Displaying publications 81 - 100 of 156 in total

Abstract:
Sort:
  1. Thong MK
    JUMMEC, 2012;15(2):1-8.
    MyJurnal
    The story of clinical genetics is a relatively new one, first spearheaded by paediatrics but increasingly, has taken root in all branches of medicine leading to ‘personalised medicine’. There are expectations that this revolution in genetics will pave the way to genomic medicine and a cure for all inherited disorders. The development of the field of Clinical Genetics and genetic counselling in Malaysia is still in its infancy. Using evidence-based data on genetic disorders such as birth defects, inborn errors of metabolism, genetic syndromes, neurological disorders and hereditary cancers, that hitherto have not been well documented in Malaysia, this review article will focus on findings and issues that will present a unique insight and opportunity to understanding the complex genetic counselling issues related to clinical genetics in Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nervous System Diseases
  2. Wong, L. K. S., Muthupalaniappen, L., Tie, S. T.
    Medicine & Health, 2017;12(2):275-285.
    MyJurnal
    Adult influenza and pneumococcal vaccinations are grossly underutilized although there is clear benefit in reducing mortality and morbidity among those at risk. The aim of the study was to assess primary care physician’s knowledge on adult influenza and pneumococcal vaccinations, their beliefs and barriers to vaccination. A cross-sectional study using self-administered questionnaires was conducted at eight primary care centres in Kuching, Sarawak. A total of 108 primary care physicians participated in this study. Median age of participants was 29 years (IQR 4.0). The median knowledge score for influenza vaccine was 9 (IQR 3) and for pneumococcal vaccine was 8 (IQR 4). Female participants scored higher compared to their male counterparts for influenza and pneumococcal vaccines (P = 0.005 & 0.007). The highest percentage of correct responses for influenza vaccination was for side effects (75.3%) while the lowest was for contraindications (9.3%). The highest percentage of correct responses for pneumococcal vaccination was for side effects (69.1%) while the lowest was for advocated target groups (6.2%). Most participants believed that pneumococcal and influenza vaccines were safe (92.8 & 99%) and beneficial for patients (89.7 & 93.8%). Cost of influenza and pneumococcal vaccines (94.8% & 96.9%) and their availability (86.6% & 89.7%) were the main barriers to prescribing them. Primary care physicians in the public sector have moderate knowledge of both adult vaccinations. Areas of knowledge paucity and barriers need to be addressed to ensure a more comprehensive health care delivery to the aging Malaysian population.
    Keywords: adult, belief, influenza vaccines, knowledge, pneumococcal vaccines
    Matched MeSH terms: Autonomic Nervous System Diseases
  3. Ahmed, M., Huq, M.S., Ibrahim, B.S.K.K., Ahmed, A.
    Movement Health & Exercise, 2018;7(1):211-223.
    MyJurnal
    Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) can be used to revive movement
    functions of the human body to a certain degree which was lost due to
    occurrences of the nervous system disorders resulting from accidents or
    diseases. It can also be employed for gait rehabilitation as well as therapy.
    Control systems could be employed to improve on the FES-induced motion,
    and the closed-loop was targeted due to its advantages. Based on the papers
    reviewed, studies have shown that the linear control schemes are popular for
    movement restoration in the lower limb, but mostly for continuous standing
    contributing to mainly the stance phase. Therefore, a myriad of limitations
    was observed which include: the need for using improved sensors, re-tuning
    for every subject, tests conducted using patient with more straightforward
    ailments, complexity in implementation and most importantly is the issue of
    stability. The swing phase of gait movement and the full walking motion have
    more complex dynamics and coupled with the nature of the plant (human with
    nervous system disorder and the neuromuscular structure) could render the
    linear control method obsolete or unsuitable. Hence, there is a need to
    investigate other techniques such as the nonlinear and intelligent control
    methods.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nervous System Diseases
  4. Sampath Kumar A, Arun Maiya G, Shastry BA, Vaishali K, Maiya S, Umakanth S
    Diabetes Metab Syndr, 2018 10 10;13(1):344-348.
    PMID: 30641723 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2018.10.005
    BACKGROUND: Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) means the amount of energy utilized by body in physical and psychological resting rate, after a night sleep, awake without any previous physical activity post meal (10 h after last meal) & neutral environment. In people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) there is an increase in BMR which is said to be associated with the level of glycaemic control. So, the objective of the study was to find out the correlation between BMR, Insulin resistance and Visceral fat in T2DM with peripheral neuropathy.

