MyMedR

Fulltext Brain metastasis of atrial myxoma: Case report

Badrisyah I, Saiful R, Rahmat H, Naik VR, Tan YC

Med J Malaysia, 2012 Dec;67(6):613-5.

Metastasis of an atrial myxoma to the brain is extremely rare. Thus far there are only 17 cases reported, including our present case. Most of the brain metastases manifest only in 3 to 6 decades, after an average time frame of one to two years after surgical removal of parental tumour. We present a case of brain metastases of atrial myxoma in a teenager of the youngest age among all reported cases, unusually as early as 15 years old. The progress of the metastatic process had been insidious for three years after heart surgery, The imaging demonstrated a rather sizeable tumour by the time when the patient is symptomatic. The location of the metastatic tumour is anyhow superficial to the cortical surface, enabling complete surgical excision of the tumour easily achievable with favourable outcome.

Matched MeSH terms: Brain Neoplasms/surgery; Heart Neoplasms*

Indications and outcomes of reduced-toxicity hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in adult patients with hematological malignancies

Wahid SF

Int J Hematol, 2013 May;97(5):581-98.

PMID: 23585244 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-013-1313-0

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT) utilizing non-myeloablative (NMA) and reduced-intensity conditioning (RIC) regimens (collectively referred to as reduced-toxicity HCT, RT-HCT) has become a viable therapeutic option for patients with hematological malignancies who are ineligible for standard myeloablative conditioning transplantation (MA-HCT). RT-HCT has been shown to induce stable engraftment with low toxicity, and to produce similar overall and progression-free survival (PFS) when compared to MA-HCT in acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome. The best results for RT-HCT have been reported for patients with disease that is in remission, indolent and chemosensitive, and with a strong graft-versus-malignancy effect. Chronic graft-versus-host disease seems to correlate with a lower relapse rate and better PFS. RT-HCT is inferior when performed in poor risk or advanced disease, due to high relapse rates. A search for novel strategies that includes the most appropriate conditioning regimens and post-transplant immunomodulation protocols with more intensive anti-malignancy activity but limited toxicity is in progress. This review provides an update on the results of clinical studies of RT-HCT, and discusses possible indications and investigative strategies for improving the clinical outcomes of RT-HCT for the major hematological malignancies.

Matched MeSH terms: Hematologic Neoplasms/complications; Hematologic Neoplasms/mortality; Hematologic Neoplasms/therapy*

An unexpected case of primary peritoneal carcinoma

Nur-Syahrina R, Siti-Aishah MA, Swaminathan M, Ng PH, Ismail S, Syazarina SO, et al.

Clin Ter, 2010;161(3):261-3.

PMID: 20589359

Primary peritoneal carcinoma (PPC) is a rare tumor that is histologically and immunohistochemically indistinguishable from epithelial ovarian carcinoma. The diagnosis is usually made after excluding gross ovarian involvement or the ovarian involvement is only confined to the surface. A 68-year-old lady presented with right iliac fossa pain and increasing CA125. The CT scan showed bilateral pelvic adnexal masses with peritoneal deposits within the right side of abdomen. She was initially diagnosed as carcinomatosis peritonei from the omental cake removed after exploratory surgery. She was managed as advanced ovarian tumor with peritoneal metastasis and was then administered six cycles of chemotherapy. Surgical intervention included debulking surgery consisting of total abdominal hysterectomy, bilateral salpingooophorectomy and omentectomy and also with right hemicolectomy. The histopathological findings were of primary peritoneal serous carcinoma with only minimal involvement of the serosal surface of the right ovarian capsule. No microscopic invasion into underlying ovarian cortex and stroma was observed. Multiple tumor deposits were also seen over the right paratubal and paraovarian tissue, both parametrium as well as serosal surface of the terminal ileum and periappendicular tissue. Immunohistochemically, the malignant cells were positive to CA125, focally positive to CK7 and negative to CD20 and Calretinin. PPC is one of important differential diagnosis which needs to be considered in cases of advanced ovarian tumor, although the former can only be ascertained after excluding the ovarian involvement microscopically.

