S, et al.

JUMMEC, 2014;17(1):8-13.

MyJurnal

Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) is a widely accepted procedure for the treatment of large, fullthickness chondral defects involving various joints, but its use in developing countries is limited because of high cost and failure rates due to limited resources and support systems. Five patients (age

Matched MeSH terms: Developing Countries

Low cost immunohistochemistry bench for developing countries

Ch'ng ES, Khiro FI

Malays J Pathol, 2018 Aug;40(2):209-211.

PMID: 30173241

No abstract available.

Matched MeSH terms: Developing Countries

Practising Primary Care in Developing Nations

Rajakumar MK

Principles of Practice Management, 1984.

DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-6731-4_13 ISBN: 978-94-011-6731-4

Citation: Rajakumar MK. Practising Primary Care in Developing Nations. In: Fabb W, Fry J (ed). Principles of Practice Management. Springer; 1984:230-238

Matched MeSH terms: Developing Countries

Fulltext Training family doctors in a developing country

Rajakumar MK

International Teachers Training Workshop on Family Medicine Education, 1996.

Matched MeSH terms: Developing Countries

Some thoughts on delivery of health care in a developing country

Param Palam S

Family Practitioner, 1977;2:32-35.

Matched MeSH terms: Developing Countries

Economic Evaluation of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Interventions in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review of the Literature

Lum KY, Oppong R, Kigozi J

Asia Pac J Public Health, 2022 Nov;34(8):752-760.

PMID: 36039503 DOI: 10.1177/10105395221122643

The primary aim of this study is to assess the evidence on the cost-effectiveness of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) interventions with a focus on diabetes education, lifestyle modifications, surgical intervention, and pharmacological therapy in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). A systematic review was conducted to identify economic evaluations of T2DM interventions published in LMICs for the period 2009-2019. A total of 25 studies were identified, with more than half of the studies being decision analytic models. Critical appraisal of the identified studies showed they were of good quality. Overall, the reported interventions in this review were very heterogeneous, which made them difficult to compare. However, there was strong evidence suggesting that diabetes education was a very cost-effective strategy in LMICs. Further evidence on affordability and budget impact of bariatric surgery is required before adopting the intervention. Metformin-based therapy showed promising evidence on cost-effectiveness and thus should be offered to T2DM patients in LMICs. On the contrary, the cost-effectiveness of lifestyle modifications remains understudied in LMICs. The findings in this review can inform policy guidance toward the inclusion of T2DM interventions in the benefit packages for Universal Health Coverage in LMICs.

Matched MeSH terms: Developing Countries

Strategies for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of COPD in low- and middle- income countries: the importance of primary care

Rossaki FM, Hurst JR, van Gemert F, Kirenga BJ, Williams S, Khoo EM, et al.

Expert Rev Respir Med, 2021 12;15(12):1563-1577.

PMID: 34595990 DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2021.1985762

INTRODUCTION: Low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) bear a high proportion of the global morbidity and mortality caused by COPD. Increased exposure to risk factors throughout life (e.g. malnutrition, indoor and outdoor air pollution, and smoking) is associated with higher COPD prevalence in LMICs and the lack of treatment availability increases avoidable harm.

AREAS COVERED: This review covers the epidemiology and burden of COPD in LMICs, and challenges and recommendations related to health-care systems, prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Main challenges are related to under-resourced health-care systems (such as limited availability of spirometry, rehabilitation, and medicines). Lack of policy and practical local guidelines on COPD diagnosis and management further contribute to the low diagnostic and treatment rates. In the absence of, or limited number of respiratory specialists, primary care practitioners (general practitioners, nurses, pharmacists, physiotherapists, and community health workers) play an even more pivotal role in COPD management in LMICs.

EXPERT OPINION: Raising awareness on COPD, educating health-care workers, patients, and communities on cost-effective preventive measures as well as improving availability, affordability and proper use of diagnostic and pharmacological and non-pharmacologic treatment in primary care are the key interventions needed to improve COPD prevention, diagnosis, and care in LMICs.

Matched MeSH terms: Developing Countries

Fulltext Assessing the Efficacy of Adjustable Moving Averages Using ASEAN-5 Currencies

Chan Phooi M'ng J, Zainudin R

PLoS One, 2016;11(8):e0160931.

PMID: 27574972 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160931

The objective of this research is to examine the trends in the exchange rate markets of the ASEAN-5 countries (Indonesia (IDR), Malaysia (MYR), the Philippines (PHP), Singapore (SGD), and Thailand (THB)) through the application of dynamic moving average trading systems. This research offers evidence of the usefulness of the time-varying volatility technical analysis indicator, Adjustable Moving Average (AMA') in deciphering trends in these ASEAN-5 exchange rate markets. This time-varying volatility factor, referred to as the Efficacy Ratio in this paper, is embedded in AMA'. The Efficacy Ratio adjusts the AMA' to the prevailing market conditions by avoiding whipsaws (losses due, in part, to acting on wrong trading signals, which generally occur when there is no general direction in the market) in range trading and by entering early into new trends in trend trading. The efficacy of AMA' is assessed against other popular moving-average rules. Based on the January 2005 to December 2014 dataset, our findings show that the moving averages and AMA' are superior to the passive buy-and-hold strategy. Specifically, AMA' outperforms the other models for the United States Dollar against PHP (USD/PHP) and USD/THB currency pairs. The results show that different length moving averages perform better in different periods for the five currencies. This is consistent with our hypothesis that a dynamic adjustable technical indicator is needed to cater for different periods in different markets.

Matched MeSH terms: Developing Countries

Fulltext Identifying the necessary capacities for the adaptation of a diabetes phenotyping algorithm in countries of differing economic development status

Jackson-Morris A, Sembajwe R, Mustapha FI, Chandran A, Niyonsenga SP, Gishoma C, et al.

Glob Health Action, 2023 Dec 31;16(1):2157542.

PMID: 36692486 DOI: 10.1080/16549716.2022.2157542

BACKGROUND: In 2019, the World Health Organization recognised diabetes as a clinically and pathophysiologically heterogeneous set of related diseases. Little is currently known about the diabetes phenotypes in the population of low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), yet identifying their different risks and aetiology has great potential to guide the development of more effective, tailored prevention and treatment.

OBJECTIVES: This study reviewed the scope of diabetes datasets, health information ecosystems, and human resource capacity in four countries to assess whether a diabetes phenotyping algorithm (developed under a companion study) could be successfully applied.

METHODS: The capacity assessment was undertaken with four countries: Trinidad, Malaysia, Kenya, and Rwanda. Diabetes programme staff completed a checklist of available diabetes data variables and then participated in semi-structured interviews about Health Information System (HIS) ecosystem conditions, diabetes programme context, and human resource needs. Descriptive analysis was undertaken.

RESULTS: Only Malaysia collected the full set of the required diabetes data for the diabetes algorithm, although all countries did collect the required diabetes complication data. An HIS ecosystem existed in all settings, with variations in data hosting and sharing. All countries had access to HIS or ICT support, and epidemiologists or biostatisticians to support dataset preparation and algorithm application.

CONCLUSIONS: Malaysia was found to be most ready to apply the phenotyping algorithm. A fundamental impediment in the other settings was the absence of several core diabetes data variables. Additionally, if countries digitise diabetes data collection and centralise diabetes data hosting, this will simplify dataset preparation for algorithm application. These issues reflect common LMIC health systems' weaknesses in relation to diabetes care, and specifically highlight the importance of investment in improving diabetes data, which can guide population-tailored prevention and management approaches.

Matched MeSH terms: Developing Countries

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