Displaying publications 81 - 100 of 276 in total

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  1. Fulltext Critical Evaluation of Green Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles-Kaempferol for Antibacterial Activity Against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
    Hairil Anuar AH, Abd Ghafar SA, Hanafiah RM, Lim V, Mohd Pazli NFA
    Int J Nanomedicine, 2024;19:1339-1350.
    PMID: 38348172 DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S431499
    INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to characterize silver nanoparticles-kaempferol (AgNP-K) and its antibacterial activities against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Green synthesis method was used to synthesize AgNP-K under the influence of temperature and different ratios of silver nitrate (AgNO3 and kaempferol).

    METHODS: AgNP-K 1:1 was synthesized with 1 mM kaempferol, whereas AgNP-K 1:2 with 2 mM kaempferol. The characterization of AgNP-K 1:1 and AgNP-K 1:2 was performed using UV-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Zetasizer, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer (SEM-EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The antibacterial activities of five samples (AgNP-K 1:1, AgNP-K 1:2, commercial AgNPs, kaempferol, and vancomycin) at different concentrations (1.25, 2.5, 5, and 10 mg/mL) against MRSA were determined via disc diffusion assay (DDA), minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) assay, and time-kill assay.

    RESULTS: The presence of a dark brown colour in the solution indicated the formation of AgNP-K. The UV-visible absorption spectrum of the synthesized AgNP-K exhibited a broad peak at 447 nm. TEM, Zetasizer, and SEM-EDX results showed that the morphology and size of AgNP-K were nearly spherical in shape with 16.963 ± 6.0465 nm in size. XRD analysis confirmed that AgNP-K had a crystalline phase structure, while FTIR showed the absence of (-OH) group, indicating that kaempferol was successfully incorporated with silver. In DDA analysis, AgNP-K showed the largest inhibition zone (16.67 ± 1.19 mm) against MRSA as compared to kaempferol and commercial AgNPs. The MIC and MBC values for AgNP-K against MRSA were 1.25 and 2.50 mg/mL, respectively. The time-kill assay results showed that AgNP-K displayed bacteriostatic activity against MRSA. AgNP-K exhibited better antibacterial activity against MRSA when compared to commercial AgNPs or kaempferol alone.

    Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemistry
  2. Synergistic effects of CuO/TiO2 -chitosan-farnesol nanocomposites: Synthesis, characterization, antimicrobial, and anticancer activities on melanoma cells SK-MEL-3
    Indumathi T, Suriyaprakash J, Alarfaj AA, Hirad AH, Jaganathan R, Mathanmohun M
    J Basic Microbiol, 2024 Feb;64(2):e2300505.
    PMID: 37988658 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202300505
    The current investigation focuses on synthesizing copper oxide (CuO)-titanium oxide (TiO2 )-chitosan-farnesol nanocomposites with potential antibacterial, antifungal, and anticancer properties against Melanoma cells (melanoma cells [SK-MEL-3]). The nanocomposites were synthesized using the standard acetic acid method and subsequently characterized using an X-ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The results from the antibacterial tests against Streptococcus pneumoniae and Stapylococcus aureus demonstrated significant antibacterial efficacy. Additionally, the antifungal studies using Candida albicans through the agar diffusion method displayed a considerable antifungal effect. For evaluating the anticancer activity, various assays such as MTT assay, acridine orange/ethidium bromide dual staining assay, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation assay, and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) analysis were conducted on SK-MEL-3 cells. The nanocomposites exhibited the ability to induce ROS generation, decrease MMP levels, and trigger apoptosis in SK-MEL-3 cells. Collectively, the findings demonstrated a distinct pattern for the synthesized bimetallic nanocomposites. Furthermore, these nanocomposites also displayed significant (p 
    Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemistry
  3. Zinc oxide nanoparticles functionalized with cinnamic acid for targeting dental pathogens receptor and modulating apoptotic genes in human oral epidermal carcinoma KB cells
    Ravikumar OV, Marunganathan V, Kumar MSK, Mohan M, Shaik MR, Shaik B, et al.
    Mol Biol Rep, 2024 Feb 24;51(1):352.
    PMID: 38400866 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09289-9
    BACKGROUND: Oral diseases are often attributed to dental pathogens such as S. aureus, S. mutans, E. faecalis, and C. albicans. In this research work, a novel approach was employed to combat these pathogens by preparing zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) capped with cinnamic acid (CA) plant compounds.