    MATERIALS & METHODS: A total of 50 participants with T2DM with peripheral neuropathy were included. Age group of 30-75 years were selected for the study. Participants with a known history of neurological disease, locomotor disability, and pregnancy were excluded from the study. Demographic details of the participants like duration of diabetes mellitus, age, Fasting Blood Glucose, Fasting Insulin, HOMA-IR, Glycated Haemoglobin (HBA1c), Neuropathy and Blood pressure values were noted. We measured Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) by using Mifflin-St Jeor predictive equation in T2DM with peripheral neuropathy.

    RESULTS: The mean age of the participants is 60.16 ± 10.62. The mean duration of T2DM 13.44 ± 11.92. In the present study we found a statistical significant correlation between BMR and HOMA IR (r = 0.913*; p = 0.000), BMR & Fasting blood sugar (FBS) (r = 0.281*; p = 0.048), BMR and Visceral fat (VF) (r = 0.332*; p = 0.018).

    CONCLUSION: Basal metabolic rate is correlated to Homa-IR, visceral fat, fasting blood sugar and musculoskeletal mass among T2DM with peripheral neuropathy.

    Matched MeSH terms: Peripheral Nervous System Diseases/etiology; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases/metabolism; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases/pathology*
  5. Nik Mohamed Kamal NNSB, Shahidan WNS
    Front Pharmacol, 2019;10:1500.
    PMID: 32038230 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01500
    MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a group of small non-coding RNAs with approximately 19-25 nucleotides that are involved in regulating a range of developmental and physiological processes. Non-exosomal circulating and exosomal miRNAs have also been proposed to be useful in diagnostics as biomarkers for diseases and different types of cancer. In this review, the quantity of miRNAs and of reliable experimental data analyses of miRNAs that come from exosomal and non-exosomal sources are discussed from the perspective of their use as biomarkers for cancer and other diseases, including viral infections, nervous system disorders, cardiovascular disorders, and diabetes. We summarize other research findings regarding the use of miRNA from these two sources as biomarkers in diagnostics and clinical use. The challenges in using miRNA from these two sources in cancer and disease diagnostics are evaluated and discussed. Validation of specific miRNA signatures as biomarkers is a critical milestone in diagnostics.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nervous System Diseases
  6. Cohen C, Moreira ED, Nañez H, Nachiappan JP, Arvinder-Singh HS, Huoi C, et al.
    Vaccine, 2019 03 22;37(13):1868-1875.
    PMID: 30826144 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.01.087
    BACKGROUND: The background incidence of viscerotropic- (VLD) and neurotropic-like disease (NLD) unrelated to immunization in dengue-endemic countries is currently unknown.

    METHODS: This retrospective population-based analysis estimated crude and standardized incidences of VLD and NLD in twelve hospitals in Brazil (n = 3), Mexico (n = 3), and Malaysia (n = 6) over a 1-year period before the introduction of the tetravalent dengue vaccine. Catchment areas were estimated using publicly available population census information and administrative data. The denominator population for incidence rates was calculated, and sensitivity analyses assessed the impact of important assumptions.

    RESULTS: Total cases adjudicated as definite VLD were 5, 57, and 56 in Brazil, Mexico, and Malaysia, respectively. Total cases adjudicated as definite NLD were 103, 29, and 26 in Brazil, Mexico, and Malaysia, respectively. Crude incidence rates of cases adjudicated as definite VLD in Brazil, Mexico, and Malaysia were 1.17, 2.60, and 1.48 per 100,000 person-years, respectively. Crude incidence rates of cases adjudicated as definite NLD in Brazil, Mexico, and Malaysia were 4.45, 1.32, and 0.69 per 100,000 person-years, respectively.