Matched MeSH terms: Ovarian Neoplasms/diagnosis; Peritoneal Neoplasms/diagnosis*

PIK3CA gene mutations in breast carcinoma in Malaysian patients

Ching-Shian Leong V, Jabal MF, Leong PP, Abdullah MA, Gul YA, Seow HF

Cancer Genet. Cytogenet., 2008 Dec;187(2):74-9.

PMID: 19027487 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2008.07.005

Somatic mutations of phosphoinositide-3-kinase, catalytic, alpha; PIK3CA gene have been reported in several types of human cancers. The majority of the PIK3CA mutations map to the three "hot spots" - E542 K and E545 K in the helical (exon 9) and H1047R in the kinase (exon 20) domains of the p110alpha. These hot spot mutations lead to a gain of function in PI3 K signaling. We aimed to determine the frequency of PIK3CA mutations in the three most common Malaysian cancers. In this study, we assessed the genetic alterations in the PIK3CA gene in a series of 20 breast carcinomas, 24 colorectal carcinomas, 27 nasopharyngeal carcinomas (NPC), and 5 NPC cell lines. We performed mutation analysis of the PIK3CA gene by genomic polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and followed by DNA direct sequencing in exons 9 and 20. No mutations were detected in any of the 24 colorectal and 27 NPC samples, but one hot spot mutation located at exon 20 was found in a NPC cell line, SUNE1. Interestingly, PIK3CA somatic mutations were present in 6/20 (30%) breast carcinomas. Two of the six mutations, H1047R, have been reported previously as a hot spot mutation. Only one out of three hot spot mutations were identified in breast tumor samples. The remaining four mutations were novel. Our data showed that a higher incidence rate of PIK3CA mutations was present in Malaysian breast cancers as compared to colorectal and nasopharyngeal tumor tissues. Our findings also indicate that PIK3CA mutations play a pivotal role in activation of the PI3 K signaling pathway in breast cancer, and specific inhibitors of PIK3CA could be useful for breast cancer treatment in Malaysia.

Matched MeSH terms: Breast Neoplasms/genetics*; Breast Neoplasms/metabolism; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms/genetics; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms/metabolism; Colorectal Neoplasms/genetics; Colorectal Neoplasms/metabolism

Fulltext A woman presenting with dry cough, hoarseness of voice and significant weight loss

Khajotia R

Malays Fam Physician, 2008;3(2):107.

PMID: 25606129

Matched MeSH terms: Lung Neoplasms

Fulltext A rare case of middle mediastinal thymoma mimicking left lower lobe lung tumor

Venayaga K, Ooi JSM, Shabir B

Med J Malaysia, 2005 Oct;60(4):508-10.

PMID: 16570719

Matched MeSH terms: Lung Neoplasms/diagnosis*; Lung Neoplasms/pathology; Mediastinal Neoplasms/diagnosis*; Mediastinal Neoplasms/pathology; Thymus Neoplasms/diagnosis*; Thymus Neoplasms/pathology

Fulltext Sino-nasal hemangiopericytoma--a rare tumor

Vikneswaran T, Gendeh BS, Tan VES, Phang KS, Saravanan K

Med J Malaysia, 2005 Oct;60(4):485-8.

PMID: 16570712

Hemangiopericytoma is a very rare angiogenic tumor. In the nasal cavity, it can be considered malignant. It occurs in various parts of the body but those in the nasal cavity account for only 5% of total cases. Less than 200 cases have been reported worldwide involving the nose and paranasal sinuses. Due to its rarity a proper line of management has not been established to tackle this tumour. This article highlights two cases of hemangiopericytoma (HPC), one in an adult and the other in a child, presenting as an intranasal mass.

Matched MeSH terms: Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms/diagnosis*; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms/surgery; Nose Neoplasms/diagnosis*; Nose Neoplasms/surgery; Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms/diagnosis; Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms/surgery

Gall bladder cancer

Krishnan R

Med J Malaysia, 2005 Jul;60 Suppl B:139.