    METHODS: The synthesized ZnO-CA NPs were characterized using SEM, FTIR, and XRD to validate their composition and structural features. The antioxidant activity of ZnO-CA NPs was confirmed using DPPH and ABTS free radical scavenging assays. The antimicrobial effects of ZnO-CA NPs were validated using a zone of inhibition assay against dental pathogens. Autodock tool was used to identify the interaction of cinnamic acid with dental pathogen receptors.

    RESULTS: ZnO-CA NPs exhibited potent antioxidant activity in both DPPH and ABTS assays, suggesting their potential as powerful antioxidants. The minimal inhibitory concentration of ZnO-CA NPs against dental pathogens was found 25 µg/mL, indicating their effective antimicrobial properties. Further, ZnO-CA NPs showed better binding affinity and amino acid interaction with dental pathogen receptors. Also, the ZnO-CA NPs exhibited dose-dependent (5 µg/mL, 15 µg/mL, 25 µg/mL, and 50 µg/mL) anticancer activity against Human Oral Epidermal Carcinoma KB cells. The mechanism of action of apoptotic activity of ZnO-CA NPs on the KB cells was identified through the upregulation of BCL-2, BAX, and P53 genes.

    CONCLUSIONS: This research establishes the potential utility of ZnO-CA NPs as a promising candidate for dental applications. The potent antioxidant, anticancer, and effective antimicrobial properties of ZnO-CA NPs make them a valuable option for combating dental pathogens.

    Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemistry
  4. Elucidating the structural, catalytic, and antibacterial traits of Ficus carica and Azadirachta indica leaf extract-mediated synthesis of the Ag/CuO/rGO nanocomposite
    Fayyaz Z, Farrukh MA, Ul-Hamid A, Chong KK
    Microsc Res Tech, 2024 May;87(5):957-976.
    PMID: 38174385 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24487
    The present exploration demonstrates the efficient, sustainable, cost-effective, and environment-friendly green approach for the synthesis of silver (Ag)-doped copper oxide (CuO) embedded with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanocomposite using the green one-pot method and the green deposition method. Leaf extracts of Ficus carica and Azadirachta indica were used for both methods as reducing and capping agents. The effect of methodology and plant extract was analyzed through different characterization techniques such as UV-visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), x-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The lowest band gap of 3.0 eV was observed for the Ag/CuO/rGO prepared by the green one-pot method using F. carica. The reduction of graphene oxide (GO) and the formation of metal oxide was confirmed through functional group detection using FT-IR. Calculation of thermodynamic parameters showed that all reactions involved were nonspontaneous and endothermic which shows the stability of nanocomposites. XRD studies revealed the crystallinity, phase purity and small average crystallite size of 32.67 nm. SEM images disclosed that the morphology of the nanocomposites was spherical with agglomeration and rough texture. The particle size of the nanocomposites calculated through HRTEM was found in agreement with the XRD results. The numerous properties of the synthesized nanocomposites enhanced their potential against the degradation of methylene blue, rhodamine B, and ciprofloxacin. The highest percentage degradation of Ag/CuO/rGO was found to be 97%, synthesized using the green one-pot method with F. carica against ciprofloxacin, which might be due to the lowest band gap, delayed electron-hole pair recombination, and large surface area available. The nanocomposites were also tested against the Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Facile synthesis of Ag/CuO/rGO nanocomposite using a green one-pot method and the green deposition method. The lowest band gap of 3.0 eV was observed for nanocomposite prepared by a green one-pot method using Ficus carica. Least average crystallite size of 32.67 nm was found for nanocomposite prepared by a green one-pot method using F. carica. Highest antibacterial and catalytic activity (97%) was obtained against ciprofloxacin with nanocomposite prepared through green one-pot method using F. carica. A mechanism of green synthesis is proposed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemistry
  5. Fulltext Optimisation of preparation conditions for Ti nanowires and suitability as an antibacterial material
    Munisparan T, Yang ECY, Paramasivam R, Dahlan NA, Pushpamalar J
    IET Nanobiotechnol, 2018 Jun;12(4):429-435.