    CONCLUSIONS: Background incidence estimates of VLD and NLD obtained in Mexico, Brazil, and Malaysia could provide context for cases occurring after the introduction of the tetravalent dengue vaccine.

    Matched MeSH terms: Nervous System Diseases/diagnosis; Nervous System Diseases/etiology*; Nervous System Diseases/epidemiology*
  7. Raja J, Balaikerisnan T, Ramanaidu LP, Goh KJ
    Int J Rheum Dis, 2021 Mar;24(3):347-354.
    PMID: 33432774 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185X.14042
    AIM: The reported prevalence of peripheral neuropathy in systemic sclerosis (SSc) is variable between 0.01% to 28%, probably due to differences in sample size, study design and population. Our aim is to determine the prevalence of large fiber peripheral neuropathy in SSc and to identify any contributing factors.

    METHOD: A prospective cross-sectional study of 60 SSc patients were evaluated for large fiber neuropathy using the modified clinical Total Neuropathy Score (cTNS) and nerve conduction study (NCS) of the upper and lower limbs. A combination of clinical (cTNS score ≥ 2) and NCS criteria (≥2 abnormal nerves including 1 sural [symmetrical polyneuropathy] and NCS abnormalities consistent with individual nerves/nerve roots [focal neuropathy]) was used to diagnose peripheral neuropathy.

    RESULTS: The majority had limited cutaneous subset (75%). Mean age was 55.73 (SD ± 13.04) years and mean disease duration was 8.61 (SD ± 8.09) years. Twenty-two (36.7%) had combined clinical and NCS criteria for peripheral neuropathy, 14 (23.3%) with symmetrical polyneuropathy and 8 (13.3%) with focal neuropathy. Symmetrical polyneuropathy patients had significantly lower hemoglobin levels (11.2 vs. 12.35 g/L; P = .047). Serum vitamin B12 levels were normal, therefore excluding vitamin B12 deficiency. No other associations were found for both polyneuropathy and focal neuropathy with demography, co-morbid diseases and SSc disease factors such as Raynaud's phenomenon and modified Rodnan skin score.

    CONCLUSION: Large fiber neuropathy is common in SSc patients, which could contribute to non-lethal burden in SSc with sensory loss and muscle weakness. Apart from lower hemoglobin in polyneuropathy, there were no associations with disease-specific features or co-morbid diseases.