PMID: 16108196

Matched MeSH terms: Gallbladder Neoplasms/diagnosis*; Gallbladder Neoplasms/physiopathology; Gallbladder Neoplasms/surgery

Fulltext Adenocarcinoma of rectum metastasizing to penis

Sukumar N, Qureshi A

Med J Malaysia, 2001 Jun;56(2):255-6.

PMID: 11771091

An elderly gentleman with adenocarcinoma of the rectum who had abdominoperineal resection presented with scrotal skin and penile metastasis. Adenocarcinoma of the rectum metastasizing to the groin and penis is very rare and few cases have been reported.

Matched MeSH terms: Penile Neoplasms/secondary*; Rectal Neoplasms/pathology*

Fulltext Palatal pleomorphic adenoma and its management with island flaps

Janakarajah N, Dias AP

Med J Malaysia, 1983 Sep;38(3):251-4.

PMID: 6323936

Matched MeSH terms: Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal/surgery*; Palatal Neoplasms/surgery*

Hemangioendotheliosarcoma

Dutt AK

Med J Malaya, 1969 Dec;24(2):161-3.

PMID: 4244145

Matched MeSH terms: Kidney Neoplasms*; Mediastinal Neoplasms*

Fulltext Extraneural metastasis of meningeal haemangiopericytoma to the liver

Yusoff AR, Mokhtar S, Raman K, Singh H, Shabery NAM

Turk J Gastroenterol, 2019 09;30(9):848-850.

PMID: 31530530 DOI: 10.5152/tjg.2019.18454

Matched MeSH terms: Liver Neoplasms/secondary*; Meningeal Neoplasms/pathology*

On occupational cancer with special reference to the industries of Malaya

Kingsbury AN

Malayan Medical Journal, 1926;1:11-3.

Matched MeSH terms: Neoplasms

Fulltext HBME-1 expression in differentiating benign and malignant thyroid lesions

Noor ‘Ain, M.N., Nordashima, A.S., Mazne, M., Azyani, Y., Mohd Rohaizat, H.

Medicine & Health, 2020;15(1):187-197.

MyJurnal

Karsinoma tiroid biasanya didiagnoskan berdasarkan kriteria morfologi tertentu. Dalam sesetengah kes, diagnosis yang tepat mungkin sukar apabila ciri-ciri morfologi adalah tidak ketara. Kajian ini menilai kegunaan Hector Battifora Mesothelial-1 (HBME-1) sebagai penanda immunohistokimia untuk membezakan tisu tiroid barah dengan bukan barah dan untuk membandingkan ekspresi HBME-1 dalam pelbagai jenis tisu tiroid. Sensitiviti dan spesifisiti HBME-1 sebagai penanda khusus untuk karsinoma tiroid juga dikaji. Sejumlah 54 kes barah dan 54 kes bukan barah tiroid yang didiagnos di Pusat Perubatan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia untuk tempoh tujuh tahun telah dikumpul. Semua kes diwarnai dengan HBME-1 dan dinilai oleh tiga pemerhati bebas. Kes-kes tersebut diberi skor berdasarkan nisbah pewarnaan dan dinilai sebagai skor 0 (kurang daripada 10%), 1+ (10-25%), 2+ (26-50%) atau 3+ (lebih daripada 50%). Di samping itu, perkaitan antara skor bagi kes barah dengan peringkat patologi tumor juga dikaji. HBME-1 menunjukkan ungkapan pewarnaan yang lebih signifikan dalam kes barah berbanding bukan barah (P

Matched MeSH terms: Neoplasms

Primary anorectal malignant melanoma: A clinical, radiology and pathology correlation

Bohan S, Ramli Hamid MT, Poh KS, Chow TK, Chan WY

Malays J Pathol, 2020 Dec;42(3):461-467.