    PMID: 29768225 DOI: 10.1049/iet-nbt.2017.0186
    Ultrafine titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanowires were synthesised using a hydrothermal method with different volumes of ethylene glycol (EG) and annealing temperatures. It shows that sodium titanate nanowires synthesised using 5 and 10 ml EG, which annealed at 400°C produced TiO2 nanowires that correspond to a photochemically active phase, which is anatase. The influences of annealing temperatures (400-600°C) on the morphological arrangement of TiO2 nanowires were evident in the field emission scanning electron microscopy. The annealing temperature of 500°C led to agglomeration, which formed a mixture of TiO2 nanoparticles and nanowires. High thermal stability of TiO2 nanowires revealed by thermogravimetric analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectrum showed the presence of the Ti-O-Ti vibrations as evidenced due to TiO2 lattices. An antibacterial study using TiO2 nanowires toward Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae showed large zones of inhibition that indicated susceptibility of the microbe toward TiO2. Growth kinetic analysis shows that addition of TiO2 has reduced optical density (OD) suggesting an inhibition of the growth of bacteria. These results indicate TiO2 nanowires can be effectively used as an antimicrobial agent against gram-bacteria. The TiO2 nanowires could be exploited in the medical, packaging and detergent formulation industries and wastewater treatment.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemistry*
  6. Multifunctional curcumin mediated zinc oxide nanoparticle enhancing biofilm inhibition and targeting apoptotic specific pathway in oral squamous carcinoma cells
    Tayyeb JZ, Priya M, Guru A, Kishore Kumar MS, Giri J, Garg A, et al.
    Mol Biol Rep, 2024 Mar 15;51(1):423.
    PMID: 38489102 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09407-7
    BACKGROUND: Oral health remains a significant global concern with the prevalence of oral pathogens and the increasing incidence of oral cancer posing formidable challenges. Additionally, the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains has complicated treatment strategies, emphasizing the urgent need for alternative therapeutic approaches. Recent research has explored the application of plant compounds mediated with nanotechnology in oral health, focusing on the antimicrobial and anticancer properties.

    METHODS: In this study, curcumin (Cu)-mediated zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were synthesized and characterized using SEM, EDAX, UV spectroscopy, FTIR, and XRD to validate their composition and structural features. The antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of ZnO-CU NPs was investigated through DPPH, ABTS, and zone of inhibition assays. Apoptotic assays and gene expression analysis were performed in KB oral squamous carcinoma cells to identify their anticancer activity.

    RESULTS: ZnO-CU NPs showcased formidable antioxidant prowess in both DPPH and ABTS assays, signifying their potential as robust scavengers of free radicals. The determined minimal inhibitory concentration of 40 µg/mL against dental pathogens underscored the compelling antimicrobial attributes of ZnO-CU NPs. Furthermore, the interaction analysis revealed the superior binding affinity and intricate amino acid interactions of ZnO-CU NPs with receptors on dental pathogens. Moreover, in the realm of anticancer activity, ZnO-CU NPs exhibited a dose-dependent response against Human Oral Epidermal Carcinoma KB cells at concentrations of 10 µg/mL, 20 µg/mL, 40 µg/mL, and 80 µg/mL. Unraveling the intricate mechanism of apoptotic activity, ZnO-CU NPs orchestrated the upregulation of pivotal genes, including BCL2, BAX, and P53, within the KB cells.

    CONCLUSIONS: This multifaceted approach, addressing both antimicrobial and anticancer activity, positions ZnO-CU NPs as a compelling avenue for advancing oral health, offering a comprehensive strategy for tackling both oral infections and cancer.

    Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemistry
  7. Synthesis and characterization of marine seagrass (Cymodocea serrulata) mediated titanium dioxide nanoparticles for antibacterial, antibiofilm and antioxidant properties
    Narayanan M, Srinivasan S, Gnanasekaran C, Ramachandran G, Chelliah CK, Rajivgandhi G, et al.
    Microb Pathog, 2024 Apr;189:106595.