    Matched MeSH terms: Peripheral Nervous System Diseases/diagnosis*; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases/etiology; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases/physiopathology
  8. Tan HJ, Goh KL
    J Dig Dis, 2012 Jul;13(7):342-9.
    PMID: 22713083 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-2980.2012.00599.x
    Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is reported to be associated with many extragastrointestinal manifestations, such as hematological diseases [idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) and unexplained iron deficiency anemia (IDA)], cardiovascular diseases (ischemic heart diseases), neurological disorders (stroke, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease), obesity and skin disorders. Among these, the best evidence so far is in ITP and unexplained IDA, with high-quality studies showing the improvement of IDA and ITP after H. pylori eradication. The evidence of its association with coronary artery disease is weak and many of the results may be erroneous. The role of H. pylori infection in affecting serum leptin and ghrelin levels has attracted a lot of attention recently and available data to date have been conflicting. There have also been many uncontrolled, small sample studies suggesting an association between H. pylori infection and neurological disorders or chronic urticaria. However, more studies are required to clarify such proposed causal links.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nervous System Diseases/microbiology
  9. Hema CR, Paulraj MP, Yaacob S, Adom AH, Nagarajan R
    Adv Exp Med Biol, 2011;696:565-72.
    PMID: 21431597 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-7046-6_57
    A brain machine interface (BMI) design for controlling the navigation of a power wheelchair is proposed. Real-time experiments with four able bodied subjects are carried out using the BMI-controlled wheelchair. The BMI is based on only two electrodes and operated by motor imagery of four states. A recurrent neural classifier is proposed for the classification of the four mental states. The real-time experiment results of four subjects are reported and problems emerging from asynchronous control are discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nervous System Diseases/rehabilitation
  10. Dutta S, Singh G, Sreejith S, Mamidi MK, Husin JM, Datta I, et al.
    CNS Neurosci Ther, 2013 Jan;19(1):5-11.
    PMID: 23253099 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12027
    Neurodegenerative diseases are devastating because they cause increasing loss of cognitive and physical functions and affect an estimated 1 billion individuals worldwide. Unfortunately, no drugs are currently available to halt their progression, except a few that are largely inadequate. This mandates the search of new treatments for these progressively degenerative diseases. Neural stem cells (NSCs) have been successfully isolated, propagated, and characterized from the adult brains of mammals, including humans. The confirmation that neurogenesis occurs in the adult brain via NSCs opens up fresh avenues for treating neurological problems. The proof-of-concept studies demonstrating the neural differentiation capacity of stem cells both in vitro and in vivo have raised widespread enthusiasm toward cell-based interventions. It is anticipated that cell-based neurogenic drugs may reverse or compensate for deficits associated with neurological diseases. The increasing interest of the private sector in using human stem cells in therapeutics is evidenced by launching of several collaborative clinical research activities between Pharma giants and research institutions or small start-up companies. In this review, we discuss the major developments that have taken place in this field to position stem cells as a prospective candidate drug for the treatment of neurological disorders.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nervous System Diseases/surgery*
  11. Kalra J, Prakash A, Kumar P, Majeed AB
    J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst, 2015 Sep;16(3):459-68.
    PMID: 25944853 DOI: 10.1177/1470320315583582
    Work on the brain renin-angiotensin system has been explored by various researchers and has led to elucidation of its basic physiologies and behavior, including its role in reabsorption and uptake of body fluid, blood pressure maintenance with angiotensin II being its prominent effector. Currently, this system has been implicated for its newly established effects, which are far beyond its cardio-renal effects accounting for maintenance of cerebral blood flow and cerebroprotection, seizure, in the etiology of Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, and bipolar disorder. In this review, we have discussed the distribution of angiotensin receptor subtypes in the central nervous system (CNS) together with enzymatic pathways leading to active angiotensin ligands and its interaction with angiotensin receptor 2 (AT2) and Mas receptors. Secondly, the use of angiotensin analogues (angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and AT1 and/or AT2 receptor blockers) in the treatment and management of the CNS disorders mentioned above has been discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nervous System Diseases/drug therapy
  12. Yeap SS, Chow SK, Manivasagar M, Veerapen K, Wang F
    Med J Malaysia, 2001 Sep;56(3):308-12.
    PMID: 11732075
    A retrospective analysis of the case records of 494 systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients under follow-up at University Hospital, Kuala Lumpur during 1976-1990 was performed. Overall mortality was 20.2% (100 patients). The causes of death were infection (30%), renal (15%), respiratory (14%), neurological (5%), cardiovascular (7%), other causes (2%) and unknown (27%). Active SLE was a contributing factor in 19% of the deaths. The patients who died had significantly more renal disease, neurological disease, serositis or thrombocytopenia by the end of the first year of disease compared to the survivors. As in other series, infection and active SLE remain important causes of death.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nervous System Diseases/complications