PMID: 33361730

INTRODUCTION: Primary gastrointestinal melanomas are mucosal malignancies that arise from melanocytes in the oropharynx, rectum, and anus. Anorectal malignant melanoma (ARMM) are exceedingly rare, accounting for less than 1% of all melanomas, 0.1% of all rectal malignancies and 4% of anal malignancies. Diagnosis is frequently delayed as these lesions are often mistaken for haemorrhoids. Histological evaluation with special immunohistochemical stains is often necessary for definitive diagnosis. Due to the aggressive nature, 61% of patients with ARMM would already have lymph node involvement or distant metastases, by the time of diagnosis. Prognosis is usually poor with 5-year survival rate of <20%. We report a case of metastatic ARMM in an elderly lady who presented with symptoms and signs mimicking a haemorrhoid.

CASE REPORT: A 69-year-old lady presented with one year history of intermittent rectal bleed and an anorectal mass that was initially treated as haemorrhoid. Colonoscopy showed a hyperpigmented mass in the anorectal region which was confirmed as malignant melanoma on histopathological examination. Imaging with CT and MRI demonstrated locally advanced tumour with distant metastases to the liver and lung. Patient was referred for palliative management.

CONCLUSION: ARMM is a rare malignancy and often presented with non-specific clinical signs. Diagnosis is frequently delayed without high index of suspicion. MRI pelvis is the imaging of choice to assess local extent of disease. Histologic evaluation with special immunohistochemical stains is often necessary for definitive diagnosis. Prognosis is poor despite surgical and chemotherapeutic interventions.

Matched MeSH terms: Anus Neoplasms/pathology*; Rectal Neoplasms/pathology*

An interesting case of lymphosarcoma

MAYCOCK H

Med J Malaya, 1956 Mar;10(3):246-50.

PMID: 13347455

Matched MeSH terms: Mandibular Neoplasms*; Neoplasms*

Congenital epulis--a case report

Ramanathan K, Karpal Singh

Med J Malaysia, 1973 Sep;28(1):55-7.

PMID: 4361092

Matched MeSH terms: Gingival Neoplasms/pathology*; Neoplasms, Muscle Tissue/pathology*

ENDOMETRIAL CARCINOMA

MEARSES SD

Med J Malaysia, 1963 Jun;17:253-62.

PMID: 14065443

Matched MeSH terms: Neoplasms/diagnosis*; Neoplasms/etiology*; Neoplasms/radiotherapy*; Neoplasms/therapy*; Uterine Neoplasms*; Endometrial Neoplasms*

THE USE OF RADIATION RESPONSE IN SELECTING THE METHOD OF TREATMENT OF CARCINOMA CERVICIS UTERI

CHESTERMAN JN

Med J Malaysia, 1963 Jun;17:263-8.

PMID: 14060502

Matched MeSH terms: Uterine Cervical Neoplasms*; Neoplasms/radiotherapy*

Fulltext Ultrasound-guided percutaneous trucut needle biopsy for musculoskeletal tumours

Sallehuddin, A., Saw, A., George, J., Sengupta, S.

Malays Orthop J, 2008;2(1):12-16.

MyJurnal

Purpose: To evaluate the usefulness of ultrasound guidance in percutaneous needle biopsy for musculoskeletal tumours.
Methods: Forty-five consecutive patients underwent ultrasound-guided needle biopsy. An additional group of 50 patients who underwent needle biopsy without ultrasound guidance was retrospectively selected as historical control. The sample was considered adequate when a diagnosis can be made, and diagnostic when the diagnosis is similar to the final report based on the excised tumour.
Results: Adequacy of the biopsy samples was 84% in ultrasound-guided group as compared 76% in the group with no ultrasound guidance. Diagnostic accuracy was 64% in the ultrasound-guided group and 52% in the group without ultrasound guidance. Both of these differences were not statistically significant.
Conclusions: Ultrasound guidance did not provide a significant advantage in the biopsy of musculoskeletal tumours. Diagnostic accuracy seems to improve with the use of larger 14 gauge biopsy needle but further evaluation is necessary.

Matched MeSH terms: Bone Neoplasms*; Muscle Neoplasms*

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