    PMID: 38387848 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106595
    Cymodocea serrulata mediated titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) were successfully synthesized. The XRD pattern and FTIR spectra demonstrated the crystalline structure of TiO2 NPs and the presence of phenols, flavonoids and alkaloids in the extract. Further SEM revealed that TiO2 NPs has uniform structure and spherical in shape with their size ranged from 58 to 117 nm. Antibacterial activity of TiO2 NPs against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Vibrio cholerae (V. cholerae), provided the zone of inhibition of 33.9 ± 1.7 and 36.3 ± 1.9 mm, respectively at 100 μg/mL concentration. MIC of TiO2 NPs against MRSA and V. cholerae showed 84% and 87% inhibition at 180 μg/mL and 160 μg/mL respectively. Subsequently, the sub-MIC of V. cholerae demonstrated minimal or no impact on bacterial growth at concentration of 42.5 μg/mL concentration. In addition, TiO2 NPs exhibited their ability to inhibit the biofilm forming V. cholerae which caused distinct morphological and intercellular damages analysed using CLSM and TEM. The antioxidant properties of TiO2 NPs were demonstrated through TAA and DPPH assays and exposed its scavenging activity with IC50 value of 36.42 and 68.85 μg/mL which denotes its valuable antioxidant properties with potential health benefits. Importantly, the brine shrimp based lethality experiment yielded a low cytotoxic effect with 13% mortality at 100 μg/mL. In conclusion, the multifaceted attributes of C. serrulata mediated TiO2 NPs encompassed the antibacterial, antioxidant and anti-biofilm inhibition effects with low cytotoxicity in nature were highlighted in this study and proved the bioderived TiO2 NPs could be used as a promising agent for biomedical applications.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemistry
  8. Fulltext Carbon nanodots as molecular scaffolds for development of antimicrobial agents
    Ngu-Schwemlein M, Chin SF, Hileman R, Drozdowski C, Upchurch C, Hargrove A
    Bioorg Med Chem Lett, 2016 Apr 01;26(7):1745-9.
    PMID: 26923697 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.02.047
    We report the potential of carbon nanodots (CNDs) as a molecular scaffold for enhancing the antimicrobial activities of small dendritic poly(amidoamines) (PAMAM). Carbon nanodots prepared from sago starch are readily functionalized with PAMAM by using N-ethyl-N'-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) and N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS). Electron microscopy images of these polyaminated CNDs show that they are approximately 30-60nm in diameter. Infrared and fluorescence spectroscopy analyses of the water-soluble material established the presence of the polyamidoaminated moiety and the intrinsic fluorescence of the nanodots. The polyaminated nanodots (CND-PAM1 and CND-PAM2) exhibit in vitro antimicrobial properties, not only to non-multidrug resistant bacteria but also to the corresponding Gram-negative multidrug bacteria. Their minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranges from 8 to 64μg/mL, which is much lower than that of PAMAM G1 or the non-active PAMAM G0 and CNDs. Additionally, they show synergistic effect in combination with tetracycline or colistin. These preliminary results imply that CNDs can serve as a promising scaffold for facilitating the rational design of antimicrobial materials for combating the ever-increasing threat of antibiotic resistance. Moreover, their fluorescence could be pertinent to unraveling their mode of action for imaging or diagnostic applications.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemistry*
  9. Fulltext Antibacterial evaluation of some Schiff bases derived from 2-acetylpyridine and their metal complexes
    Gwaram NS, Ali HM, Khaledi H, Abdulla MA, Hadi AH, Lin TK, et al.
    Molecules, 2012 May 18;17(5):5952-71.
    PMID: 22609786 DOI: 10.3390/molecules17055952
    A series of Schiff bases derived from 2-acetylpyridne and their metal complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, NMR, FT-IR and UV-Vis spectral studies. The complexes were screened for anti-bacterial activity against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Acinetobacter baumanni (AC), Klebsiella pneumonie (KB) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) using the disc diffusion and micro broth dilution assays. Based on the overall results, the complexes showed the highest activities against MRSA while a weak antibacterial activity was observed against A. baumanii and P. aeruginosa.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemistry
  10. Fulltext Antibiofilm properties of chemically synthesized silver nanoparticles found against Pseudomonas aeruginosa
    Palanisamy NK, Ferina N, Amirulhusni AN, Mohd-Zain Z, Hussaini J, Ping LJ, et al.
    J Nanobiotechnology, 2014 Jan 14;12:2.