  13. Suraya Y, Yoong KY
    Med J Malaysia, 2001 Sep;56(3):378-81.
    PMID: 11732087
    Inspite of the advent of newer antimanic drugs, lithium carbonate remains widely used in the treatment and prevention of manic-depressive illness. However care has to be exercised due to its low therapeutic index. The central nervous system and renal system are predominantly affected in acute lithium intoxication and is potentially lethal. The more common side effect involves the central nervous system. It occurs early and is preventable. We describe three cases of lithium toxicity admitted to Johor Bahru Hospital, with emphasis on its neurological preponderance.
    Matched MeSH terms: Central Nervous System Diseases/chemically induced
  14. Low ET, Loh TG
    Med J Malaysia, 1987 Jun;42(2):113-4.
    PMID: 2845234
    A patient with organophosphate poisoning who survived the acute phase and subsequently developed delayed neuropathy is presented. The features of this form of delayed neuropathy are described and the implications in our local context discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Peripheral Nervous System Diseases/chemically induced*
  15. Deva JP
    Med J Malaysia, 1976 Mar;30(3):201-6.
    PMID: 183087
    Matched MeSH terms: Peripheral Nervous System Diseases/etiology
  16. Tan DS
    Med J Malaya, 1968 Dec;23(2):140-5.
    PMID: 4308419
    Matched MeSH terms: Central Nervous System Diseases/etiology*
  17. Choudhury H, Chellappan DK, Sengupta P, Pandey M, Gorain B
    Curr Pharm Des, 2019;25(26):2808-2827.
    PMID: 31309883 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190712181955
    The ubiquitous signaling nucleoside molecule, adenosine is found in different cells of the human body to provide its numerous pharmacological role. The associated actions of endogenous adenosine are largely dependent on conformational change of the widely expressed heterodimeric G-protein-coupled A1, A2A, A2B, and A3 adenosine receptors (ARs). These receptors are well conserved on the surface of specific cells, where potent neuromodulatory properties of this bioactive molecule reflected by its easy passage through the rigid blood-brainbarrier, to simultaneously act on the central nervous system (CNS). The minimal concentration of adenosine in body fluids (30-300 nM) is adequate to exert its neuromodulatory action in the CNS, whereas the modulatory effect of adenosine on ARs is the consequence of several neurodegenerative diseases. Modulatory action concerning the activation of such receptors in the CNS could be facilitated towards neuroprotective action against such CNS disorders. Our aim herein is to discuss briefly pathophysiological roles of adenosine on ARs in the modulation of different CNS disorders, which could be focused towards the identification of potential drug targets in recovering accompanying CNS disorders. Researches with active components with AR modulatory action have been extended and already reached to the bedside of the patients through clinical research in the improvement of CNS disorders. Therefore, this review consist of recent findings in literatures concerning the impact of ARs on diverse CNS disease pathways with the possible relevance to neurodegeneration.
    Matched MeSH terms: Central Nervous System Diseases/physiopathology*
  18. Olival KJ, Daszak P
    J Neurovirol, 2005 Oct;11(5):441-6.
    PMID: 16287685
    The authors review common themes in the ecology of emerging viruses that cause neurological disease. Three issues emerge. First, 49% of emerging viruses are characterized by encephalitis or serious neurological clinical symptoms. Second, all of these viruses are driven to emerge by ecological, environmental, or human demographic changes, some of which are poorly understood. Finally, the control of these viruses would be enhanced by collaborative multidisciplinary research into these drivers of emergence. The authors highlight this review with a case study of Nipah virus, which emerged in Malaysia due largely to shifts in livestock production and alterations to reservoir host habitat. Collaboration between virologists, ecologists, disease modelers and wildlife biologists has been instrumental in retracing the factors involved in this virus's emergence.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nervous System Diseases/virology*
  19. Abd Rachman Isnadi MF, Chin VK, Abd Majid R, Lee TY, Atmadini Abdullah M, Bello Omenesa R, et al.
    Mediators Inflamm, 2018;2018:5346413.
    PMID: 29507527 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5346413
    Interleukin-33 (IL-33) is an IL-1 family member, which exhibits both pro- and anti-inflammatory properties solely based on the type of the disease itself. Generally, IL-33 is expressed by both endothelial and epithelial cells and mediates its function based on the interaction with various receptors, mainly with ST2 variants. IL-33 is a potent inducer for the Th2 immune response which includes defence mechanism in brain diseases. Thus, in this paper, we review the biological features of IL-33 and the critical roles of IL-33/ST2 pathway in selected neurological disorders including Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, and malaria infection to discuss the involvement of IL-33/ST2 pathway during these brain diseases and its potential as future immunotherapeutic agents or for intervention purposes.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nervous System Diseases/metabolism*
Filters
Contact Us

Please provide feedback to Administrator ([email protected])

External Links