    PMID: 24422704 DOI: 10.1186/1477-3155-12-2
    Nanomedicine is now being introduced as a recent trend in the field of medicine. It has been documented that metal nanoparticles have antimicrobial effects for bacteria, fungi and viruses. Recent advances in technology has revived the use of silver nanoparticles in the medical field; treatment, diagnosis, monitoring and control of disease. It has been used since ancient times for treating wide range of illnesses. Bacterial cells adheres to surfaces and develop structures known as biofilms. These structures are natural survival strategy of the bacteria to invade the host. They are more tolerant to commonly used antimicrobial agents, thus being more difficult to be controlled. This leads to increase in severity of infection. In this study, we have investigated the effect of silver nanoparticles in the formation of biofilm in multidrug resistant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Observation showed that biofilm formation occurred at bacterial concentration of 10(6) cfu/ml for the sensitive strain of P. aeruginosa while in the resistant strain, the biofilm was evident at bacterial concentration of about 10(3) cfu/ml. The biofilm were then tested against various concentrations of silver nanoparticles to determine the inhibitory effect of the silver nanoparticles. In the sensitive strain, 20 μg/ml of silver nanoparticles inhibited the growth optimally at bacterial concentration of 10(4) cfu/ml with an inhibition rate of 67%. Similarly, silver nanoparticles inhibited the formation of biofilm in the resistant strain at an optimal bacterial concentration of 10(5) cfu/ml with an inhibition rate of 56%. Thus, silver nanoparticles could be used as a potential alternative therapy to reduce severity of disease due to P. aeruginosa infections.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemistry
  11. Biopolymer based nanoparticles and their therapeutic potential in wound healing - A review
    Kumar M, Mahmood S, Chopra S, Bhatia A
    Int J Biol Macromol, 2024 May;267(Pt 2):131335.
    PMID: 38604431 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131335
    Nanoparticles (NPs) have been extensively investigated for their potential in nanomedicine. There is a significant level of enthusiasm about the potential of NPs to bring out a transformative impact on modern healthcare. NPs can serve as effective wound dressings or delivery vehicles due to their antibacterial and pro-wound-healing properties. Biopolymer-based NPs can be manufactured using various food-grade biopolymers, such as proteins, polysaccharides, and synthetic polymers, each offering distinct properties suitable for different applications which include collagen, polycaprolactone, chitosan, alginate, and polylactic acid, etc. Their biodegradable and biocompatible nature renders them ideal nanomaterials for applications in wound healing. Additionally, the nanofibers containing biopolymer-based NPs have shown excellent anti-bacterial and wound healing activity like silver NPs. These NPs represent a paradigm shift in wound healing therapies, offering targeted and personalized solutions for enhanced tissue regeneration and accelerated wound closure. The current review focuses on biopolymer NPs with their applications in wound healing.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemistry
  12. Exploring the potential of metal and metal oxide nanomaterials for sustainable water and wastewater treatment: A review of their antimicrobial properties
    Kamyab H, Chelliapan S, Hayder G, Yusuf M, Taheri MM, Rezania S, et al.
    Chemosphere, 2023 Sep;335:139103.
    PMID: 37271472 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139103
    Metallic nanoparticles (NPs) are of particular interest as antimicrobial agents in water and wastewater treatment due to their broad suppressive range against bacteria, viruses, and fungi commonly found in these environments. This review explores the potential of different types of metallic NPs, including zinc oxide, gold, copper oxide, and titanium oxide, for use as effective antimicrobial agents in water and wastewater treatment. This is due to the fact that metallic NPs possess a broad suppressive range against bacteria, viruses, as well as fungus. In addition to that, NPs are becoming an increasingly popular alternative to antibiotics for treating bacterial infections. Despite the fact that most research has been focused on silver NPs because of the antibacterial qualities that are known to be associated with them, curiosity about other metallic NPs as potential antimicrobial agents has been growing. Zinc oxide, gold, copper oxide, and titanium oxide NPs are included in this category since it has been demonstrated that these elements have antibacterial properties. Inducing oxidative stress, damage to the cellular membranes, and breakdowns throughout the protein and DNA chains are some of the ways that metallic NPs can have an influence on microbial cells. The purpose of this review was to engage in an in-depth conversation about the current state of the art regarding the utilization of the most important categories of metallic NPs that are used as antimicrobial agents. Several approaches for the synthesis of metal-based NPs were reviewed, including physical and chemical methods as well as "green synthesis" approaches, which are synthesis procedures that do not involve the employment of any chemical agents. Moreover, additional pharmacokinetics, physicochemical properties, and the toxicological hazard associated with the application of silver NPs as antimicrobial agents were discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemistry
  13. Platanosides from Platanus × acerifolia: New molecules, SAR, and target validation of a strong lead for drug-resistant bacterial infections and the associated sepsis
    Wu XY, Zhao ZY, Osman EEA, Wang XJ, Choo YM, Benjamin MM, et al.
    Bioorg Chem, 2024 Feb;143:107103.
    PMID: 38211549 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107103
    Three undescribed (1-3) and nine known (4-12) platanosides were isolated and characterized from a bioactive extract of the May leaves of Platanus × acerifolia that initially showed inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus. Targeted compound mining was guided by an LC-MS/MS-based molecular ion networking (MoIN) strategy combined with conventional isolation procedures from a unique geographic location. The novel structures were mainly determined by 2D NMR and computational (NMR/ECD calculations) methods. Compound 1 is a rare acylated kaempferol rhamnoside possessing a truxinate unit. 6 (Z,E-platanoside) and 7 (E,E-platanoside) were confirmed to have remarkable inhibitory effects against both methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MIC: ≤ 16 μg/mL) and glycopeptide-resistant Enterococcus faecium (MIC: ≤ 1 μg/mL). These platanosides were subjected to docking analyses against FabI (enoyl-ACP reductase) and PBP1/2 (penicillin binding protein), both of which are pivotal enzymes governing bacterial growth but not found in the human host. The results showed that 6 and 7 displayed superior binding affinities towards FabI and PBP2. Moreover, surface plasmon resonance studies on the interaction of 1/7 and FabI revealed that 7 has a higher affinity (KD = 1.72 μM), which further supports the above in vitro data and is thus expected to be a novel anti-antibacterial drug lead.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemistry
  14. Chemical composition, antifungal, antibiofilm, and molecular docking studies of Syzygium dyerianum essential oil
    Rahim FAM, Salleh WMNHW, Arzmi MH, Salihu AS
    Z Naturforsch C J Biosci, 2024 Jul 26;79(7-8):179-186.
    PMID: 38454808 DOI: 10.1515/znc-2023-0133
    The current study describes the chemical composition, antifungal, antibiofilm, antibacterial and molecular docking studies of Syzygium dyerianum growing in Malaysia. The essential oil was obtained through hydrodistillation and characterized using gas chromatography (GC-FID) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The antifungal and antibacterial activities were developed using the broth microdilution assay, whereas the effect on the microbial biofilms was determined using a semi-quantitative static biofilm assay. A total of 31 components were identified, which represent 99.5 % of the essential oil. The results revealed that the essential oil consisted mainly of β-pinene (15.6 %), α-terpineol (13.3 %), α-pinene (11.1 %), caryophyllene oxide (8.8 %), limonene (8.1 %), borneol (6.0 %) and viridiflorol (5.1 %). The results of the microdilution method showed that essential oil exhibited activity against Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans with minimal inhibitory concentration values of 125 and 250 μg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, essential oil decreased the biofilm of C. albicans and S. mutans by 20.11 ± 0.27 % and 32.10 ± 4.81 % when treated with 250 μg/mL. The best docking energy was observed with viridiflorol (-29.7 kJ/mol). This study highlights that essential oil can potentially be a natural antifungal, antibacterial, and antibiofilm agent that could be applied in the pharmaceutical and food industries.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemistry
  15. Phyto-fabricated ZnO nanoparticles for anticancer, photo-antimicrobial effect on carbapenem-resistant/sensitive Pseudomonas aeruginosa and removal of tetracycline
    Venkatraman G, Mohan PS, Mashghan MM, Wong KC, Abdul-Rahman PS, Vellasamy KM, et al.
    Bioprocess Biosyst Eng, 2024 Aug;47(8):1163-1182.
    PMID: 38491194 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-024-02984-8
    Alternanthera sessilis (AS) leaf extract was used to synthesize zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs). Bioanalytical characterization techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) confirmed the formation of crystalline ZnO NPs with average sizes of 40 nm. The AS-ZnO NPs antimicrobial activity was analyzed under dark (D) and white light (WL) conditions. The improved antimicrobial activity was observed against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis at the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 125 and 62.5 µg/mL under WL than the D at 125 and 250 µg/mL for E. coli, B. subtilis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, respectively. In contrast, the growth of P. aeruginosa and S. aureus was not completely inhibited until 1 mg/mL AS-ZnO NPs under WL and D. Similarly, AS-ZnO NPs displayed a weaker inhibitory effect against carbapenem-sensitive P. aeruginosa (CSPA) and carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa (CRPA) strains of PAC023, PAC041 and PAC032, PAC045 under D. Interestingly, the distinct inhibitory effect was recorded against CSPA PAC041 and CRPA PAC032 in which the bacteria growth was inhibited 99.9% at 250, 500 µg/mL under WL. The cytotoxicity results suggested AS-ZnO NPs demonstrated higher toxicity to MCF-7 breast cancer cells than the RAW264.7 macrophage cells. Further, AS-ZnO NPs exhibited higher catalytic potential against tetracycline hydrochloride (TC-H) degradation at 65.6% and 60.8% under WL than the dark at 59.35% and 48.6% within 120 min. Therefore, AS-ZnO NPs can be used to design a photo-improved antimicrobial formulation and environmental catalyst for removing TC-H from wastewater.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemistry
  16. Isolation and Characterization of Antimicrobial Peptides Isolated from Brevibacillus halotolerans 7WMA2 for the Activity Against Multidrug-Resistant Pathogens
    Le Han H, Pham PTV, Kim SG, Chan SS, Khoo KS, Chew KW, et al.
    Mol Biotechnol, 2024 Dec;66(12):3618-3627.
    PMID: 38042757 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00963-0
    Multidrug resistance to pathogens has posed a severe threat to public health. The threat could be addressed by antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) with broad-spectrum suppression. In this study, Brevibacillus halotolerans 7WMA2, isolated from marine sediment, produced AMPs against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The AMPs were precipitated by ammonium sulfate 30% (w/v) from culture broth and dialyzed by a 1 kDa membrane. Tryptone Soy Agar (TSA) was used for the cultivation and resulted in the largest bacteria-inhibiting zones under aerobic conditions at 25 °C, 48 h. An SDS-PAGE gel overlay test revealed that strain 7WMA2 could produce AMPs of 5-10 kDa and showed no degradation when held at 121 °C for 30 min at a wide pH 2-12 range. The AMPs did not cause toxicity to HeLa cells with concentrations up to 500 µg/mL while increasing the arbitrary unit up to eight times. The study showed that the AMPs produced were unique, with broad-spectrum antimicrobial ability.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemistry
  17. Enhancing refrigerated chicken breasts preservation: Novel composite hydrogels incorporated with antimicrobial peptides, bacterial cellulose, and polyvinyl alcohol
    Si S, Huang X, Wang Q, Manickam S, Zhao D, Liu Y
    Int J Biol Macromol, 2024 Nov;281(Pt 4):136505.
    PMID: 39395516 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.136505
    Microbial contamination annually leads to substantial food resource loss. Effective food packaging can mitigate food contamination and waste, yet conventional materials such as plastics often lack bacteriostatic activity. This study aimed to synthesise FengycinA-M3@bacterial cellulose@polyvinyl alcohol composite hydrogels via dual cross-linking with hydrogen and borate bonding, with the goal of enhancing antibacterial properties and prolonging the preservation period of refrigerated chicken breast. The composite hydrogel was subjected to comprehensive characterisation for structural, mechanical, water absorption, slow peptide release, antimicrobial capacity, biocompatibility, and chicken breast freshness preservation. The results showed that the composite hydrogel had a porous network structure and excellent gel elasticity and biocompatibility. It was effective in inhibiting Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, and prolonged the storage time of frozen chicken breast for up to 12 days. These findings emphasise the potential of hydrogel food packaging to prolong storage periods and its suitability for food industry applications due to ease of manufacture.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemistry
  18. Designing potential lead compounds targeting aminoglycoside N (6')-acetyltransferase in Serratia marcescens: A drug discovery strategy
    Prabhu D, Shankari G, Rajamanikandan S, Jeyakanthan J, Velusamy P, Gopinath SCB, et al.
    Int J Biol Macromol, 2024 Nov;281(Pt 1):136976.
    PMID: 39490491 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.136976
    Serratia marcescens is an opportunistic human pathogen that causes urinary tract infections, ocular lens infections, and respiratory tract infections. S. marcescens employs various defense mechanisms to evade antibiotics, one of which is mediated by aminoglycoside N-acetyltransferase (AAC). In this mechanism, the enzyme AAC facilitates the transfer and linkage of the acetyl moiety from the donor substrate acetyl-coenzyme A to specific positions on antibiotics. This modification alters the antibiotic's structure, leading to the inactivation of aminoglycoside antibiotics. In the current scenario, antibiotic resistance has become a global threat, and targeting the enzymes that mediate resistance is considered crucial to combat this issue. The study aimed to address the increasing global threat of antibiotic resistance in Serratia marcescens by targeting the aminoglycoside N-acetyltransferase (AAC (6')) enzyme, which inactivates aminoglycoside antibiotics through acetylation. Due to the absence of experimental structure, we constructed a homology model of aminoglycoside N (6')-acetyltransferase (AAC (6')) of S. marcescens using the atomic structure of aminoglycoside N-acetyltransferase AAC (6')-Ib (PDB ID: 1V0C) as a template. The stable architecture and integrity of the modelled AAC (6') structure were analyzed through a 100 ns simulation. Structure-guided high-throughput screening of four small molecule databases (Binding, Life Chemicals, Zinc, and Toslab) resulted in the identification of potent inhibitors against AAC (6'). The hits obtained from screening were manually clustered, and the five hit molecules were shortlisted based on the docking score, which are observed in the range of -17.09 kcal/mol to -11.95 kcal/mol. These selected five molecules displayed acceptable pharmacological properties in ADME predictions. The binding free energy calculations, and molecular dynamics simulations of ligand bound AAC (6') complexes represented higher affinity and stable binding. The selected molecules demonstrated stable binding with AAC (6'), indicating their strong potential to hamper the binding of aminoglycoside in the respective site. and thereby inhibit. This process mitigates enzyme mediated AAC (6') activity on aminoglycosides and reverse the bactericidal function of aminoglycosides, and also this method could serve as a platform for the development of potential antimicrobials.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemistry
  19. How Important is the Metal-free Catalytic Knoevenagel Reaction in Medicinal Chemistry? An Updated Review
    Johari S, Johan MR, Khaligh NG
    Curr Med Chem, 2024;31(27):4286-4311.
    PMID: 38243980 DOI: 10.2174/0109298673260463231122074253
    The Knoevenagel condensation is a powerful and primary step for the development of carbon-carbon bond transformations. These condensations offer versatile products/ intermediates for diverse uses in polymers, cosmetics, chemical industries, and medicinal chemistry. Various homogenous and heterogenous catalysts have been found to promote the Knoevenagel condensation reaction, both environmentally and economically. Due to their attractive use in the production of pharmaceutical drugs, they are proven to be the main force that drives the synthesis involving numerous multi-component and multistep reactions. The present study, therefore, aims to summarise reported Knoevenagel condensation reactions using metal-free catalysts resulting in pharmaceutically useful compounds with anti-cancer, anti-tumor, anti-oxidant, anti-malarial, anti-diabetic, and anti- bacterial activities. By considering factors like their structure-activity relationships (SARs), the reaction conditions, and the steps involved, as well as the advantages and limitations of the particular approach, we also provide a general framework and direction in order to achieve superior characteristics of the catalyst.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemistry
  20. Schiff Base Mediated Synthesis of Novel Imidazolidine-4-One Derivatives for Potential Antimicrobial and Anthelmintic Activities
    Chilamakuru NB, Singirisetty T, Bodapati A, Kallam SDM, Nelson VK, Suryadevara PR, et al.
    Luminescence, 2024 Nov;39(11):e70026.
    PMID: 39529222 DOI: 10.1002/bio.70026
    This study focuses on developing novel antimicrobials to combat drug-resistant pathogens, addressing compounds failing clinical trials due to inadequate physicochemical properties. Sixteen imidazolidine-4-one derivatives were synthesized by extensive evaluation using molecular docking, absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion (ADME) predictions, and antimicrobial testing. Molecular docking studies conducted with Schrödinger's Glide revealed that compounds S4 and G8 exhibited superior docking scores of -7.839 and -7.776, respectively. The G series outperformed the S series in scores. ADME analysis confirmed all compounds adhered to Lipinski's rule of five. In addition, IR and NMR provided details about the structure of the compounds. Antimicrobial activity was assessed against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans, with compounds G2 and S2 showing exceptional minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 6.25 μg/mL against E. coli. S2 also demonstrated impressive activity against S. aureus (MIC 3.12 μg/mL), and S4 exhibited potent activity against C. albicans (MIC 0.8 μg/mL) than fluconazole (1.6 μg/mL). Additionally, antihelmintic activity was evaluated, with G1, G3, G8, S2, S4, S7, and S8 showing effective paralysis and death time 20 min and below at 50 mg/mL concentration. These results underscore the potential of new imidazolidine-4-one derivatives as suitable sources to develop a drug candidate to treat resistant infections.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemistry
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